Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology Part 59

Parasitica: the sucking lice: wingless; without metamorphosis; mouth with piercing lancets; thoracic segments similar; habits epizootic.

Parasitism: a form of symbiosis in which one party lives upon or at the expense of the other, makes no return and destroys its host: see symbiosis; commensalism.

Parastigma: = pterostigma; q.v.

Parastigmatic glands: small, circular glands, which secrete a waxy powder, sometimes present around the spiracles of Coccidae.

Paratype: is every specimen of the series from which the type was selected see type and cotype.

Pa.r.s.e: spa.r.s.e or spa.r.s.ely.

Parcidentate: with few teeth.

Parenchymatous: composed of soft cellular and connective tissue.

Parietes: walls: the perpendicular sides of elevated bodies.

Paronychium-ia: one or more bristle-like appendages of onychia; q.v.

Parthenogenetic: see as.e.xual.

Parthenogenesis: reproduction by direct growth of germs from egg-cells without fertilization by the male element: as in plant lice, gall wasps, etc.

Particolored: partly of one, partly of another color: divided into two or more color fields.

Part.i.te -us: divided; e.g. the eyes of Gyrinidae.

Parum: not much.

Patagium -ia: in Lepidoptera, those sclerites that cover the base of primaries: often used as synonymous with tegula and squamula, q.v.: a.s.signed by some writers to the pro-, by others to the meso-thorax: h.o.m.ologized with the paraptera of meso-thorax.

Patella -ae: the modified joints of anterior tarsi in Dytiscidae; plate-like, h.o.r.n.y or spongy structures on the undersides of the tarsal joints: the first c.o.xal joint.

Patellar: pertaining to the knee-joint or cap.

Patellariae: in Dytiscids, the unequal, cup-like impressions on the underside of the patella.

Patens, Patentes: open; diverging; spreading apart.

Patric: home or country of origin.

Patulous-ose: open, spreading.

Paunch: a crop-like accessory pouch in some Mallophaga: any pouch-like appendage of the alimentary ca.n.a.l.

Paurometabolous: metamorphosis in which the changes of form are gradual and inconspicuous: e.g. Orthoptera and most Rhynchota.

Pavillions: the sheds or cells sometimes built by ants as a shelter for groups of plant lice.

Paxilla: a small stake or peg: a bundle of spicular processes.

Pearlaceous: having the appearance of pearl.

Pecten: a comb: in Hymenoptera, rigid, incurred setae on the basal parts of maxilla and labium: the rows of spines on the feet of pollen-gathering bees: any series of bristles arranged like a comb: in mosquito larvae the comb-like teeth on the breathing tube.

Pectinate: comb-shaped: with even branches like the teeth of a comb.

Pectinato-fimbriate: having pectinations that are fringed with hair.

Pectoralis: relating to the breast.

Pectoral plate: in Coleoptera, the sternum.

Pectunculate: with a row of minute appendages like the teeth of a comb: e.g. some maxillary structures.

Pectus: the ventral portion of thorax: variably applied in Coleoptera, for the entire meso- and meta-thorax: also the pro- and meso-sternum: in Diptera, is the inferior surface of the thorax between the legs.

Pedal line: in caterpillars: extends along the base of the feet.

Pedal tubercle: on the thoracic and abdominal rings of caterpillars: on the anterior side of leg-base and, correspondingly, on apodal segments: is VII of the abdomen where it consists of three setae: VI of the thorax where the setae are not numbered: constant (Dyar).

Pedamina: the aborted fore-legs of Nymphalid b.u.t.terflies.

Pedate: foot-bearing, or having feet.

Peddler: applied to the larvae of such Ca.s.sid beetles as carry their excrement and cast skins on an a.n.a.l fork.

Pedes: the feet, or really, legs.

Pedicellus or Pedicle: the third joint in a geniculate antenna: forming the pivot between scape and funicle: in general, a stalk or stem.

Pediculosis: a state of lousiness, or the abnormal condition caused by the multiplication of lice on the body: sec phthiriasis.

Pediculous: lousy: infested with lice.

Pedigerous: feet bearing.

Peduncle: a stalk or petiole: the basal joint of the antenna in h.o.m.optera: the smaller of the two stalks supporting the mushroom body; q.v.

Pedunculated: set on a stalk or peduncle: attached by a slender stalk or neck.

Pelagic: inhabiting the sea, far from land.

Pellicles: the exuviae or cast larval skins of many insects: in Coccidae more especially applied to the hardened larval skin attached to the puparia of Diaspinae.

Pellit: covered with long, drooping hairs, irregularly placed.

Pellucid: colored, but transparent: sometimes applied when there is no color.