The Sailor's Word-Book Part 193

PUMP s.h.i.+P! The order to the crew to work the pumps to clear the hold of water.

PUMP-SPEAR. The rod of iron to which the upper box is attached--and to the upper end of which the brake is pinned--whereby the pump is put in motion.

PUMP SUCKS. The _pump sucks_ is said when, all the water being drawn out of the well, and air admitted, there comes up nothing but froth and wind, with a whistling noise, which is music to the f.a.gged seaman.

PUMP-TACKS. Small iron or copper tacks, used for nailing the leather on the pump-boxes.

PUNCH. An iron implement for starting bolts in a little, or for driving them out, called a _starting_ or _teeming punch_. Also, a well-known sea-drink, now adopted in all countries. It was introduced from the East Indies, and is said to derive its name from _panch_, the Hindostanee word for _five_, in allusion to the number of its ingredients. (_See_ BOULEPONGES.)

PUNISHMENT. The execution of the sentence against an offender, as awarded by a court-martial, or adjudged by a superior officer.

PUNISHMENT DRILL. Fatiguing exercise or extra drill for petty delinquencies.

PUNK. The interior of an excrescence on the oak-tree; used as tinder, and better known as touch-wood. (_See_ s.p.u.n.k.)

PUNT. An Anglo-Saxon term still in use for a flat-bottomed boat, used by fishermen, or for ballast lumps, &c.

PUOYS. Spiked poles used in propelling barges or keels.

PURCHASE. Any mechanical power which increases the force applied. It is of large importance to nautical men in the combinations of pulleys, as whip, gun-tackle, luff-tackle, jeer, viol, luff upon luff, runner, double-runner, capstan, windla.s.s, &c.

PURCHASE A COMMISSION, TO. A practice in our army, which has been aptly termed the "buying of fetters;" it is the obtaining preferment at regulated prices. At present the total value of a commission in a regiment of infantry of the line ranges from 450 for an ensigncy, up to 4540 for a lieutenant-colonelcy, and higher in the other branches of the service.

PURCHASE-BLOCKS. All blocks virtually deserve this name, but it is distinctively given to those used in moving heavy weights.

PURCHASE-FALLS. The rope rove through purchase-blocks.

PURRE. A name for the dunlin, _Tringa alpina_, a species of sand-piper frequenting our sh.o.r.es and the banks of rivers in winter.

PURSE-NET. A peculiar landing-net in fis.h.i.+ng. It is used in the seine and trawl to bewilder the fish, and prevent their swimming out when fairly inside; like a wire mouse-trap.

PURSER. An officer appointed by the lords of the admiralty to take charge of the provisions and slops of a s.h.i.+p of war, and to see that they were carefully distributed to the officers and crew, according to the printed naval instruction. He had very little to do with money matters beyond paying for short allowance. He was allowed one-eighth for waste on all provisions embarked, and additional on all provisions saved; for which he paid the crew. The designation is now discarded for that of _paymaster_.

PURSER'S DIP. The smallest dip-candle.

PURSER'S GRINS. Sneers.

PURSER'S NAME. An a.s.sumed one. During the war, when pressed men caught at every opportunity to desert, they adopted _aliases_ to avoid discovery if retaken, which alias was handed to the purser for entry upon the s.h.i.+p's books.

PURSER'S POUND. The weight formerly used in the navy, by which the purser retained an eighth for waste, and the men received only seven-eighths of what was supplied by government. One of the complaints of the mutiny was, having the purser's instead of an honest pound. This allowance was reduced to one-tenth.

PURSER'S s.h.i.+RT. "Like a purser's s.h.i.+rt on a handspike;" a comparison for clothes fitting loosely.

PURSER'S STEWARD. The official who superintended and noted down the exact quant.i.ty and species of provisions issued to the respective messes both of officers and men.

PURSER'S STOCKING. A slop article, which stretched to any amount put into it. (_See_ SHOW A LEG.)

PURSUE, TO. To make all sail in chase.

PUSH, TO. To move a vessel by poles.

PUs.h.i.+NG FOR A PORT. Carrying all sail to arrive quickly.

PUT ABOUT. Go on the other tack.

PUT BACK, TO. To return to port--generally the last left.

PUTHAG. A name on the Scottish sh.o.r.es for the porpoise; it is a Gaelic word signifying _the blower_.

PUT INTO PORT, TO. To enter an intermediate or any port in the course of a voyage, usually from stress of weather.

PUT OFF! OR PUSH OFF. The order to boats to quit the s.h.i.+p or the sh.o.r.e.

PUTTING A s.h.i.+P IN COMMISSION. The formal ceremony of hoisting the pennant on the s.h.i.+p to be fitted. This act brought the crew under martial law.

PUTTING A STEAM-ENGINE IN GEAR. This is said when the gab of the eccentric rod is allowed to fall upon its stud on the gab-lever.

PUTTOCK. A cormorant; a ravenous fellow.

PUTTOCK-SHROUDS. Synonymous with _futtock_; a word in use, but not warranted.

PUT TO SEA, TO. To quit a port or roadstead, and proceed to the destination.

PYKAR. A herring-boat, or small vessel, treated of in statute 31 Edward III. c. 2.

PYKE, TO. A old word signifying to haul on a wind.

PYKE-MAW. The great tern, _Larus ridibundus_; a species of sea-gull.

PYKE OFF, TO. To go away silently.

PYPERI. A sort of vessel made of several pieces of wood merely lashed together; hardly superior to a raft, but sharp forward to cut the water.

PYRAMID. A solid, the base of which is any right-lined plane figure, and its sides are triangles, having their vertices meeting in one point, named its vertex.

PYROTECHNY. The science of artificial fire-works, including not only such as are used in war, but also those intended for amus.e.m.e.nt.

Q.

QUADE. An old word for unsteady.--_Quade wind_, a veering one.

QUADRANT. A reflecting instrument used to take the alt.i.tude above the horizon of the sun, moon, or stars at sea, and thereby to determine the lat.i.tude and longitude of the place, &c. &c. It was invented by Hadley.

Also, in speaking of double stars, or of two objects near each other, the position of one component in reference to the other is indicated by the terms, _north following_, _north preceding_, _south following_, or _south preceding_, the word quadrant being understood.--_A gunner's quadrant_, for determining the gun's angle of _elevation_. The long arm is inserted into the bore, while the short one remains outside, with a graduated arc and plummet, showing the inclination. For _depression_, on the contrary, the long arm must be applied to the face of the piece.

Also, a graduated arc on the carriage showing, by an index on the trunnion, the gun's elevation above the plane of its platform; first applied by the gallant Captain Broke.--The _mural quadrant_, was framed and fitted with telescope, divisions, and plumb-line, firmly attached to the side of a wall built in the plane of the meridian; only used in large observatories.--_Senical quadrant_, consists of several concentric quadratic arcs, divided into eight equal parts by radii, with parallel right lines crossing each other at right angles. It was made of bra.s.s, or wood, with lines drawn from each side intersecting one another, and an index divided by sines also, with 90 on the limb, and two sights on the edge, to take the alt.i.tude of the sun. Sometimes, instead of sines, they were divided into equal parts. It was in great use among the French navigators, from its solving the problems of plane sailing.