Color Key to North American Birds Part 52

=520.1 San Benito House Finch= (_Carpodacus mcgregori_). Similar to No. 519, but much larger with relatively shorter wings and tail; above much grayer and more distinctly streaked; red areas paler, more flesh-colored, often dull yellow; W. 3.2; T. 2.5; B. .5. (Ridgw.)

Range.--San Benito Island, Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 527.]

=527. Greenland Redpoll= (_Acanthis hornemannii_). L. 6.1; W. 3.3.

A red crown-patch. _Ad._ [Male]. Rump, lower breast, sides and belly _white_, generally _unstreaked_; breast and rump sometimes faintly tinged with pink. In winter. Throat, breast, and above washed with buff. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar to [Male], but no pink on breast or rump, sides sometimes lightly streaked.

Range.--Breeds in Greenland; winters south to Labrador.

=527a. h.o.a.ry Redpoll= (_A. h. exilipes_). Similar to No. 527 but smaller and darker; rump still _white_, but with sides more apt to be streaked; L. 5; W. 3; T. 2.3; B. .3.

Range.--Breeds in Arctic regions; in America, winters south irregularly to Ma.s.sachusetts, Ontario, northern Illinois, and Michigan.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 528.]

=528. Redpoll= (_Acanthis linaria_). L. 5.3; W. 2.8; T. 2.3. B. .36.

Crown-cap red. _Ad._ [Male]. Above blackish brown edged with yellowish brown and some whitish; rump _heavily_ streaked with blackish edged with whitish and tinged with rose; breast rose; sides heavily streaked. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but no pink on rump or breast.

_Yng._ [Male]. Like female. _Notes._ Call like that of Goldfinch or Siskin and _chit_; song like that of American Goldfinch but distinct.

(Minot.)

Range.--Breeds in northern parts of northern hemisphere; in America, winters south to northern United States, irregularly to Virginia, Alabama, Kansas, Colorado, and northern California.

=528a. Holb?ll Redpoll= (_A. l. holb?llii_). Similar to No. 528, but larger, the bill longer; W. 3.2; T. 2.3; B. .38.

Range.--Breeds in northern parts of northern hemisphere; in America, winters south, casually to northern United States, (Quebec, Ontario, and Ma.s.sachusetts.)

=528b. Greater Redpoll= (_A. l. rostrata_). Similar to No. 528, but larger, above darker; L. 5.5; W. 3.2; T. 2.5; B. .35; depth at base, .28.

Range.--"Southern Greenland in summer, migrating south in winter, through Labrador to (sparingly) the northern border of the United States, (New England, lower Hudson Valley, northern Illinois, etc.), and west to Manitoba." (Ridgway.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 749.]

=749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet= (_Regulus calendula_). L. 4.4.

A conspicuous whitish eye-ring. _Ad._ [Male]. A more or less concealed vermilion crown-patch; back olive-green; underparts soiled whitish more or less tinged with buffy; two white wing-bars.

_Ad._ [Female] _and Yng._ Similar, but no crown-patch. _Notes._ Call, a wren-like _cack_; song, a surprisingly loud, rich, musical, varied, flute-like whistle.

Range.--North America; breeds from the northern border of the United States northward and south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and on the Sierra Nevada of California; winters from South Carolina and Oregon southward to Central America.

=749a. Sitkan Kinglet= (_R. c. grinnelli_). Similar to No. 749, but more olive-green above, more buffy below.

Range.--Pacific coast; breeds In southern Alaska; winters southward to California.

=750. Dusky Kinglet= (_Regulus obscurus_). Similar to No. 749, but above sooty olive. _Ad._ [Male]. With crown-patch pinkish or purplish vermilion-red. (Ridgw.) (See page 176.)

Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

--=European Goldfinch= (_Carduelis carduelis_). L. 5.50. Feathers at base of bill red; crown and neck-stripe black; back brownish; wings with a yellow band; inner webs of tail-feathers tipped with white; below white tinged with brownish. _Notes._ Call, _twit_; song, "sweet and varied." (See page 176.)

Range.--Introduced in this country near Hoboken, N. J., in 1878; now not uncommon near New York City.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 443.]

=443. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher= (_Muscivora forficata_). L. 14.5.

_Ad._ [Male]. Above gray, back washed with red or yellow; crown-patch red. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but tail shorter, red less bright, back grayer. _Notes._ Loud, harsh, chattering notes uttered on the wing.

Range.--Central America and Mexico; breeds through Texas north to southern Kansas and western Louisiana, and winters south to Central America: accidental in Florida and as far north as Connecticut and Hudson Bay.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 471.]

=471. Vermilion Flycatcher= (_Pyrocephalus rubineus mexica.n.u.s_).

L. 6. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown and underparts red; back grayish brown.

_Ad._ [Female]. Above brownish, below white, breast streaked with dusky, belly red or yellow. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar to [Female] but spotted with red below and on crown. _Notes._ A shrill _zi-bree_, _zi-bree_, uttered while the bird hovers twenty or thirty feet up in the air. (Bendire.)

Range.--Central America and Mexico, breeding north to southern Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, southwestern Utah (rarely); "winter visitant to southern California." (Grinnell.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 688.]

=688. Painted Redstart= (_Setophaga picta_). L. 5.4.

_Ads._ Black; center of breast and belly deep red, patch in wings and outer tail-feathers white.

Range--Mexican Plateau north to southwest New Mexico and Arizona.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 690.]

=690. Red-faced Warbler= (_Cardellina rubrifrons_).

L. 5.2. _Ads._ Forehead, face, throat and sides of neck red, crown and ear-coverts black, nape band and rump whitish; back gray; no white in wings or tail. _Notes._ A prolonged, very clear, whistled song. (Scott.)

Range.--From Guatemala north over the Mexican Plateau to southern Arizona and western New Mexico.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 498.]

=498. Red-winged Blackbird= (_Agelaius ph?niceus_). L. [Male], 9.5; W. 4.7; B. .88; depth at base, .5. _Ad._ [Male]. Black, in winter more or less tipped with rusty; lesser wing-coverts scarlet; median wing-coverts buff, tips in summer whitish. _Ad._ [Female]. Above brownish black, widely margined with buffy and rusty; below whitish heavily streaked with black; throat tinged with orange or yellow; lesser wing-coverts tinged with red. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar to _Ad._ [Male], but heavily margined with rusty above and less so below; lesser wing-coverts duller and narrowly edged with black. _Notes._ Call, _chut_, _chuck_, a reedy _cack_; song, a chorus song, a liquid _kong-qu?r-r??_; alarm note a shrill _chee-e-e-e-e_. The notes of this species are subject to much variation with locality, but I find it impossible to express on paper differences perfectly apparent when heard.

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Gulf of Mexico north to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and southern Illinois southward.

=498a. Sonoran Red-wing= (_A. p. sonoriensis_). Similar to No. 498, but larger, bill more slender; [Female] paler, streaking below browner. W. [Female], 4.8; B. .95; depth at base .5.

Range.--Lower Colorado Valley in California and Arizona, southern Arizona and south over coast plain of Sonora; Cape St. Lucas.

=498b. Bahaman Red-wing= (_A. p. bryanti_). Similar to No. 498, but bill slightly longer, the female streaked below with brownish instead of black.