A Short History of Women's Rights Part 2

III. The Fragments of the Perpetual Edict of Salvius Julia.n.u.s. Edited by Bryan Walken Cambridge University Press. 1877.

IV. Pomponii de Origine Iuris Fragmentum: recognovit Fridericus Osannus. Gissae, apud Io. Rickerum, 1848.

V. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Consilio et Auctoritate Academiae Litterarum Regiae Borussicae editum. Berolini apud Georgium Reimerum (begun in 1863).

VI. Valerii Maximi Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium Libri Novem: c.u.m Iulii Paridis et Ianvarii Nepotiani Epitomis: iterum recensuit Carolus Kempf. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1888.

VII. Ca.s.sii Dionis Cocceiani Rerum Romanarum libri octaginta: ab Immanuele Bekkero Recogniti. Lipsiae, apud Weidmannos, 1849.

VIII. C. Suetoni Tranquilli quae Supersunt Omnia: recensuit Carolus L.

Roth. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1898.

IX. A. Persii Flacci, D. Iunii Iuvenalis, Sulpiciae Saturae; recognovit Otto Iahn. Editio altera curam agente Francis...o...b..echeler. Berolini, apud Weidmannos, 1886.

X. Eutropi Breviarium ab Urbe Condita: recognovit Franciscus Ruehl.

Lipsiae (Teubner), 1897.

XI. Herodiani ab Excessu Divi Marci libri octo: ab Immanuele Bekkero recogniti. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1855.

XII. A. Gellii Noctium Atticarum libri XX: edidit Carolus Hosius.

Lipsiae (Teubner), 1903.

XIII. Petronii Saturae et Liber Priapeorum: quartum edidit Franciscus Buecheler: adiectae sunt Varronis et Senecae Saturae similesque Reliquiae. Berolini, apud Weidmannos, 1904.

XIV. M. Valerii Martialis Epigrammaton libri: recognovit Walther Gilbert. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1896.

XV. Cornelii Taciti Libri qui Supersunt: quartum recognovit Carolus Halm. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1901.

XVI. C. Vellei Paterculi ex Historiae Romanae libris duobus quae supersunt: edidit Carolus Halm. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1876.

XVII. L. Annaei Senecae Opera quae Supersunt: recognovit Fridericus Haase. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1898.

XVIII. Athenaei Naucrat.i.tae Deipnosophistaro libri XV: recensuit Georgius Kaibel. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1887.

XIX. Lucii Apulei Metamorphoseon libri XI. Apologia et Florida.

Recensuit J. van der Vliet. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1897.

XX. C. Plini Caecili Secundi Epistularum libri novem. Epistularum ad Traianum liber. Panegyricus. Recognovit C.F.W. Mueller. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1903.

XXI. Scriptores Historiae Augustae: edidit Hermannus Peter. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1888.

XXII. M. Fabii Quintiliani Inst.i.tutionis Oratoriae libri XII: recensuit Eduardus Bonnell. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1905.

XXIII. Marci Antonini Commentariorum libri XII: iterum recensuit Ioannes Stich. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1903.

XXIV. C. Plinii Secundi Naturalis Historiae libri x.x.xVII: recognovit Ludovicus Ia.n.u.s. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1854.

XXV. XII Panegyrici Latini: recensuit Aemilius Baehrens. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1874.

XXVI. Plutarchi Scripta Moralia, Graece et Latine: Parisiis, editore Ambrosio F. Didot, 1841.

Plutarchi Vitae Parallelae: iterum recognovit Carolus Sintennis. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1884.

XXVII. Ammiani Marcellini Rerum Gestarum libri qui supersunt: recensuit V. Gardthausen. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1875.

XXVIII. Poetae Latini Minores: recensuit Aemilius Baehrens. Lipsiae (Teubner), 1883.

NOTES:

[1] Paulus, iii, 4_a_, 1.

[2] Ulpian, t.i.t., xx, 16. Gaius, ii, 112.

[ 3: Male relatives on the father's side--agnati--were guardians in such cases; these failing, the judge of the supreme court (praetor) a.s.signed one. See Ulpian, t.i.t., xi, 3, 4, and 24. Gaius, i, 185, and iii, 10. Libertae (freedwomen) took as guardians their former masters.]

[4] Ulpian, t.i.t., xi, 27.

[5] The power of the father was called _potestas_; that of the husband, _ma.n.u.s_.

[6] Aulus Gellius, x, 23. Cf. Suetonius, _Tiberius_, 35.

[7] Gaius, i, 144.

[8] Ulpian, t.i.t., xi, I.

[9] Ulpian, t.i.t., xi, 28a. Gaius, i, 194. Paulus, iv, 9, 1-9.

[10] Gaius, i, 145. Ulpian, t.i.t., x, 5.

[11] Gaius, i, 137. For an example see Pliny, _Letters_, viii, 18. Cf.

Spartia.n.u.s. _Didius Iulia.n.u.s_, 8: filiam suam, pot.i.tus imperio, dato patrimonio, emanc.i.p.averat. See also Dio, 73, 7 (Xiphilin).

If emanc.i.p.ated children insulted or injured their parents, they lost their independence--Codex, 8, 49 (50), 1.

[12] Ulpian, t.i.t., viii, 7_a_.

[13] Paulus, i, 4, 4; Mater, quae filiorum suorum rebus intervenit, actione negotiorum gestorum et ipsis et eorum tutoribus tenebitur.

[14] Ulpian in Dig., 25, 3, 5.

[15] For Livia's great influence over Augustus see Seneca, _de Clementia_, i, 9, 6. Tacitus, _Annals_, i, 3, 4, and 5, and ii, 34. Dio, 55, 14-21, and 56, 47.

Agrippina dominated Claudius--Tacitus, _Annals_, xii, 37. Dio, 60, 33.

Caenis, the concubine of Vespasian, ama.s.sed great wealth and sold public offices right and left--Dio, 65, 14. Plotina, wife of Trajan, engineered Hadrian's succession--Eutropius, viii, 6. Dio, 69, I. A concubine formed the conspiracy which overthrew Commodus--Herodian, i, 16-17. The plotting of Maesa put Heliogabalus on the throne--Capitolinus, _Macrinus_, 9-10. Alexander Severus was ruled by his mother Mammaea--Lampridius, _Alex. Severus_, 14; Herodian, vi, i, i and 9.

Gallienus invited women to his cabinet meetings--Trebellius Pollio, Gallienus, 16. The wives of governors took such a strenuous part in politics and army matters that it caused the Senate grave concern--see examples in Tacitus, Annals, in, 33 and 34, and iv, 20; also i, 69, and ii, 55; id. _Hist_., iii, 69. Vellcius Paterculus, ii, 74 (Fulvia).

Of course, no woman ever had a right to vote; but neither did anybody else, since the Roman government had become an absolute despotism. The first woman on the throne was Pulcheria, who, in 450 A.D., was proclaimed Empress of the East, succeeding her brother, Theodosius II.

But she soon took a husband and made him Emperor. She had been practically sole ruler since 414.