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83 Ibid., 388 (to determine tonnage, multiply length times breadth times depth and divide by 95).
84 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Series III, Duties of Incoming Vessels 1765-1775; PA Archives Vol. 1, s.h.i.+ps Registers 1762-1776, 395.
85 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 8.
86 Ibid., 12. City doc.u.ments from that time found in the Philadelphia City Archives, have no mention of a "Cleary" or similar spelling.
87 Merritt, "Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Pre-Revolutionary Philadelphia," 131.
88 Lancaster, The American Revolution, 51-53.
89 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Records 1765-1775; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 9.
90 PA Archives, vol. 1, s.h.i.+ps Registers 1762-1776, 395; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 10.
91 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 10.
92 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 12. 1767.
93 Ibid.; Pennsylvania Gazette, February 1, 1770.
94 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 1, 1770, February 12, 1767.
95 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage and Duties of Incoming Vessels, 1765-1775.
96 Pennsylvania Gazette, July 16, 1767.
97 Ibid.; Pennsylvania Gazette, October 29, 1767.
98 Philadelphia City Archives, Marriage Licenses, 1767. City tax records, 1767; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 12.
99 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 12.
100 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 18, 1768.
101 Pennsylvania Gazette, June 18, 1768; HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Records 1765-1775, May 8, 1768; July 15, 1768.
102 Pennsylvania Gazette, JuneSeptember 1768.
103 HSP, Logbook, "Society for the Relief of Poor and Distressed Masters of s.h.i.+ps," 1769; Clark, "The Sea Captains Club," 44.
104 Lancaster, The American Revolution, 54, 58.
105 Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride, 25.
106 Pennsylvania Chronicle, August 21, 1769; Pennsylvania Gazette, September 14, 28, 1769.
107 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Records 1765-1775.
108 Library of Congress (LOC), John Barry Collection, Log of the s.h.i.+p Barbadoes, October 7, 1770.
109 Ibid., October 23, 25, 1770.
110 Ibid., October 28, 30, 1770; King with Hattendorf and Estes, A Sea of Words, 146.
CHAPTER TWO: STORMS.
1 PA Archives, Kessler Papers, Portfolio Magazine, 4.
2 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage and Duties of Incoming Vessels, 1765-1775; Eymal, "The Changing Situation of Philadelphia's Trade with the British West Indies," 166-67.
3 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 47-48, 50.
4 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Nicholas Barry to John Barry, May 31, 1785; Wolf, As Various as Their Land, 99-100.
5 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Duties of Incoming Vessels, 1765-1775; HSP, s.h.i.+ps Registered before 1776, GN187; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 16.
6 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 16.
7 Illich, Colonial Pennsylvania-A History, 247.
8 Nash, First City, 68.
9 Some aspiring merchants did not survive-literally or figuratively. Protestants George Dunlope and William Glenholme came to Philadelphia from Ireland, set up by their fathers with credit, connections, and two brigantines-sleek, two-masted vessels perfectly suited for both Caribbean and Atlantic voyages. Flush with a s.h.i.+pment of marketable Irish flaxseed, they flaunted their good fortune, purchasing a racehorse as a side investment-an early example of a diversified portfolio. But the pace and risk of mercantilism overtook them. Cash for expenses flew out of their hands. Their high overhead and the planting season deadline were further enc.u.mbered by Delaware River ice and winter storms at sea. Glenholme, bedridden with a "nervous fever," was forced back to work after Dunlope suddenly went "numb in the limbs" and died walking home one night. Mounting debts were accompanied by news of a mutiny aboard one of the brigantines. When Glenholme learned of his slave's overtures to the firm's clients, representing himself as a bond servant whose imminent freedom would allow him to make better deals for them than his prodigal master, pressure won out over profits. The firm of Dunlope and Glenholme went bankrupt, advertising the sale of everything from office furnis.h.i.+ngs to a "very likely Negro boy" and "the famous horse Northumberland." Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 12, 14.
10 Pennsylvania Gazette, December 6, 1770; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 16.
11 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Duty Book, 1765-1775; LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's log, Patty and Polly, February 1771.
12 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 14, 1771; LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's log, Patty and Polly, March 3, 1771.
13 LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's log, Patty and Polly, March 13, March 23, May 20, 1771.
14 Pennsylvania Gazette, June 27, 1771; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 20.
15 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Philadelphia Customs House records, August 21, 1771; HSP, s.h.i.+ps Registered before 1776, GN187; August 21, 1771.
16 Brown and Kessler, "Commodore John Barry," 13.
17 LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's Log, Schooner Industry, August 28, 1771.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid., August 28-September 1, 1771, March 21, 1771, September 4, 1771; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 18.
20 LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's Log, Schooner Industry, October 21, 1771, November 4, 1771.
21 Ibid., November 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 1771.
22 Ibid., December 5, 7, 12, 1771.
23 Ibid., January 5, 1772.
24 Pennsylvania Gazette, December 15, 1771, January 5, 1772.
25 LOC, Barry Collection, s.h.i.+p's Log, schooner Industry, January 5, 16-19, 1772.
26 Ibid., March 13, 14-31, 1772.
27 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 25.
28 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Philadelphia Custom House Records; Pennsylvania Chronicle, August 15, 1772.
29 Millar, American s.h.i.+ps of the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods, 12.
30 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 27.
31 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 44.
32 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 27.
33 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Duty Book, 1765-1775; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 28, 29.
34 Philadelphia City Archives; Tax Records, Walnut Ward, 1772.
35 Clark, The Irish in Philadelphia, 6; Wolf, As Various as their Land, 11819; Bronner, "Village into Town, 17011746," 6061; Thayer, "Town into City," 74.
36 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Reports, 1770-1775; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 30.
37 Mitch.e.l.l, Isles of the Caribees, 150-52; Nash, First City, 18.
38 Tuchman, The First Salute, 19-20.
39 Ibid.; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 31.
40 Tuchman, The First Salute, 21-22.
41 HSP, Cadwalader Collection, Tonnage Reports, 1770-1775.
42 Ibid., 142.
43 Tinkcom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651800," 117.
44 Merritt, "Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Pre-Revolutionary Philadelphia," 143.
45 Library Company of Philadelphia, Tea s.h.i.+p Broadside, November 27, 1773; Tinckom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651800," 108.
46 Nash, First City, 85.
47 Ca.r.s.e, Ports of Call, 206.
48 Pennsylvania Gazette, November 10, 1773.
49 Tinkcom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651800"; Clark, Gallant John Barry, 34.
50 Keen, "Descendants of Joran Kyn," 486; Cooper, Sketches of Naval Men.
51 Pennsylvania Gazette, February 23, 1774.
52 Clark, Gallant John Barry, 35.
53 Ibid.
54 Wagner, Robert Morris, 1.
55 Ibid., 46.
56 Ibid., 8, 12; Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 66.
57 Wagner, Robert Morris, 21.
58 PA Archives, vol. 1, s.h.i.+ps List, 1762-1777, 410.
59 HSP, s.h.i.+ps Registered before 1776, Venus, March 20, 1774; Pennsylvania Gazette 1773-1774.
60 Philadelphia Custom House Records, March 28, 1774.
61 Pennsylvania Gazette, June 10, 1774.
62 Fowler, The Baron of Beacon Hill, 170-172; Lancaster, The American Revolution, 70.
63 Fischer, Paul Revere's Ride, 26.
64 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 194.
65 Tinkcom, "The Revolutionary City, 17651800," 119-120; Illich, Colonial Pennsylvania, 272.
66 Wagner, Robert Morris, 24.
67 Doerflinger, Vigorous Spirit of Enterprise, 194, 256.
68 ISM, Barry-Hayes Papers, Memorial to Congress from John Barry and Thomas Read, September 1785.
