The Nuttall Encyclopaedia Part 26

ANDRE, JOHN, a brave British officer, tried and hanged as a spy in the American war in 1780; a monument is erected to him in Westminster Abbey.

ANDRe II., king of Hungary from 1205 to 1235, took part in the fifth crusade.

ANDREA DEL SARTO. See SARTO.

ANDREA PISANO, a sculptor and architect, born at Pisa, contributed greatly to free modern art from Byzantine influence (1270-1345).

ANDREOSSY, COUNT, an eminent French general and statesman, served under Napoleon, amba.s.sador at London, Vienna, and Constantinople, advocated the recall of the Bourbons on the fall of Napoleon.

ANDREOSSY, FRANcOIS, an eminent French engineer and mathematician (1633-1688).

ANDREW, ST., one of the Apostles, suffered martyrdom by crucifixion, became patron saint of Scotland; represented in art as an old man with long white hair and a beard, holding the Gospel in his right hand, and leaning on a transverse cross.

ANDREW, ST., RUSSIAN ORDER OF, the highest Order in Russia.

ANDREW, ST., THE CROSS OF, cross like a X, such having, it is said, been the form of the cross on which St. Andrew suffered.

ANDREWES, LANCELOT, an English prelate, born in Ess.e.x, and zealous High Churchman in the reign of Elizabeth and James I.; eminent as a scholar, a theologian, and a preacher; in succession bishop of Ely, Chichester, and Winchester; was one of the Hampton Court Conference, and of the translators of the Authorised Version of the Bible; he was fervent in devotion, but of his sermons the criticism of a Scotch n.o.bleman, when he preached at Holyrood once, was not inappropriate: "He rather plays with his subject than preaches on it" (1555-1626).

ANDREWS, JOSEPH, a novel by Fielding, and the name of the hero, who is a footman, and the brother of Richardson's Pamela.

ANDREWS, THOMAS, an eminent physicist, born and professor in Belfast (1813-1885).

ANDRIEUX, ST., a French litterateur and dramatist, born at Stra.s.sburg, professor in the College of France, and permanent secretary to the Academy (1759-1822).

ANDRO'CLUS, a Roman slave condemned to the wild beasts, but saved by a lion, sent into the arena to attack him, out of whose foot he had long before sucked a thorn that pained him, and who recognised him as his benefactor.

ANDROM'ACHE, the wife of Hector and the mother of Astyanax, famous for her conjugal devotion; fell to Pyrrhus, Achilles' son, at the fall of Troy, but was given up by him to Hector's brother; is the subject of tragedies by Euripides and Racine respectively.

ANDROM'EDA, a beautiful Ethiopian princess exposed to a sea monster, which Perseus slew, receiving as his reward the hand of the maiden; she had been demanded by Neptune as a sacrifice to appease the Nereids for an insult offered them by her mother.

ANDRONI'CUS, the name of four Byzantine emperors: A. I., COMNENUS, killed his ward, Alexis II., usurped the throne, and was put to death, 1183; A. II., lived to see the empire devastated by the Turks (1282-1328); A. III., grandson of the preceding, dethroned him, fought stoutly against the Turks without staying their advances (1328-1341); A. IV. dethroned his father, Soter V., and was immediately stripped of his possessions himself (1377-1378).

ANDRONICUS, LIVIUS, the oldest dramatic poet in the Latin language (240 B.C.).

ANDRONICUS OF RHODES, a disciple of Aristotle in the time of Cicero, and to whom we owe the preservation of many of Aristotle's works.

ANDROS (22), the most northern of the Cyclades, fertile soil and productive of wine and silk.

ANDROUET DU CERCEAU', an eminent French architect who designed the Pont Neuf at Paris (1530-1600).

ANDUJAR (11), a town of Andalusia, on the Guadalquivir, noted for the manufacture of porous clay water-cooling vessels.

ANEMOMETER, an instrument for measuring the force, course, and velocity of the wind.

ANEROID, a barometer, consisting of a small watch-shaped, air-tight, air-exhausted metallic box, with internal spring-work and an index, affected by the pressure of the air on plates exposed to its action.

ANEU'RIN, a British bard at the beginning of the 7th century, who took part in the battle of Cattraeth, and made it the subject of a poem.

ANEURISM, a tumour, containing blood, on the coat of an artery.

ANGARA, a tributary of the Yenisei, which pa.s.ses through Lake Baikal.

ANGEL, an old English coin, with the archangel Michael piercing the dragon on the obverse of it.

ANGEL-FISH, a hideous, voracious fish of the shark family.

ANGELIC DOCTOR, Thomas Aquinas.

ANGEL'ICA, a faithless lady of romance, for whose sake Orlando lost his heart and his senses.

ANGELICA DRAUGHT, something which completely changes the affection.

ANGELICO, FRA, an Italian painter, born at Mugello, in Tuscany; became a Dominican monk at Fiesole, whence he removed to Florence, and finally to Rome, where he died; devoted his life to religious subjects, which he treated with great delicacy, beauty, and finish, and conceived in virgin purity and child-like simplicity of soul; his work in the form of fresco-painting is to be found all over Italy (1387-1455).

AN'GELUS, a devotional service in honour of the Incarnation.