Surnames as a Science Part 11

_Will_, in the sense of "resolution"?

(_Bern_, bear), O.G. Wilbernus--Eng. _Wilbourn_. (_Gom_, man), O.G.

Willicomo--Uilcomae _Lib. Vit._--Eng. _Wilcomb_, _Welcome_. (_Frid_, peace), A.S. Wilfrid--Eng. _Wilford_. (_Gis_, hostage), A.S.

Wilgis--Eng. _Willgoss_. (_Hard_, fortis), O.G. Willard--A.S.

Willeard--Eng. _Willard_. (_Heit_, state, "hood") O.G. Williheit--Eng.

_Willett_. (_Helm_), A.S. Wilhelm--Eng. _Williams_. (_Mar_, famous), O.G. Willemar--Eng. _Willmore_. (_Mot_, courage), O.G. Willimot--Eng.

_Willmot_. (_Mund_, protection), A.S. Wilmund--Uilmund, _Lib.

Vit._--Eng. _Willament_.

_Wind_, _Wend_, supposed "from the people."

(_Hari_, warrior), O.G. Winidhar--Eng. _Winder_. (_Ram_, raven), O.G.

Winidram--Eng. _Windram_. (_Rad_, counsel)--Eng. _Windred_.

_Wine_, "friend."

(_Bald_, fortis), O.G. Winebald--Eng. _Winbolt_. (_Cof_, strenuous), A.S. Wincuf--Eng. _Wincup_. (_Gaud_, Goth), O.G. Winegaud--Eng.

_Wingood_. (_Gar_, spear), O.G. Wineger, Vinegar--A.S. Winagar--Eng.

_Winegar_, _Vinegar_. (_Hari_, warrior), A.S. Wyner--Eng. _Winer_.

(_Laic_, play), O.G. Winleich--Uinlac _Lib. Vit._--Eng. _Winlock_.

(_Man_, vir), O.G. Winiman--A.S. Winemen--Eng. _Wineman_, _Winmen_.

(_Stan_, stone), A.S. Wynstan--Eng. _Winston_.

_Wig_, _Wick_, "war."

(_Bert_, famous), O.G. Wigbert, Wibert--Eng. _Vibert_. (_Burg_, protection), O.G. Wigburg--Wiburch _Lib. Vit._--Eng. _Wyberg_, _Wybrow_.

(_Hard_, fortis), O.G. Wighard, Wiart--A.S. Wigheard--Uigheard _Lib.

Vit._--Eng. _Wyard_. (_Hari_, warrior), O.G. Wigheri, Wiccar, Wiher--Uigheri _Lib. Vit._--Eng. _Wicker_, _Vicary_, _Wire_. (_Helm_), A.S. Wighelm--Uighelm _Lib. Vit._--Eng. _Whigam_. (_Ram_, raven), O.G.

Wigram--Eng. _Wigram_. (_Mar_, famous), O.G. Wigmar, Wimar--Wimar _Lib.

Vit._--Eng. _Wymer_.[26] (_Gern_, eager), O.G. Wicchern--A.S.

Weogern--Eng. _Waghorn_. (_Had_, war), O.G. Wicod, Wihad--A.S.

WiG.o.d--Eng. _Wiggett_, _Wichett_, _Wyatt_. (_Man_, vir), O.G.

Wigman--Eng. _Wigman_, _Wyman_. (_Ric_, rule), O.G. Wigirich--Eng.

_Vickridge_.

Ang.-Sax. _wulf_, "wolf."

(_Bert_, famous), O.G. Wolfbert--Eng. _Woolbert_. (_Gar_, spear), A.S.

Wulfgar--Eng. _Woolgar_. (_Gaud_, Goth), O.G. Wulfegaud--A.S.

Wulfgeat--Eng. _Woolcot_. (_Hard_, fortis), A.S. Wulfheard--Eng.

_Woollard_. (_Had_, war), O.G. Wolfhad--Eng. _Woollat_. (_Helm_), A.S.

Wulfhelm--Eng. _Woollams_. (_Heh_, high), A.S. Wulfheh--Eng. _Woolley_.

(_Mar_, famous), A.S. Wulfmer--Eng. _Woolmer_. (_Noth_, bold), A.S.

Wulfnoth--Eng. _Woolnoth_. (_Ric_, rule), A.S. Wulfric--Eng. _Woolrych_.

(_Sig_, victory), A.S. Wulfsig--Eng. _Wolsey_. (_Stan_, stone), A.S.

Wulfstan--Eng. _Woolston_.

Ang.-Sax. _ju_, O.H.G. _ewa_ "law."[27]

(_Hari_, warrior), O.G. Euhar--Eng. _Ewer_. (_Man_, vir), O.G.

Eoman--perhaps Iman and Iiman on Roman pottery--Eng. _Yeoman_, _Yeaman_.

(_Ric_, rule), O.G. Eoricus--Eng. _Yorick_. (_Wald_, rule), O.G.

Ewald--Eng. _Ewald_. (_Ward_, guardian), O.G. Euvart--Eng. _Ewart_, _Yeoward_. (_Wolf_), O.G. Eolf--Eng. _Yealfe_.

The foregoing is not put forward as by any means an exhaustive list of the ancient compounds represented in our names, but only of the more common and more important. And there are some ancient stems well represented in other forms, such as those referred to in Chapter II., from which I have not been able to trace any compounds. It will be observed that I have in two or three instances a.s.signed a place to an English name, without finding an ancient form to correspond. This indeed I might have done to a greater extent than I have done, for when we have such a well-defined system, with the same forms of compounds regularly recurring, we may in many cases a.s.sign a place to a name even though the ancient equivalent may not yet have come to light.

FOOTNOTES:

[10] Hence I take to be the name of the fairy king Oberon. Albruna was also the name of a "wise woman" among the ancient Germans referred to by Tacitus.

[11] Probably also A.S. Haluiu--Eng. _Halloway_.

[12] Here probably the name Biracrus, on Roman pottery, corresponding with an O.G. form, Berecar.

[13] Or perhaps of beauty, like a Celtic stem _tac_, found in names of men, and perhaps a corresponding word.

[14] As an ending also _frid_ commonly becomes _free_, as in Humphrey from Humfrid, G.o.dfrey from G.o.dfred, Geoffry from Galfrid.

[15] This name might perhaps be from the Irish Cwaran, whence probably the present _Curran_. This name appears also to have been sometimes borrowed by the Northmen, as in the case of Olaf Cwaran.

[16] But not in a Christian sense, the stem being much older than Christian times. There is another stem _gaud_, supposed to mean Goth, very liable to intermix.

[17] As a prefix this may mean "army," but as an ending, where it is often _hari_ or _heri_ (and perhaps was originally always so), it may be taken, as suggested by Grimm, to mean warrior.

[18] Also as a contracted form, Ang.-Sax. Leommann (=Leofmann, Eng.

_Lemon_).

[19] This seems to be a name of an exceptional kind, the ending _drud_ being a female one. That our name Liptrot (which I take from Lower), is really from the above origin is rendered the more probable by the corresponding name Liebetrut as a present German name, similarly derived by Foerstemann. But it may well be that the ending in this case is from a different word to that which, see p. 19, forms the endings of women's names, viz. O.H.G. _trut_, amicus, which, as a prefix, enters into several men's names.

[20] From the mythological kettle of the G.o.ds, which enters into many Old Norse men's names.

[21] "The Anglo-Saxons seem to have used sallow in the sense of dark.

The raven is called sallow both by Caedmon and the author of Judith,"

_Skeat_. It seems to me, however, a question whether, seeing how frequently the names of nationalities enter into Teutonic men's names, the word contained in the above stem may not be "Salian." This, however, still leaves open the question as to what is the origin of Salian.

[22] A corresponding name may be the Dutch Tadema, if _ma_, as is supposed, stands for _man_.

[23] Probably from the mythological kettle of the aesir.

[24] So many different words might be suggested in this case that the meaning must be left uncertain. It is most probable that there may be an admixture.

[25] Three different words found in ancient names intermix so as to be hardly separable, viz., Anglo-Saxon _wiht_, strength or courage; _wid_, wood; and _wit_, wisdom.