The Grammar of English Grammars Part 31

4. Correct _Burhans_, in the division of the following words: "Boar-der, brigh-ten, cei-ling, frigh-ten, glea-ner, lea-kage, suc-ker, mos-sy, fros-ty, twop-ence, pu-pill-ar-y, crit-i-call-y, gen-er-all-y, lit-er-all-y, log-i-call-y, trag-i-call-y, ar-ti-fici-al, po-liti-call-y, sloth-full-y, spite-full-y, re-all-y, sui-ta-ble, ta-mea-ble, flumm-er-y, nesc-i-ence, shep-her-dess, trav-ell-er, re-pea-ter, re-pressi-on, suc-cessi-on, un-lear-ned."--_Critical p.r.o.nouncing Spelling-Book_:[128]

Philadelphia, 1823.

5. Correct _Marshall_, in the division of the following words: "Trench-er, trunch-eon, dros-sy, glos-sy, glas-sy, gras-sy, dres-ses, pres-ses, cal-ling, chan-ging, en-chan-ging, con-ver-sing, mois-ture, join-ture, qua-drant, qua-drate, trans-gres-sor, dis-es-teem."--_New Spelling-Book_: New York, 1836.

6. Correct _Emerson_, in the division of the following words: "Dus-ty mis-ty, mar-shy, mil-ky, wes-tern, stor-my, nee-dy, spee-dy, drea-ry, fros-ty, pas-sing, roc-ky, bran-chy, bland-ish, pru-dish, eve-ning, a-noth-er."--_National Spelling-Book_: Boston, 1828.

"Two Vowels meeting, each with its full Sound, Always to make Two Syllables are bound."--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 64.

EXERCISE III.--FIGURE OF WORDS.

"I was surprised by the return of my long lost brother."--_Parker's Exercises in English Composition_, p. 5. "Such singular and unheard of clemency cannot be pa.s.sed over by me in silence."--_Ib._, p. 10. "I perceive my whole system excited by the potent stimulus of sun-s.h.i.+ne."--_Ib._, p. 11. "To preserve the unity of a sentence, it is sometimes necessary to employ the case absolute, instead of the verb and conjunction."--_Ib._, p. 17. "Severity and hard hearted opinions accord with the temper of the times."--_Ib._, p. 18. "That poor man was put into the mad house."--_Ib._, p. 22. "This fellow must be put into the poor house."--_Ib._ p. 22. "I have seen the breast works and other defences of earth, that were thrown up."--_Ib._, p. 24. "Cloven footed animals are enabled to walk more easily on uneven ground."--_Ib._, p. 25. "Self conceit blasts the prospects of many a youth."--_Ib._, p. 26. "Not a moment should elapse without bringing some thing to pa.s.s."--_Ib._, p. 36. "A school master decoyed the children of the princ.i.p.al citizens into the Roman camp."--_Ib._, p. 39. "The pupil may now write a description of the following objects. A school room. A steam boat. A writing desk. A dwelling house. A meeting house. A paper mill. A grist mill. A wind mill."--_Ib._, p. 45. "Every metaphor should be founded on a resemblance which is clear and striking; not far fetched, nor difficult to be discovered."--_Ib._, p.

49. "I was reclining in an arbour overhung with honey suckle and jessamine of the most exquisite fragrance."--_Ib._, p. 51. "The author of the following extract is speaking of the slave trade."--_Ib._, p. 60. "The all wise and benevolent Author of nature has so framed the soul of man, that he cannot but approve of virtue."--_Ib._, p. 74. "There is something of self denial in the very idea of it."--_Ib._, p. 75. "Age therefore requires a well spent youth to render it happy."--_Ib._, p. 76. "Pearl-ash requires much labour in its extraction from ashes."--_Ib._, p. 91. "_Club_, or _crump, footed_, Loripes; _Rough_, or _leather, footed_, Plumipes."--_Ainsworth's Dict._

"The honey-bags steal from the humble bees, And for night-tapers crop their waxen thighs."

--SHAK.: _Joh.'s Dict., w. Glowworm._

"The honeybags steal from the b.u.mblebees, And for night tapers crop their waxen thighs."

--SHAK.: _Joh.'s Dict., w. Humblebee._

"The honey bags steal from the humble-bees, And, for night tapers crop their waxen thighs."

--_Dodd's Beauties of Shak._, p. 51.

EXERCISE IV.--SPELLING.

"His antichamber, and room of audience, are little square chambers wainscoted."--ADDISON: _Johnson's Dict., w. Antechamber_. "n.o.body will deem the quicksighted amongst them to have very enlarged views of ethicks."--LOCKE: _Ib., w. Quicksighted_. "At the rate of this thick-skulled blunderhead, every plow-jobber shall take upon him to read upon divinity."--L'ESTRANGE: _Ib., m. Blunderhead_. "On the topmast, the yards, and boltsprit would I flame distinctly."--SHAK.: _Ib., w. Bowsprit_.

"This is the tune of our catch plaid by the picture of n.o.body."--ID.: _Ib., w. n.o.body_. "Thy fall hath left a kind of blot to mark the fulfraught man."--ID.: _Ib., w. Fulfraught_. "Till blinded by some Jack o'Lanthorn sprite."--_Snelling's Gift_, p. 62. "The beauties you would have me eulogise."--_Ib._, p. 14. "They rail at me--I gaily laugh at them."--_Ib._, p. 13. "Which the king and his sister had intrusted to him withall."--_Josephus_, Vol. v, p. 143. "The terms of these emotions are by no means synonimous."--_Rush, on the Voice_, p. 336. "Lillied, _adj._ Embellished with lilies."--_Chalmers's Dict._ "They seize the compendious blessing without exertion and without reflexion."--_Philological Museum_, Vol. i, p. 428. "The first cry that rouses them from their torpour, is the cry that demands their blood."--_Ib._, p. 433. "It meets the wants of elementary schools and deserves to be patronised."--_Kirkham's Gram._, p.

5. "Whose attempts were paralysed by the hallowed sound."--_Music of Nature_, p. 270. "It would be an amusing investigation to a.n.a.lyse their language."--_Ib._, p. 200. "It is my father's will that I should take on me the hostess-s.h.i.+p of the day."--SHAK.: _in Johnson's Dict._ "To retain the full apprehension of them undiminisht."--_Phil. Museum._, Vol. i, p. 458.

"The ayes and noes were taken in the House of Commons."--_Anti-Slavery Mag._, Vol. i, p. 11. "Derivative words are formed by adding letters or syllables to primatives."--_Davenport's Gram._, p. 7. "The minister never was thus harra.s.sed himself."--_Nelson, on Infidelity_, p. 6. "The most vehement politician thinks himself unbia.s.sed in his judgment."--_Ib._, p.

17. "Mistress-s.h.i.+p, _n._ Female rule or dominion."--_Webster's Dict._

"Thus forced to kneel, thus groveling to embrace, The scourge and ruin of my realm and race."

--POPE: _Ash's Gram._, p. 83.

EXERCISE V.--MIXED ERRORS.

"The quince tree is of a low stature; the branches are diffused and crooked."--MILLER: _Johnson's Dict._ "The greater slow worm, called also the blindworm, is commonly thought to be blind, because of the littleness of his eyes."--GREW: _ib._ "Oh Hocus! where art thou? It used to go in another guess manner in thy time."--ARBUTHNOT: _ib._ "One would not make a hotheaded crackbrained c.o.xcomb forward for a scheme of moderation."--ID.: _ib._ "As for you, colonel huff-cap, we shall try before a civil magistrate who's the greatest plotter."--DRYDEN: _ib., w. Huff._ "In like manner, Actions co-alesce with their Agents, and Pa.s.sions with their Patients."--_Harris's Hermes_, p. 263. "These Sentiments are not unusual even with the Philosopher now a days."--_Ib._, p. 350. "As if the Marble were to fas.h.i.+on the Chizzle, and not the Chizzle the Marble."--_Ib._, p.

353. "I would not be understood, in what I have said, to undervalue Experiment."--_Ib._, p. 352. "How therefore is it that they approach nearly to Non-Ent.i.ty's?"--_Ib._, p. 431. "Gluttonise, modernise, epitomise, barbarise, tyranise."--_Churchill's Gram._, pp. 31 and 42. "Now fair befal thee and thy n.o.ble house!"--SHAK.: _ib._, p. 241. "Nor do I think the error above-mentioned would have been so long indulged," &c.--_Ash's Gram._, p.

4. "The editor of the two editions above mentioned was pleased to give this little manuel to the public," &c.--_Ib._, p. 7. "A Note of Admiration denotes a modelation of the voice suited to the expression."--_Ib._, p. 16.

"It always has some respect to the power of the agent; and is therefore properly stiled the potential mode."--_Ib._, p. 29. "Both these are supposed to be synonomous expressions."--_Ib._, p. 105. "An expence beyond what my circ.u.mstances admit."--DODDRIDGE: _ib._, p. 138. "There are four of them: the _Full-Point_, or _Period_; the _Colon_; the _Semi-Colon_; the _Comma_."--_Cobbett's E. Gram._, N. Y., 1818, p. 77. "There are many men, who have been at Latin-Schools for years, and who, at last, cannot write six sentences in English correctly."--_Ib._, p. 39. "But, figures of rhetorick are edge tools, and two edge tools too."--_Ib._, p. 182. "The horse-chesnut grows into a goodly standard."--MORTIMER: _Johnson's Dict._ "Whereever _if_ is to be used."--_O. B. Peirce's Gram._, p. 175.

"Peel'd, patch'd, and pyebald, linsey-woolsey brothers."

--POPE: _Joh. Dict., w., Mummer_.

"Peel'd, patch'd, and piebald, linsey-woolsey brothers."

--_ID.: ib., w. Piebald_.

EXERCISE VI.--MIXED ERRORS.

"Pied, _adj._ [from _pie._] Variegated; partycoloured."--_Johnson's Dict._ "Pie, [_pica_, Lat.] A magpie; a party-coloured bird."--_Ib._ "Gluy, _adj._ [from _glue._] Viscous; tenacious; glutinous."--_Ib._ "Gluey, _a._ Viscous, glutinous. Glueyness. _n._ The quality of being gluey."--_Webster's Dict._ "Old Euclio, seeing a crow-scrat[129] upon the muck-hill, returned in all haste, taking it for an ill sign."--BURTON: _Johnson's Dict._ "Wars are begun by hairbrained[130] dissolute captains."--ID.: _ib._ "A carot is a well known garden root."--_Red Book_, p. 60. "Natural philosophy, metaphysicks, ethicks, history, theology, and politicks, were familiar to him."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 209. "The words in Italicks and capitals, are emphatick."--_Ib._, p. 210. "It is still more exceptionable; Candles, Cherrys, Figs, and other sorts of Plumbs, being sold by Weight, and being Plurals."--_Johnson's Gram. Com._, p. 135. "If the End of Grammar be not to save that Trouble, and Expence of Time, I know not what it is good for."--_Ib._, p. 161. "_Caulce_, Sheep Penns, or the like, has no Singular, according to Charisius."--_Ib._, p. 194. "These busibodies are like to such as reade bookes with intent onely to spie out the faults thereof"--_Perkins's Works_, p. 741. "I think it every man's indispensible duty, to do all the service he can to his country."--_Locke, on Ed._, p. 4.

"Either fretting it self into a troublesome Excess, or flaging into a downright want of Appet.i.te."--_Ib._, p. 23. "And n.o.body would have a child cramed at breakfast."--_Ib._, p. 23. "Judges.h.i.+p and judgment, lodgable and alledgeable, alledgement and abridgment, lodgment and infringement, enlargement and acknowledgment."--_Webster's Dict._, 8vo. "Huckster, _n.

s._ One who sells goods by retail, or in small quant.i.ties; a pedler."--_Johnson's Dict._

"He seeks bye-streets, and saves th' expensive coach."

--GAY: _ib., w. Mortgage._

"He seeks by-streets, and saves th' expensive coach."

--GAY: _ib., w. By-street._

EXERCISE VII.--MIXED ERRORS.

"Boys like a warm fire in a wintry day."--_Webster's El. Spelling-Book_, p.

62. "The lilly is a very pretty flower."--_Ib._, p. 62. "The potatoe is a native plant of America."--_Ib._, p. 60. "An anglicism is a peculiar mode of speech among the English."--_Ib._, p. 136. "Black berries and raspberries grow on briars."--_Ib._, p. 150. "You can broil a beef steak over the coals of fire."--_Ib._, p. 38. "Beef'-steak, _n._ A steak or slice of beef for broiling."--_Webster's Dict._ "Beef'steak, _s._ a slice of beef for broiling."--_Treasury of Knowledge._ "As he must suffer in case of the fall of merchandize, he is ent.i.tled to the corresponding gain if merchandize rises."--_Wayland's Moral Science_, p. 258. "He is the wors.h.i.+pper of an hour, but the worldling for life."--_Maturin's Sermons_, p. 424. "Slyly hinting something to the disadvantage of great and honest men."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 329. "'Tis by this therefore that I Define the Verb; namely, that it is a Part of Speech, by which something is apply'd to another, as to its Subject."--_Johnson's Gram. Com._, p. 255.

"It may sometimes throw a pa.s.sing cloud over the bright hour of gaiety."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 178. "To criticize, is to discover errors; and to crystalize implies to freeze or congele."--_Red Book_, p.

68. "The affectation of using the preterite instead of the participle, is peculiarly aukward; as, he has came."--_Priestley's Grammar_, p. 125. "They are moraly responsible for their individual conduct."--_Cardell's El.

Gram._, p. 21. "An engine of sixty horse power, is deemed of equal force with a team of sixty horses."--_Red Book_, p. 113. "This, at fourpence per ounce, is two s.h.i.+llings and fourpence a week, or six pounds, one s.h.i.+ning and four pence a year."--_Ib._, p. 122. "The tru meening of _parliament_ iz a meeting of barons or peers."--_Webster's Essays_, p. 276. "Several authorities seem at leest to favor this opinion."--_Ib._, p. 277. "That iz, az I hav explained the tru primitiv meening of the word."--_Ib._, p. 276.

"The lords are peers of the relm; that iz, the ancient prescriptiv judges or barons."--_Ib._, p. 274.

"Falshood is folly, and 'tis just to own The fault committed; this was mine alone."

--_Pope, Odys._, B. xxii, l. 168.

EXERCISE VIII--MIXED ERRORS.

"A second verb so nearly synonimous with the first, is at best superfluous."--_Churchill's Gram._, p. 332. "Indicate it, by some mark opposite [to] the word misspelt."--_Abbott's Teacher_, p. 74. "And succesfully controling the tendencies of mind."--_Ib._, p. 24. "It [the Monastick Life] looks very like what we call Childrens-Play."--[LESLIE'S]

_Right of Tythes_, p. 236. "It seems rather lik Playing of Booty, to Please those Fools and Knaves."--_Ib._, Pref., p. vi. "And first I Name Milton, only for his Name, lest the Party should say, that I had not Cousider'd his Performance against Tythes."--_Ib._, p. iv. "His Fancy was too Predominant for his Judgment. His Talent lay so much in Satyr that he hated Reasoning."--_Ib._, p. iv. "He has thrown away some of his Railery against Tythes, and the Church then underfoot."--_Ib._, p. v. "They Vey'd with one another in these things."--_Ib._, p. 220. "Epamanondas was far the most accomplished of the Thebans."--_Cooper's New Gram._, p. 27. "_Whoever_ and _Whichever_, are thus declined. Sing. and Plur. _nom._ whoever, _poss._ whoseever, _obj._ whomever. Sing. and Plu. _nom._ whichever, _poss._ whoseever, _obj._ whichever."--_Ib._, p. 38. "WHEREEVER, _adv._ [_where_ and _ever_.] At whatever place."--_Webster's Dict._ "They at length took possession of all the country south of the Welch mountains."--_Dobson's Comp. Gram._, p. 7. "Those Britains, who refused to submit to the foreign yoke, retired into Wales."--_Ib._, p. 6. "Religion is the most chearful thing in the world."--_Ib._, p. 43. "_Two_ means the number two compleatly, whereas _second_ means only the last of two, and so of all the rest."--_Ib._, p. 44. "Now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose sirname is Peter."--_Ib._, p. 96. (See _Acts_, x, 5.) "In French words, we use _enter_ instead of _inter_; as, entertain, enterlace, enterprize."--_Ib._, p. 101. "Amphiology, i. e. a speech of uncertain or doubtful meaning."--_Ib._, p. 103. "Surprize; as, hah! hey day! what!

strange!"--_Ib._, p. 109. "Names of the letters: ai bee see dee ee ef jee aitch eye jay kay el em en o pee cue ar ess tee you voe double u eks wi zed."--_Rev. W. Allen's Gram._, p. 3.

"I, O, and U, at th' End of Words require, The silent (e), the same do's (va) desire."

--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 15.

EXERCISE IX.--MIXED ERRORS.

"_And_ is written for _eacend_, adding, ekeing."--_Dr. Murray's Hist. of Europ. Lang._, Vol. i, p. 222. "The Hindus have changed _ai_ into _e_, sounded like _e_ in _where_."--_Ib._, Vol. ii, p. 121. "And therefor I would rather see the cruelest usurper than the mildest despot."-- _Philological Museum_, Vol. i, p. 430. "Sufficiently distinct to prevent our marveling."--_Ib._, i, 477. "Possessed of this preheminence he disregarded the clamours of the people."--_Smollett's England_, Vol. iii, p. 222. "He himself, having communicated, administered the sacrament to some of the bye-standers."--_Ib._, p. 222. "The high fed astrology which it nurtured, is reduced to a skeleton on the leaf of an almanac."--_Cardell's Gram._, p. 6. "Fulton was an eminent engineer: he invented steam boats."--_Ib._, p. 30. "Then, in comes the benign lat.i.tude of the doctrine of goodwill."--SOUTH: _in Johnson's Dict._ "Being very lucky in a pair of long lanthorn-jaws, he wrung his face into a hideous grimace."--SPECTATOR: _ib._ "Who had lived almost four-and-twenty years under so politick a king as his father."--BACON: _ib., w. Lowness_. "The children will answer; John's, or William's, or whose ever it may be."--_Infant School Gram._, p.

32. "It is found tolerably easy to apply them, by practising a little guess work."--_Cardell's Gram._, p. 91. "For between which two links could speech makers draw the division line?"--_Ib._, p. 50. "The wonderful activity of the rope dancer who stands on his head."--_Ib._, p. 56. "The brilliancy which the sun displays on its own disk, is sun s.h.i.+ne."--_Ib._, p. 63. "A word of three syllables is termed a trisyllable."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 23; _Coar's_, 17; _Jaudon's_, 13; _Comly's_, 8; _Cooper's, New Gr._, 8; _Kirkham's_, 20; _Picket's_, 10; _Alger's_, 12; _Blair's_, 1; _Guy's_, 2; _Bolles's Spelling-Book_, 161. See _Johnson's Dict._ "A word of three syllables is termed a trissyllable."--_British Gram._, p. 33; _Comprehensive Gram._, 23; _Bicknell's_, 17; _Allen's_, 31; _John Peirce's_, 149; _Lennie's_, 5; _Maltby's_, 8; _Ingersoll's_, 7; _Bradley's_, 66; _Davenport's_, 7; _Bucke's_, 16; _Bolles's Spelling-Book_, 91. See _Littleton's Lat. Dict._ (1.) "_Will_, in the first Persons, promises or threatens: But in the second and third Persons, it barely foretells."--_British Gram._, p. 132. (2.) "_Will_, in the first Persons, promises or threatens; but in the second and third Persons, it barely foretells."--_Buchanan's Gram._, p. 41. (3.) "_Will_, in the first person, promises, engages, or threatens. In the second and third persons, it merely foretels."--_Jaudon's Gram._, p. 59. (4.) "_Will_, in the first person singular and plural, promises or threatens; in the second and third persons, only foretells."--_Lowth's Gram._, p. 41. (5.) "_Will_, in the first person singular and plural, intimates resolution and promising; in the second and third person, only foretels."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 88; _Ingersoll's_, 136; _Fisk's_, 78; _A. Flint's_, 42; _Bullions's_, 32; _Hamlin's_, 41; _Cooper's Murray_, 50. [Fist] _Murray's Second Edition_ has it "_foretells_." (6.) "_Will_, in the first person singular and plural, expresses resolution and promising. In the second and third persons it only foretells."--_Comly's Gram._, p. 38; _E. Devis's_, 51; _Lennie's_, 22. (7.) "_Will_, in the first person, promises. In the second and third persons, it simply foretels."--_Maltby's Gram._, p. 24. (8.) "_Will_, in the first person implies resolution and promising; in the second and third, it foretells."--_Cooper's New Gram._, p. 51. (9.) "_Will_, in the first person singular and plural, promises or threatens; in the second and third persons, only foretels: _shall_, on the contrary, in the first person, simply foretels; in the second and third persons, promises, commands, or threatens."--_Adam's Lat. and Eng. Gram._, p. 83. (10.) "In the first person shall _foretels_, and will _promises_ or _threatens_; but in the second and third persons _will_ foretels, and _shall_ promises or threatens."--_Blair's Gram._, p. 65.

"If Maevius scribble in Apollo's spight, There are who judge still worse than he can write."--_Pope_.

EXERCISE X.--MIXED ERRORS.

"I am liable to be charged that I latinize too much."--DRYDEN: in _Johnson's Dict._ "To mould him platonically to his own idea."--WOTTON: _ib._ "I will marry a wife as beautiful as the houries, and as wise as Zobeide."--_Murray's E. Reader_, p. 148. "I will marry a wife, beautiful as the Houries."--_Wilc.o.x's Gram._, p. 65. "The words in italics are all in the imperative mood."--_Maltby's Gram._, p. 71. "Words Italicised, are emphatick, in various degrees."--_Kirkham's Elocution_, p. 173. "Wherever two gg's come together, they are both hard."--_Buchanan's Gram._, p. 5.

"But these are rather silent (_o_)'s than obscure (_u_)'s."--_Brightland's Gram._, p. 19. "That can be Guest at by us, only from the Consequences."--_Right of Tythes_, p. viii. "He says he was glad that he had Baptized so few; And asks them, Were ye Baptised in the Name of Paul?"--_Ib._, p. ix. "Therefor he Charg'd the Clergy with the Name of Hirelings."--_Ib._, p. viii. "On the fourth day before the first second day in each month."--_The Friend_, Vol. vii, p. 230. "We are not bound to adhere for ever to the terms, or to the meaning of terms, which were established by our ancestors."--_Murray's Gram._, p. 140. "O! learn from him to station quick eyed Prudence at the helm."--_Frosts El. of Gram._, p.

104. "It pourtrays the serene landscape of a retired village."--_Music of Nature_, p. 421. "By stating the fact, in a circ.u.mlocutary manner."--_Booth's Introd. to Dict._, p. 33. "Time as an abstract being is a non-ent.i.ty."--_Ib._, p. 29. "From the difficulty of a.n.a.lysing the multiplied combinations of words."--_Ib._, p. 19. "Drop those letters that are superfluous, as: handful, foretel."--_Cooper's Plain & Pract. Gram._, p. 10. "_Shall_, in the first person, simply foretells."--_Ib._, p. 51.