The Grammar of English Grammars Part 9

ANONYMOUS: _Bucke's Gram._, p. 143.

51. _From an Elegy on Edward I, who reigned till 1307 from 1272_.

"Thah mi tonge were made of stel, Ant min herte yzote of bras, The goodness myht y never telle, That with kyng Edward was: Kyng, as thou art cleped conquerour, In uch battaille thou hadest prys; G.o.d bringe thi soule to the honour, That ever wes ant ever ys.

Now is Edward of Carnavan Kyng of Engelond al aplyght; G.o.d lete him never be worse man Then his fader, ne la.s.se myht, To holden his pore men to ryht, Ant understonde good counsail, Al Engelond for to wysse and dyht; Of G.o.de knyhtes darh him nout fail."

ANON.: _Percy's Reliques_, Vol. ii, p. 10.

VII. ENGLISH OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.

52. _Reign of Henry III, 1272 to 1216.--Example from an old ballad ent.i.tled Richard of Almaigne_; which Percy says was "made by one of the adherents of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, soon after the battle of Lewes, which was fought, May 14, 1264."--_Percy's Reliques_, Vol. ii.

"Sitteth alle stille, and herkneth to me; The kyng of Almaigne, bi mi leaute, Thritti thousent pound askede he For te make the pees in the countre, Ant so he dude more.

Richard, thah thou be ever trichard, Trichten shalt thou never more."

53. In the following examples, I subst.i.tute Roman letters for the Saxon. At this period, we find the characters mixed. The style here is that which Johnson calls "a kind of intermediate diction, neither Saxon nor English."

Of these historical rhymes, by _Robert of Gloucester_, the Doctor gives us more than two hundred lines; but he dates them no further than to say, that the author "is placed by the criticks in the thirteenth century."--_Hist. of Eng. Lang._, p. 24.

"Alfred thys n.o.ble man, as in the ger of grace he nom Eygte hondred and syxty and tuelue the kyndom.

Arst he adde at Rome ybe, and, vor ys grete wysdom, The pope Leo hym blessede, tho he thuder com, And the kynges croune of hys lond, that in this lond gut ys: And he led hym to be kyng, ar he kyng were y wys.

An he was kyng of Engelond, of alle that ther come, That vorst thus ylad was of the pope of Rome, An suththe other after hym of the erchebyssopes echon."

"Clere he was G.o.d ynou, and gut, as me telleth me, He was more than ten ger old, ar he couthe ys abece.

Ac ys G.o.de moder ofte smale gyftes hym tok, Vor to byleue other pie, and loky on ys boke.

So that by por clergye ys rygt lawes he wonde, That neuere er nere y mad to gouerny ys lond."

ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER: _Johnson's Hist. of E. L._, p. 25.

54. _Reign of John_, 1216 _back to_ 1199.--_Subject of Christ's Crucifixion_.

"I syke when y singe for sorewe that y se When y with wypinge bihold upon the tre, Ant se Jhesu the suete ys hert blod for-lete For the love of me; Ys woundes waxen wete, thei wepen, still and mete, Marie reweth me."

ANON.: _Bucke's Gram._, p. 142.

VIII. ENGLISH, OR ANGLO-SAXON, OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY.

55. _Reign of Richard I, 1199 back to 1189.--Owl and Nightingale_.

"Ich was in one sumere dale, In one snive digele pale, I herde ich hold grete tale, An hule and one nightingale.

That plait was stif I stare and strong, Sum wile softe I lud among.

An other again other sval I let that wole mod ut al.

I either seide of otheres custe, That alere worste that hi wuste I hure and I hure of others songe Hi hold plaidung futhe stronge."

ANON.: _Bucke's Gram._, p. 142.

56. _Reign of Henry II, 1189 back to 1154.--Example dated 1180_.

"And of alle than folke The wuneden ther on folde, Wes thisses landes folke Leodene hendest itald; And alswa the wimmen Wunliche on heowen."

G.o.dRIC: _Bucke's Gram._, p. 141.

57. _Example from the Saxon Chronicle, written about 1160_.

"Micel hadde Henri king gadered gold & syluer, and na G.o.d ne dide me for his saule thar of. Tha the king Stephne to Engla-land com, tha macod he his gadering aet Oxene-ford, & thar he nam the biscop Roger of Seres-beri, and Alexander biscop of Lincoln, & te Canceler Roger hife neues, & dide aelle in prisun, til hi jafen up here castles. Tha the suikes undergaeton that he milde man was & softe & G.o.d, & na justise ne dide; tha diden hi alle wunder." See _Johnson's Hist. of the Eng. Language_, p. 22.

58. _Reign of Stephen, 1154 to 1135.--Example written about this time_.

"Fur in see bi west Spaygne.

Is a lond ihone c.o.kaygne.

There nis lond under heuenriche.

Of wel of G.o.dnis. .h.i.t iliche.

Thoy paradis be miri and briyt.

c.o.kaygne is of fairer siyt.

What is ther in paradis.

Bot gra.s.se and flure and greneris.

Thoy ther be ioi and gret dute.

Ther nis met bot aenlic frute.

Ther nis halle bure no bench.

Bot watir manis thurst to quench."

ANON.: _Johnson's Hist. Eng. Lang._, p. 23.

59. _Reign of Henry I, 1135 to 1100.--Part of an Anglo-Saxon Hymn_.

"Heuene & erthe & all that is, Biloken is on his honde.

He deth al that his wille is, On sea and ec on londe.

He is orde albuten orde.

And ende albuten ende.

He one is eure on eche stede, Wende wer thu wende.

He is buuen us and binethen, Biuoren and ec bihind.

Se man that G.o.des wille deth, He mai hine aihwar uinde.

Eche rune he iherth, And wot eche dede.

He durh sighth eches ithanc, Wai hwat sel us to rede.

Se man neure nele don G.o.d, Ne neure G.o.d lif leden, Er deth & dom come to his dure, He mai him sore adreden.

Hunger & thurst, hete & chele, Ecthe and all unhelthe, Durh deth com on this midelard, And other uniselthe.

Ne mai non herte hit ithenche, Ne no tunge telle, Hu muchele pinum and hu uele, Bieth inne h.e.l.le.

Louie G.o.d mid ure hierte, And mid all ure mihte, And ure emcristene swo us self, Swo us lereth drihte."

ANON.: _Johnson's Hist. Eng. Lang._, p. 21.

IX. ANGLO-SAXON OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY, COMPARED WITH ENGLISH.

60. _Saxon,--11th Century_.[50]

LUCae, CAP. I.

"5. On Herodes dagum Iudea cynincges, waes sum sacred on naman Zacharias, of Abian tune: and his wif waes of Aarones dohtrum, and hyre nama waas Elizabeth.

6. Sothlice hig waeron butu rihtwise beforan G.o.de, gangende on eallum his bebodum and rihtwisnessum, butan wrohte.