All About Coffee Part 143

1615--Pietro Della Valle writes a letter from Constantinople to his friend Mario Schipano at Venice that when he returns he will bring with him some coffee, which he believes "is a thing unknown in his native country."

1615--Coffee is introduced into Venice.

1616--The first coffee is brought from Mocha to Holland by Pieter Van dan Broecke.

1620--Peregrine White's wooden mortar and pestle (used for "braying" coffee) is brought to America on the Mayflower by White's parents.

1623-27--Francis Bacon, in his _Historia Vitae et Mortis_ (1623), speaks of the Turks' "caphe"; and in his _Sylva Sylvarum_ (1627) writes: "They have in Turkey a drink called _coffa_ made of a berry of the same name, as black as soot, and of a strong scent ... this drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion."

1625--Sugar is first used to sweeten coffee in Cairo.

1632--Burton in his _Anatomy of Melancholy_ says: "The Turks have a drink called _coffa_, so named from a berry black as soot and as bitter."

1634--Sir Henry Blount makes a voyage to the Levant, and is invited to drink "cauphe" in Turkey.

1637--Adam Olearius, German traveler and Persian scholar, visits Persia (1633-39); and on his return tells how in this year he observed that the Persians drink _chawa_ in their coffee houses.

1637--Coffee drinking is introduced into England by Nathaniel Conopios, a Cretan student at Balliol College, Oxford.

1640--Parkinson, in his _Theatrum Botanic.u.m_, publishes the first botanical description of the coffee plant in English--referred to as "_Arbor Bon c.u.m sua Buna_. The Turkes Berry Drinke."

1640--The Dutch merchant, Wurffbain, offers for sale in Amsterdam the first commercial s.h.i.+pment of coffee from Mocha.

1644--Coffee is introduced into France at Ma.r.s.eilles by P. de la Roque, who brought back also from Constantinople the instruments and vessels for making it.

1645--Coffee comes into general use in Italy.

1645--The first coffee house is opened in Venice.

1647--Adam Olearius publishes in German his _Persian Voyage Description_, containing an account of coffee manners and customs in Persia in 1633-39.

1650[L]--Varnar, Dutch minister resident at the Ottoman Porte, publishes a treatise on coffee.

1650[L]--The individual hand-turned metal (tin-plate or tinned copper) roaster appears; shaped like the Turkish coffee grinder, for use over open fires.

1650--The first coffee house in England is opened at Oxford by Jacobs, a Jew.

1650--Coffee is introduced into Vienna.

1652--The first London coffee house is opened by Pasqua Rosee in St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill.

1652--The first printed advertis.e.m.e.nt for coffee in English appears in the form of a handbill issued by Pasqua Rosee, acclaiming "The Vertue of the Coffee Drink."

1656--Grand Vizier Kuprili, during the war with Candia, and for political reasons, suppresses the coffee houses and prohibits coffee. For the first violation the punishment is cudgeling; for a second, the offender is sewn up in a leather bag and thrown into the Bosporus.

1657--The first newspaper advertis.e.m.e.nt for coffee appears in _The Publick Adviser_ of London.

1657--Coffee is introduced privately into Paris by Jean de Thevenot.

1658--The Dutch begin the cultivation of coffee in Ceylon.

1660[L]--The first French commercial importation of coffee arrives in bales at Ma.r.s.eilles from Egypt.

1660--Coffee is first mentioned in the English statute books when a duty of four pence is laid upon every gallon made and sold "to be paid by the maker."

1660[L]--Nieuhoff, Dutch amba.s.sador to China, is the first to make a trial of coffee with milk, in imitation of tea with milk.

1660--Elford's "white iron" machine for roasting coffee is much used in England, being "turned on a spit by a jack."

1662--Coffee is roasted in Europe over charcoal fires without flame, in ovens, and on stoves; being "browned in uncovered earthenware tart dishes, old pudding pans, fry pans."

1663--All English coffee houses are required to be licensed.

1663--Regular imports of Mocha coffee begin at Amsterdam.

1665--The improved Turkish long bra.s.s combination coffee grinder with folding handle and cup receptacle for green beans, for boiling and serving, is first made in Damascus. About this period the Turkish coffee set, including long-handled boiler and porcelain cups in bra.s.s holders, comes into vogue.

1668--Coffee is introduced into North America.

1669--Coffee is introduced publicly into Paris by Soliman Aga, the Turkish amba.s.sador.

1670--Coffee is roasted in larger quant.i.ties in small closed sheet-iron cylinders having long iron handles designed to turn them in open fireplaces. First used in Holland. Later, in France, England, and the United States.

1670--The first attempt to grow coffee in Europe at Dijon, France, results in failure.

1670--Coffee is introduced into Germany.

1670--Coffee is first sold in Boston.

1671--The first coffee house in France is opened in Ma.r.s.eilles in the neighborhood of the Exchange.

1671--The first authoritative printed treatise devoted solely to coffee, written in Latin by Faustus Nairon, professor of Oriental languages, Rome, is published in that city.

1671--The first printed treatise in French, largely devoted to coffee, _Concerning the Use of Coffee, Tea and Chocolate_, by Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, purporting to be a translation from the Latin, is published at Lyons.

1672--Pascal, an Armenian, first sells coffee publicly at St.

Germain's fair, Paris, and opens the first Parisian coffee house.

1672--Great silver coffee pots (with all the utensils belonging to them of the same metal) are used at St.-Germain's fair, Paris.

1674--_The Women's Pet.i.tion Against Coffee_ is published in London.

1674--Coffee is introduced into Sweden.

1675--Charles II issues a proclamation to close all London coffee houses as places of sedition. Order revoked on pet.i.tion of the traders in 1676.

1679--An attempt by the physicians of Ma.r.s.eilles to discredit coffee on purely dietetic grounds fails of effect; and consumption increases at such a rate that traders in Lyons and Ma.r.s.eilles begin to import the green bean by the s.h.i.+p-load from the Levant.