All About Coffee Part 150

1900--Chemically purified and neutralized rosin as a glaze (_harz-glasur_) for roasted coffee, designed to keep it fresh and palatable, is first discovered and applied in Germany.

1900--Charles Lewis is granted a United States patent on his Kin Hee filter coffee pot.

1900-1901--A new era in coffee is inaugurated when Santos permanently displaces Rio as the world's largest source of supply.

1901--Kato's soluble coffee is put on the United States market by the Kato Coffee Company at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo.

1901--American Can Co. begins the manufacture and sale of tin coffee cans in the United States.

1901--Improved all-paper cans for coffee (made of strawboard or chip-board, plain or manila-lined) are introduced into the United States market by J.H. Kuechenmeister of St. Louis.

1901--The first issue of _The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal_, devoted to the interests of the tea and coffee trades, appears in New York.

1901--Coffee cultivation is introduced into British East Africa from Reunion Island.

1901--Robert Burns of New York is granted two United States patents on a coffee roaster and cooler.

1901--Joseph Lambert of Marshall, Mich., introduces to the trade in the United States a gas coffee roaster, one of the earliest machines employing gas as fuel for indirect roasting.

1901--T.C. Morewood, Brentford, Middles.e.x, Eng., is granted an English patent on a gas coffee roaster with a removable sampling tube.

1901--F.T. Holmes joins the Huntley Manufacturing Co., Silver Creek, N.Y., which then begins to build the Monitor coffee roaster for the trade.

1901--Landers, Frary & Clark's Universal percolator is patented in the United States.

1902--The Coles Manufacturing Co. (Braun Co., successors) and Henry Troemner, Philadelphia, begin the manufacture and sale of gear-driven electric coffee grinders.

1902--The Pan-American Congress, meeting in Mexico City, proposes an international congress for the study of coffee, to meet in New York, October, 1902.

1902--An international coffee congress is held in New York, October 1 to October 30.

1902--_Robusta_ coffee is introduced into Java from the Jardin Botanique at Brussels.

1902--The first fancy duplex paper bag made by machinery from a roll of paper is produced by the Union Bag & Paper Corp.

1902--The Jagenberg Machine Co. begins the introduction into the United States of a line of German-made automatic packaging-and-labeling machines for coffee.

1902--T.K. Baker, Minneapolis, is granted two United States patents on a cloth-filter coffee maker.

1903--A United States patent on a coffee concentrate and process of making the same (soluble coffee) is granted to Sartori Kato of Chicago, a.s.signor to the Kato Coffee Company of Chicago.

1903--F.A. Cauchois introduces Coffey's soluble coffee to the United States coffee trade, the product being ground roasted coffee mixed with sugar and reduced to a powder.

1903--Overproduction in Brazil causes Santos 4's to drop to 3.55 cents on the New York Exchange, the lowest price ever recorded for coffee.

1903--John Arbuckle, New York, is granted a United States patent on a coffee-roasting apparatus, employing a fan to force the "hot fire gases" into the roasting cylinder.

1903--George C. Lester, New York, is granted a United States patent on an electric coffee roaster.

1904--Dr. E. Denekamp is granted a United States patent on a rosin glaze for roasted coffee, designed to preserve its flavor and aroma.

1904--The so-called "cotton crowd," under the leaders.h.i.+p of D.J.

Sully, forces green-coffee prices up to 11.85 cents, all records for business on the New York Coffee Exchange being smashed by the sale of over a million bags on February 5.

1904--Sigmund Sternau, J.P. Steppe, and L. Stra.s.sberger, a.s.signors to S. Sternau & Co., New York, are granted a United States patent on a coffee percolator.

1904-05--Douglas Gordon, a.s.signor to Marcus Mason & Co., New York, is granted United States patents on a coffee pulper and a coffee drier.

1905--The A.J. Deer Co., Buffalo (now at Hornell, N.Y.), begins the sale of its Royal electric coffee mills direct to dealers, on the instalment plan, revolutionizing the former practise of selling coffee mills through the hardware jobbers.

1905--The Henneman direct-flame gas coffee roaster, a Dutch machine, is introduced into the United States market by C.A. Cross, Fitchburg, Ma.s.s.

1905--H.L. Johnston is granted a United States patent on a coffee mill which he a.s.signs to the Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio.

1905--Frederick A. Cauchois introduces his Private Estate coffee maker, a filtration device employing j.a.panese filter paper.

1905--Finley Acker, Philadelphia, is granted a United States patent on a coffee percolator, employing "porous or bibulous paper" as a filtering medium and having side perforations.

1905--A coffee exchange is opened in Trieste, Austria-Hungary.

1905--The Kaffee-Handels Aktiengesellschaft, Bremen, is granted a German patent on a process for freeing coffee from caffein.

1906--H.D. Kelly, Kansas City, Mo., is granted a United States patent on the Kellum Thermo Automatic coffee urn, employing a coffee extractor in which the ground coffee is continually agitated before percolation by a vacuum process. Sixteen patents follow.

1906--G. Was.h.i.+ngton, an American chemist (born in Belgium of English parents), living temporarily in Guatemala City, invents a refined (soluble) coffee.

1906--Frank T. Holmes, Brooklyn (a.s.signor to the Huntley Manufacturing Co.), is granted a patent for an improvement on a coffee-roasting machine.

1906--Captain Moegling's electric-fuel coffee roaster, invented in 1900, is given a practical demonstration in Germany.

1906--Ludwig Schmidt, a.s.signor to the Essmueller Mill Furnis.h.i.+ng Co., St. Louis, is granted a United States patent on a coffee roaster.

1906-07--Brazil produces a record-breaking crop of 20,190,000 bags, and the State of So Paulo inaugurates a plan to valorize coffee.

1907--The Pure Food and Drugs Act comes into force in the United States, making it obligatory to label all coffees correctly.

1907--Desiderio Pavoni, Milan, is granted a patent in Italy for an improvement on the Bezzara system of preparing and serving coffee as a rapid infusion of a single cup.

1907--P.E. Edtbauer (Mrs. E. Edtbauer), Chicago, is granted a United States patent on a duplex automatic weighing machine, the first simple, fast, accurate, and moderate-priced machine for weighing coffee.

1908--Dr. John Friederick Meyer, Jr., Ludwig Roselius, and Karl Heinrich Wimmer, are granted a United States patent on a process for freeing coffee of caffein.

1908--Brazil begins a propaganda for coffee in England by subsidizing an English company organized for that purpose.

1908--Porto Rico coffee planters present a memorial to the Congress of the United States asking for a protective tariff of six cents a pound on all foreign coffee.

1908--The revivification of the valorization coffee enterprise is accomplished by a combination of bankers and the Brazil Government, with a loan of $75,000,000 placed through Hermann Sielcken with banking houses in England, Germany, France, Belgium, and the United States.