The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 106

12. Calluna. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted. Leaves minute, opposite, imbricate.

Tribe IV. RHODODENDREae. Fruit a septicidal capsule. Corolla deciduous.

[*] Anther-cells opening by a hole or c.h.i.n.k at the top.

[+] Flowers not from scaly buds; the bracts leaf-like or coriaceous.

13. Bryanthus. Corolla ovate or urn-shaped. Leaves narrow and heath-like.

14. Kalmia. Corolla broadly bell-shaped or wheel-shaped, with 10 pouches receiving as many anthers. Leaves oblong or linear.

[+][+] Flowers developed from large scaly buds, the scales or bracts caducous.

15. Menziesia. Corolla globular-bell-shaped, 4-toothed. Stamens 8.

Leaves deciduous.

16. Rhododendron. Flowers usually 5-merous. Corolla bell-shaped or funnel-form, lobed or parted, often somewhat irregular. Leaves deciduous or evergreen.

17. Ledum. Corolla regular, all 5 petals nearly separate. Stamens 5--10.

Leaves evergreen.

[*][*] Anther-cells opening lengthwise. Leaves evergreen. Bud-scales firm and persistent.

18. Leiophyllum. Corolla of 5 separate petals. Stamens 10, exserted.

19. Loiseleuria. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Stamens 5, included.

SUBORDER III. Pyroleae. (PYROLA FAMILY.) Calyx free from the ovary.

Corolla polypetalous. Anthers extrorse in the bud, opening by pores at the base (inverted in the flower). Seeds with a loose and translucent cellular coat much larger than the nucleus.

Tribe I. CLETHREae. Shrubs or trees, with deciduous foliage (in ours).

Pollen-grains simple. Capsule 3-celled.

20. Clethra. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10. Style 3-cleft at the apex.

Tribe II. PYROLEae. Herbs or nearly so, with evergreen foliage.

Pollen-grains compound. Capsules 5- (rarely 4-) celled.

21. Chimaphila. Stems leafy. Flowers corymbed or umbelled. Petals widely spreading. Style very short and top-shaped. Valves of the capsule smooth on the edges.

22. Moneses. Scape 1-flowered. Petals widely spreading. Style straight, exserted; stigma 5-rayed. Valves of the capsule smooth on the edges.

23. Pyrola. Acaulescent. Flowers in a raceme. Petals not widely spreading. Filaments awl-shaped. Style long. Valves of the capsule cobwebby on the edges.

SUBORDER IV. Monotropeae. (INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY.) Flowers nearly as in Suborders 2 or 3, but the plants herbaceous, root-parasitic, entirely dest.i.tute of green foliage, and with the aspect of Beech-drops. Seeds as in Suborder 3.

[*] Corolla monopetalous; anthers 2-celled.

24. Pterospora. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed; anthers 2-awned on the back, opening lengthwise.

25. Schweinitzia. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-lobed; anthers opening at the top.

[*][*] Corolla of 4 or 5 separate petals; calyx imperfect or bract-like.

26. Monotropa. Petals narrow. Anthers kidney-shaped, opening across the top.

1. GAYLUSSaCIA, HBK. HUCKLEBERRY.

Corolla tubular, ovoid, or bell-shaped; the border 5-cleft. Stamens 10; anthers awnless; the cells tapering upward into more or less of a tube, opening by a c.h.i.n.k at the end. Fruit a berry-like drupe, containing 10 seed-like nutlets.--Branching shrubs, with the aspect of Vaccinium, commonly sprinkled with resinous dots; the flowers (white tinged with purple or red) in lateral and bracted racemes. (Named for the distinguished chemist, _Gay-Lussac_.)

[*] _Leaves thick and evergreen, somewhat serrate, not resinous-dotted._

1. G. brachcera, Gray. (BOX-HUCKLEBERRY.) Very smooth (1 high); leaves oval, finely crenate-toothed; racemes short and nearly sessile; pedicels very short; corolla cylindrical-bell-shaped.--Wooded hills, Perry Co., Penn., to Del. and Va. May.--Leaves resembling those of the Box.

[*][*] _Leaves deciduous, entire, sprinkled more or less with resinous or waxy atoms._

2. G. dumsa, Torr. & Gray. (DWARF HUCKLEBERRY.) _Somewhat hairy_ and glandular, low (1--5 high from a creeping base), bushy; _leaves_ obovate-oblong, _mucronate, green both sides_, rather thick and s.h.i.+ning when old; racemes elongated; _bracts leaf-like, oval, persistent, as long as the pedicels; ovary bristly or glandular_; corolla bell-shaped, fruit black (insipid).--Var. HIRTeLLA has the young branchlets, racemes, and often the leaves hairy.--Sandy swamps, Newf., along the coast to Fla. and La.; the var. chiefly southward. June.

3. G. frondsa, Torr. & Gray. (BLUE TANGLE. DANGLEBERRY.) _Smooth_ (3--6 high); branches slender and divergent; _leaves_ obovate-oblong, blunt, _pale, glaucous beneath_; racemes slender, loose, _bracts oblong or linear, deciduous, shorter than the slender drooping pedicels_; corolla globular-bell-shaped; fruit dark blue with a white bloom (sweet and edible).--Low copses, coast of N. Eng. and mountains of Penn. to Ky., south to La. and Fla. May, June.

4. G. resinsa, Torr. & Gray. (BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.) Much branched, rigid, _slightly p.u.b.escent_ when young (1--3 high), _leaves_ oval, oblong-ovate or oblong, thickly clothed and at first _clammy, as well as the flowers, with s.h.i.+ning resinous globules_, racemes short, cl.u.s.tered, one-sided; pedicels about the length of the flowers; _bracts and bractlets (reddish) small and deciduous_, corolla ovoid-conical, or at length cylindrical with an open mouth; fruit black, without bloom (pleasant, very rarely white).--Rocky woodlands and swamps, Newf. to Minn., south to N. Ga. May, June.--The common _Huckleberry_ of the markets.

2. VACCiNIUM, L. BLUEBERRY. BILBERRY. CRANBERRY.

Corolla various in shape; the limb 4--5-cleft, revolute. Stamens 8 or 10; anthers sometimes 2-awned on the back; the cells separate and prolonged upward into a tube, opening by a hole at the apex. Berry 4--5-celled, many-seeded, or sometimes 8--10-celled by a false part.i.tion stretching from the back of each cell to the placenta.--Shrubs with solitary, cl.u.s.tered, or racemed flowers; the corolla white or reddish.

(Ancient Latin name, of obscure derivation.)

-- 1. BATODeNDRON. _Corolla open-campanulate, 5-lobed; anthers with long tubes, and 2-awned on the back; berry (hardly edible) spuriously 10-celled; leaves deciduous but firm; flowers solitary or in leafy-bracted racemes, slender-pedicelled._

1. V. arbreum, Marshall. (FARKLE-BERRY.) _Tall_ (6--25 high), smoothish; leaves obovate to oblong, entire or denticulate, mucronate, bright green, s.h.i.+ning above, at the south evergreen; _corolla white; anthers included_; berries black, globose, small, many-seeded.--Sandy soil, S. Ill. to Tex., Fla., and N. C.

2. V. stamineum, L. (DEERBERRY. SQUAW HUCKLEBERRY.) Diffusely branched (2--3 high), somewhat p.u.b.escent; leaves ovate or oval, pale, glaucous or whitish underneath; _corolla greenish-white or purplish; anthers much exserted_; berries greenish or yellowish, globular or pear-shaped, large, few-seeded.--Dry woods, Maine to Minn., south to Fla. and La.

-- 2. CYANOCoCCUS. (BLUEBERRIES.) _Corolla cylindraceous to campanulate, 5-toothed; filaments hairy; anthers included, awnless; berry (sweet and edible) blue or black with bloom, completely or incompletely 10-celled; flowers in fascicles or short racemes, short-pedicelled, appearing from large scaly buds with or before the leaves._

[*] _Corolla cylindraceous when developed._

3. V. virgatum, Ait. Low, more or less p.u.b.escent; leaves ovate-oblong to cuneate-lanceolate, usually acute and minutely serrulate, thinnish, s.h.i.+ning at least above; flower-cl.u.s.ters sometimes virgate on naked branches; corolla rose-color; berry black.--In swamps, south of our range, but represented by

Var. tenellum, Gray. Low form, mostly small-leaved, with smaller nearly white flowers in shorter or closer cl.u.s.ters.--Va. to Ark., and southward.

[*][*] _Corolla shorter and broader._ (BLUEBERRIES or BLUE HUCKLEBERRIES.)

4. V. Pennsylvanic.u.m, Lam. (DWARF BLUEBERRY.) Dwarf (6--15' high), smooth, with green warty stems and branches; _leaves lanceolate or oblong, distinctly serrulate with bristle-pointed teeth, smooth and s.h.i.+ning both sides_ (or sometimes downy on the midrib underneath); corolla short, cylindrical-bell-shaped; berries bluish-black and glaucous.--Dry hills, N. J. to Ill., north to Newf. and Sask. The lowest and earliest ripened of the blueberries.--Var. ANGUSTIFLIUM, Gray; a dwarfer high-mountain or northern form, with narrower lanceolate leaves.--White Mts. of N. H., Newf., and far northward.

5. V. Canadense, Kalm. Low (1--2 high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, entire, downy both sides_, as well as the crowded branchlets; corolla shorter; otherwise as the last.--Swamps or moist woods, N. New Eng. to mountains of Penn., Ill., Minn., and northward.