The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 133

4. Phryma. Flowers in slender spikes. Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Fruit an achene.

1. VERBeNA, Tourn. VERVAIN.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the others. Corolla tubular, often curved, salver-form; the border somewhat unequally 5-cleft. Stamens included; the upper pair occasionally without anthers. Style slender; stigma mostly 2-lobed. Fruit splitting into 4 seed-like nutlets.--Flowers sessile, in single or often panicled spikes, bracted; produced all summer. (The Latin name for any sacred herb; derivation obscure.)--The species present numerous spontaneous hybrids.

-- 1. _Anthers not appendaged; flowers small, in narrow spikes._

[*] _Spikes filiform, with flowers or at least fruits scattered, naked, the inconspicuous bracts shorter than the calyx._

V. OFFICINaLIS, L. (EUROPEAN V.) Annual, glabrous or nearly so, loosely branched (1--3 high); _leaves pinnatifid or 3-cleft, oblong-lanceolate_, sessile, smooth above, the lobes cut and toothed; spikes panicled; _flowers purplish_, very small.--Roadsides and old fields, N. J. to Minn., south to Tex., and westward. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. V. urticaeflia, L. (WHITE V.) Perennial, from minutely p.u.b.escent to almost glabrous, rather tall (3--5 high); _leaves oval or oblong-ovate, acute, coa.r.s.ely serrate, petioled_; spikes at length much elongated, loosely panicled; flowers very small, _white_.--Waste or open grounds.

(Trop. Am.)

[*][*] _Spikes thicker or densely flowered; the fruits crowded, mostly overlapping each other; bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers; perennial._

2. V. angustiflia, Michx. Low (6--18' high), often simple; _leaves narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish_, slightly toothed; spikes few or single; the purple flowers crowded, larger than in the next.--Dry or sandy ground, Ma.s.s. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark.

3. V. hastata, L. (BLUE VERVAIN.) Tall (4--6 high); _leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, _petioled, the lower often lobed and sometimes halberd-shaped_ at base; _spikes linear, erect_, corymbed or panicled; flowers blue.--Waste grounds and roadsides; common.

4. V. stricta, Vent. (h.o.a.rY V.) _Downy with soft whitish hairs_, erect, simple or branched (1--2 high); _leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, serrate_; _spikes thick_, somewhat cl.u.s.tered, hairy; flowers rather large, purple.--Barrens and prairies, Ohio to Dak., south to Tex. and N. Mex.

[*][*][*] _Spikes thick, sessile and leafy-bracted; annual._

5. V. bractesa, Michx. Widely spreading or proc.u.mbent, hairy; leaves wedge-lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid or 3-cleft, short-petioled; spikes single, remotely flowered; bracts large, the lower pinnatifid, longer than the small purple flowers.--Prairies and waste grounds, Ohio to Minn., south and westward.

-- 2. _Anthers of the longer stamens glandular-tipped; flowers showy, from depressed-capitate becoming spicate._

6. V. bipinnatifida, Nutt. _Hispid-hirsute_, --1 high; _leaves_ (1--4' long) _bipinnately parted_, or 3-parted into more or less bipinnatifid divisions, the lobes commonly linear or broader; _bracts mostly surpa.s.sing the calyx_; limb of bluish-purple or lilac corolla 4--5" _broad_.--Plains and prairies, Kan. to Ark. and Tex., and westward.

7. V. Aubletia, L. Slender, 1 high or less, _soft-p.u.b.escent or glabrate_; _leaves_ (1--2' long) _ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, with a wedge-shaped base, incisely lobed and toothed_, often more deeply 3-cleft; _bracts shorter than or equalling the calyx_; limb of reddish-purple or lilac (rarely white) corolla 6--8" _broad_.--Open woods and prairies, Ind. and Ill. to Fla., Ark., and N. Mex.

2. LiPPIA, Houst.

Calyx short, often flattened, 2--4-toothed, or 2-lipped. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched, the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma obliquely capitate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. (Dedicated to _Augustus Lippi_, an Italian naturalist and traveller.)

1. L. lanceolata, Michx. (FOG-FRUIT.) _Creeping extensively, roughish, green; leaves oblanceolate or wedge-spatulate_, serrate above; _peduncles axillary, slender, exceeding the leaves_, bearing solitary closely bracted heads of bluish-white flowers; _bracts mucronate or pointless_.--River-banks, E. Penn. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.

July--Sept.

2. L. cuneiflia, Steud. Diffusely branched from a woody base, proc.u.mbent _(not creeping), minutely canescent throughout; leaves rigid, cuneate-linear_, incisely 2--6-toothed above the middle; peduncles axillary, _mostly shorter than the leaves_; bracts rigid, broadly cuneate, _abruptly ac.u.minate_; corolla white (?).--Plains, W. Neb. to central Kan. and Arizona.

3. CALLICaRPA, L.

Calyx 4--5-toothed, short. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped, 4--5-lobed, nearly regular. Stamens 4, nearly equal, exserted; anthers opening at the apex. Style slender, thickened upward. Fruit a small berry-like drupe, with 4 nutlets.--Shrubs, with scurfy p.u.b.escence, and small flowers in axillary cymes. (Name formed of ??????, _beauty_, and ?a?p??, _fruit_.)

1. C. Americana, L. (FRENCH MULBERRY.) Leaves ovate-oblong with a tapering base, ac.u.minate, toothed, whitish beneath; cymes many-flowered; calyx obscurely 4-toothed; corolla bluish; fruit violet-color.--Rich soil, Va. to Tex., thence north to Mo. May--July.

4. PHR?MA, L. LOPSEED.

Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped; the upper lip of 3 bristle-awl-shaped teeth; the lower shorter, 2-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched; the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dry, in the bottom of the calyx, oblong, 1-celled and 1-seeded. Seed orthotropous. Cotyledons convolute round their axis.--A perennial herb, with slender branching stems, and coa.r.s.ely toothed ovate leaves, the lower long-petioled; the small opposite flowers in elongated and slender terminal spikes, strictly reflexed in fruit. Corolla purplish or rose-color. (Derivation of the name unknown.)

1. P. Leptostachya, L. Plant 2--3 high; leaves 3--5' long, thin; calyx strongly ribbed and closed in fruit, the long slender teeth hooked at the tip.--Moist and open woods, common. (E. Asia.)

ORDER 82. l.a.b.i.aTae. (MINT FAMILY.)

_Chiefly herbs, with square stems, opposite aromatic leaves, more or less 2-lipped corolla, didynamous or diandrous stamens, and a deeply 4-lobed ovary, which forms in fruit 4 little seed-like nutlets or achenes, surrounding the base of the single style in the bottom of the persistent calyx, each filled with a single erect seed._--Nutlets smooth or barely roughish and fixed by their base, except in the first tribe.

Alb.u.men mostly none. Embryo straight (except in Scutellaria); radicle at the base of the fruit. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed or sometimes entire; the lower 3-lobed. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla.

Style 2-lobed at the apex. Flowers axillary, chiefly in cymose cl.u.s.ters, these often aggregated in terminal spikes or racemes. Foliage mostly dotted with small glands containing a volatile oil, upon which depends the warmth and aroma of the plants of this large and well-known family.

I. Nutlets rugose-reticulated, attached obliquely or ventrally; ovary merely 4-lobed.

Tribe I. AJUGOIDEae. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel, mostly exserted from the upper side of the corolla. Calyx 5--10-nerved.

[*] Limb of corolla merely oblique, of 5 nearly equal and similar lobes.

1. Trichostema. Corolla lobes all declined. Calyx oblique. Stamens exserted.

2. Isanthus. Calyx bell shaped. Corolla small, the lobes spreading.

Stamens included.

[*][*] Limb of corolla irregular, seemingly unil.a.b.i.ate, the upper lip being either split down or very short; stamens exserted from the cleft.

3. Teucrium. Corolla deeply cleft between the 2 small lobes of the upper lip.

4. Ajuga. Corolla with a very short and as if truncate upper lip.

II. Nutlets smooth or granulate; scar basal, small; ovary deeply 4-parted.

Tribe II. SATUREINEae. Upper pair of stamens shorter or wanting; anthers 2-celled. Upper lip of corolla not galeate or concave.

[*] Flowers in loose terminal panicled racemes; calyx 2-lipped, enlarged and declined in fruit.

5. Collinsonia. Lower lobe of corolla fimbriate, much the largest.

Stamens 2.

6. Perilla. Corolla short, the lower lobe little larger. Stamens 4, included.

[*][*] Flowers in more or less crowded cl.u.s.ters or whorls, axillary or spicate.

[+] Corolla not evidently 2-lipped, but almost equally 4-lobed, small.

Stamens erect, distant.

7. Mentha. Fertile stamens 4, nearly equal.