The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 135

1. T. dichotomum, L. (b.a.s.t.a.r.d PENNYROYAL.) Viscid with rather minute p.u.b.escence; _leaves lance-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate_, rarely lance-linear, short-petioled.--Sandy fields, E. Ma.s.s. to Ky., south to Fla. and Tex.

2. T. lineare, Nutt. p.u.b.erulent, more slender and less forked; _leaves linear_, nearly smooth.--Conn. to La., near the coast; in sandy ground.

2. ISaNTHUS, Michx. FALSE PENNYROYAL.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-lobed, equal, enlarged in fruit. Corolla little longer than the calyx; the border bell-shaped, with 5 nearly equal and obovate spreading lobes. Stamens 4, slightly didynamous, incurved-ascending, scarcely exceeding the corolla.--A low, much branched annual, clammy-p.u.b.escent, with nearly entire lance-oblong 3-nerved leaves, and small pale blue flowers on axillary 1--3-flowered peduncles. (Name from ?s??, _equal_, and ?????, _flower_, referring to the almost regular corolla.)

1. I. caeruleus, Michx. Corolla 2--3" long, little exceeding the calyx.--Dry or sterile ground, Maine to Ill., Minn., and southward.

July, August.

3. TEuCRIUM, Tourn. GERMANDER.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, oblong, turned forward, so that there seems to be no upper lip; the lower lobe much larger. Stamens 4, exserted from the deep cleft between the 2 upper lobes of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. (Named for _Teucer_, king of Troy.)

1. T. Canadense, L. (AMERICAN GERMANDER. WOOD SAGE.) Perennial, _downy_, erect (1--3 high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rounded at base, short-petioled, h.o.a.ry underneath, the floral scarcely longer than the oblique unequally-toothed calyx; whorls about 6-flowered, crowded in a long and simple wand-like spike; _calyx canescent, the 3 upper lobes very obtuse_ or the middle one acutish; corolla purple, rose, or sometimes cream-color (6" long).--Low grounds; not rare. July--Sept.

2. T. occidentale, Gray. _Loosely p.u.b.escent; calyx villous with viscid hairs, the upper lobes acute or middle one ac.u.minate_; corolla 4--5"

long; other wise like the last.--A western form, from Neb.

southwestward, and extending eastward (Ont., and near Philadelphia).

4. aJUGA, L.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with very short and as if truncate upper lip; the large and spreading lower lip with the middle lobe emarginate or 2-cleft. Stamens as in Teucrium, but anther-cells less confluent. (From a- privative, and ????? (Latin _jugum_), _yoke_, from the seeming absence of a yoke-fellow to the lower lip of the corolla.)

A. RePTANS, L. Perennial, about 1 high, with copious creeping stolons; leaves obovate or spatulate, sometimes sinuate, the cauline sessile, the floral approximate, subtending several sessile blue flowers.--Naturalized near Saco, Maine, Montreal, etc. (Eu., N. Asia.)

5. COLLINSNIA, L. HORSE-BALM.

Calyx ovate, enlarged and declined in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip truncate and flattened, 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla elongated, expanded at the throat, somewhat 2-lipped, the tube with a bearded ring within; the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, but the lower much larger and longer, pendent, toothed or lacerate-fringed. Stamens 2 (sometimes 4, the upper pair shorter), much exserted, diverging; anther-cells divergent.--Strong-scented perennials, with large ovate leaves, and yellowish flowers on slender pedicels, in loose and panicled terminal racemes. (Named in honor of _Peter Collinson_, a well-known patron of science and correspondent of Linnaeus, who introduced it into England.)

1. C. Canadensis, L. (RICH-WEED. STONE-ROOT.) Nearly smooth (1--3 high); leaves serrate, pointed, petioled (3--6' long); panicle loose; corolla 8--9" long, lemon-scented; stamens 2.--Rich moist woods, N.

Brunswick to Wisc., south to Fla. and Mo. July--Sept.

6. PERiLLA, L.

Calyx as in Collinsonia. Corolla-tube included, the limb 5-cleft; lower lobe a little larger. Stamens 4, included, erect, distant.--Coa.r.s.e aromatic annual, with small flowers in panicled and axillary racemes. (A Greek and Latin proper name.)

P. OCYMODES, L. Erect, branching, 2--3 high; leaves ovate, coa.r.s.ely toothed; flowers white.--About dwellings and roadsides, S. Ill.

(_Schneck._) (Adv. from E. Asia.)

7. MeNTHA, Tourn. MINT.

Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, 5-toothed, equal or nearly so. Corolla with a short included tube; the bell-shaped border somewhat equally 4-cleft; the upper lobe broadest, entire or notched. Stamens 4, equal, erect, distant.--Odorous perennial herbs; the small flowers mostly in close cl.u.s.ters, forming axillary capitate whorls, sometimes approximated in interrupted spikes, produced in summer, of two sorts as to the fertility of the stamens in most species. Corolla pale purple or whitish. Species mostly adventive or naturalized from Europe, with many hybrids. (????? of Theophrastus, from a Nymph of that name, fabled to have been changed into Mint by Proserpine.)

[*] _Spikes narrow and leafless, densely crowded; leaves sessile or nearly so._

M. SYLVeSTRIS, L. (HORSE MINT of Eu.) _Finely p.u.b.escent or canescent; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate_, acute, sharply serrate, often glabrous above; spikes rather slender, _canescently p.u.b.escent_.--Roadsides, etc., Penn.--Var. ALOPECURODES, Baker. Leaves larger, more nearly sessile, broadly oval and obtuse, often subcordate, coa.r.s.ely serrate, more veiny, but not rugose; approaching the next.--Penn. and N. J.

M. ROTUNDIFLIA, L. _Soft-hairy_ or downy; _leaves_ broadly elliptical to _round-ovate_ and somewhat heart-shaped, _rugose_, crenate-toothed; spikes slender, _not canescent_.--Atlantic States, at a few stations, Maine to Tex.

M. ViRIDIS, L. (SPEARMINT.) _Nearly smooth; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate_, unequally serrate; bracts linear-lanceolate and subulate, conspicuous.--Wet places; in all cultivated districts.

[*][*] _Flowers pedicellate, less crowded, in interrupted leafless spikes, or some in the upper axils; leaves petioled._

M. PIPERTA, L. (PEPPERMINT.) _Glabrous_ (somewhat hairy in var.

SUBHIRSuTA), very pungent-tasted; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate; _spikes narrow, loose_.--Along brooks, escaped everywhere.

M. AQUaTICA, L. (WATER MINT.) _p.u.b.escent_ or smoothish; leaves ovate or round-ovate; flowers in a terminal _globular or interrupted and oblong head_, often with one or more cl.u.s.ters in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx and usually the pedicels hairy. The common form has the stems _hairy downward_.--Wet places, N. Eng. to Del.; rare.--Var. CRiSPA, Benth., is a glabrous or glabrate form, with lacerate-dentate and crisped leaves.--Ditches, N. J., etc.

[*][*][*] _Flowers in globular whorls or cl.u.s.ters, all in the axils of the leaves, the uppermost axils not flower-bearing; leaves more, or less petioled, toothed._

M. SATVA, L. (WHORLED MINT.) _Stem hairy downward_; leaves ovate, sharply serrate; calyx oblong-cylindrical with _very slender teeth_.--Waste damp places, Ma.s.s. to Penn.; not common. Pa.s.ses into the next.

M. ARVeNSIS, L. (CORN MINT.) Lower and smaller-leaved than the last; leaves obtusely serrate; _calyx bell-shaped, the teeth short_ and broader.--Moist fields, N. Eng., etc.; rare.

1. M. Canadensis, L. (WILD MINT.) _Leaves_ varying from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, _tapering to both ends_; calyx oblong-bell-shaped, the teeth rather short; hairs on the stem not conspicuously reflexed. The commoner form is more or less hairy, and has nearly the odor of Pennyroyal.--Wet places, through the northern U. States across the continent, and northward.

Var. glabrata, Benth. Leaves and stems almost glabrous, the former sometimes very short-petioled; scent sweeter, as of Monarda.--Similar range.

8. LCOPUS, Tourn. WATER h.o.r.eHOUND.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4--5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla bell-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx, nearly equally 4-lobed.

Stamens 2, distant; the upper pair either sterile rudiments or wanting.

Nutlets with thickened margins.--Perennial low herbs, glabrous or p.u.b.erulent, resembling Mints, with sharply toothed or pinnatifid leaves, the floral ones similar and much longer than the dense axillary whorls of small mostly white flowers; in summer. (Name compounded of ?????, _a wolf_, and p???, _foot_, from some fancied likeness in the leaves.)

[*] _Stoloniferous, the long filiform runners often tuberiferous; leaves only serrate._

[+] _Calyx-teeth usually 4, barely acutish, shorter than the mature nutlets._

1. L. Virginicus, L. (BUGLE-WEED.) Stem obtusely 4-angled (6'--2 high); leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, entire toward the base, ac.u.minate at both ends, short-petioled; calyx-teeth ovate.--Shady moist places, Lab. to Fla., Mo., and northwestward across the continent.

[+][+] _Calyx-teeth usually 5, very acute, longer than the nutlets._

[++] _Bracts minute; corolla twice as long as the calyx._

2. L. sessiliflius, Gray. Stem rather acutely 4-angled; _leaves closely sessile_, ovate or lanceolate-oblong (1--2' long), spa.r.s.ely sharply serrate; _calyx-teeth subulate, rigid_. (L. Europaeus, var.

sessilifolius, _Gray_, Man.)--Pine barrens of N. J. to Cape Cod, Ma.s.s.

(_Deane_).

3. L. rubellus, Moench. Stem rather obtusely 4-angled; leaves _petioled_, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrate in the middle, _attenuate-ac.u.minate at both ends (3' long)_; calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, _not rigid-pointed_. (L. Europaeus, var.

integrifolius, _Gray_.)--Penn. to Minn., and southward.