The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 161

10. Goodyera. Leaves radical, white-reticulated. Lip entire, free from the column, saccate, without callosities.

[*][*] Anther operculate, erect and jointed upon the short column. Stem stout, very leafy.

11. Epipactis. Flowers racemose; perianth spreading; lip dilated above.

[*][*][*] Anther terminal, operculate, inc.u.mbent; column elongated. Stem scapose or few-leaved; flowers large, solitary or few.

12. Arethusa. Leaf and flower solitary. Lip bearded, its base adherent to the linear column. Pollinia 4.

13. Calopogon. Leaf solitary, gra.s.s-like. Lip bearded, stalked, free.

Column winged at the apex. Pollinia 4.

14. Pogonia. More or less leafy. Lip crested, free. Column clavate.

Pollinia 2.

Tribe III. OPHRYDEae. Anther without operculum, the cells adnate to the top of the column and often continuous with the beak of the stigma.

Pollinia 2, of coa.r.s.e grains united by an elastic web, each attached at base by a stalk to a viscid gland. Flower (in ours) ringent and spurred, spicate upon a leafy stem.

15. Orchis. The two glands or viscid disks enclosed in a common pouch.

16. Habenaria. The two glands naked, either approximate or widely separated.

Tribe IV. CYPRIPEDIEae. Perfect anthers 2, lateral, the sterile one forming a dilated fleshy appendage above the terminal stigma. Pollen granular, not in ma.s.ses.

17. Cypripedium. Stems more or less leafy. Perianth spreading; lip an inflated sac.

1. MICRoSTYLIS, Nutt. ADDER'S-MOUTH.

Sepals oblong, spreading. Petals thread-like or linear, spreading. Lip auricled or ovate at base, not tubercled, entire or nearly so. Column very small, terete, with 2 teeth or auricles at the summit and the erect anther between them. Pollen-ma.s.ses 4, in one row (2 in each cell), cohering by pairs at the apex, waxy, without any stalks, threads, or gland.--Low herbs, from solid bulbs, producing simple stems, which bear in our species a single leaf and a raceme of minute greenish flowers.

(Name composed of ?????, _small_, and st????, _a column_ or _style_.)

1. M. monophllos, Lindl. Slender (4--6' high); leaf sheathing the base of the stem, ovate-elliptical; _racemes spiked, long and slender; pedicels not longer than the flowers_; lip long-pointed.--Cold wet swamps, N. New Eng. to Penn., N. Ind., Minn., and northward. July.

(Eu.)

2. M. ophioglossodes, Nutt. Leaf near the middle of the stem, ovate, clasping; _raceme short and obtuse; pedicels much longer than the flowers_; lip truncate-3-lobed at the summit, the middle lobe very small.--Low moist ground, N. Scotia to Fla., west to Minn. and Mo.

July.--Pollinia (at least sometimes) only 1 in each cell.

2. LiPARIS, Richard. TWAYBLADE.

Sepals and petals nearly equal, linear, or the latter thread-like, spreading. Lip flat, entire, often bearing 2 tubercles above the base.

Column elongated, incurved, margined at the apex. Anther lid-like, terminal; pollen-ma.s.ses 4, in one row (2 to each cell), slightly united in pairs, without stalk, threads, or gland.--Small, low herbs, with solid bulbs, producing 2 root-leaves and a low scape, which bears a raceme of few purplish or greenish flowers. (Name from ??pa???, _fat_ or _s.h.i.+ning_, in allusion to the smooth or unctuous leaves.)

1. L. liliiflia, Richard. Leaves ovate; petals thread-like, reflexed; _lip large_ (1' long), _wedge-obovate, abruptly short-pointed, brown-purplish_.--Moist woodlands, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.

June.

2. L. Lselii, Richard. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, keeled; _lip obovate or oblong_ (2" long), mucronate, _yellowish-green, shorter than the linear unequal petals and sepals_.--Bogs, N. Scotia to Md., S.

Ill., and Minn. (Eu.)

3. CALPSO, Salisb.

Sepals and petals nearly similar, ascending, spreading, lanceolate, pointed. Lip larger than the rest of the flower, sac-shaped, inflated (9" long), 2-pointed underneath the apex. Column broadly winged and petal-like, ovate, bearing the lid-like anther just below the apex; pollen-ma.s.ses waxy, 2, each 2-parted, all sessile on a square gland.--A little bog-herb; the solid bulbs producing a single ovate or slightly heart-shaped thin leaf, as in Aplectrum, and a short (3--5' high) scape, sheathed below, bearing a large and showy (variegated purple, pink, and yellow) flower. (Name from the G.o.ddess _Calypso_.)

1. C. borealis, Salisb.--Cold bogs and wet woods, the bulbs resting in moss, with a coralloid root beneath; Maine and Vt. to Mich. and Minn., and northward. May.--A very local and beautiful plant. Lip somewhat resembling that of a Lady's Slipper, woolly-hairy inside. (Eu.)

4. TIPULaRIA, Nutt. CRANE-FLY ORCHIS.

Sepals and petals spreading, oblong; the latter rather narrower. Lip prolonged beneath into a thread-like ascending spur twice or thrice the length of the flower (9--12" long), 3-lobed; the middle lobe linear, a little wavy, as long as the petals, the side lobes short and triangular.

Column narrow and wingless. Anther lid-like, terminal; pollen-ma.s.ses 2, waxy, each 2-parted, connected by a linear stalk with the transverse small gland.--Herb with large solid bulbs connected horizontally, on a distinct pedicel, producing in autumn a single ovate nerved and plaited leaf on a slender petiole, purplish beneath, and in summer a long slender scape, with 1 or 2 sheaths at base, bearing a raceme of many small greenish flowers tinged with purple. (Name from a fancied resemblance of the flowers to insects of the genus _Tipula_.)

1. T. discolor, Nutt. Scape 10--18' high; lip blunt at the tip.--Sandy woods, Vt. to N. J. and Fla., west to Mich.; very scarce.

5. APLeCTRUM, Nutt. PUTTY-ROOT. ADAM-AND-EVE.

Perianth neither gibbous nor with any trace of a spur or sac at the base. Lip free, the palate 3-ridged. Otherwise the flowers and scape (invested below with 3 greenish sheaths) as in Corallorhiza; but, instead of a coral like root, a slender naked rootstock produces each year a thick, globular, solid bulb or corm, often 1' in diameter (filled with exceedingly glutinous matter), which sends up late in summer a large, oval, many-nerved and plaited, petioled, green leaf, lasting through the winter, and early in the succeeding summer its scape is terminated by a loose raceme of dingy rather large flowers. (The name composed of a- privative and p???t???, _a spur_, from the total want of the latter.)

1. A. hiemale, Nutt. Stem 1 high or more; perianth greenish-brown, or the lip whitish, and somewhat speckled with purple, 5--6" long.--Woods, in rich mould; rather rare or local, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Minn. and Mo.--Each corm lasts 2 or 3 years before it shrivels, so that 3 or 4 are found horizontally connected.

6. CORALLORHZA, Haller. CORAL-ROOT.

Perianth somewhat ringent, oblique and gibbous or obscurely spurred at base; the oblong or lanceolate sepals and petals nearly alike, 1--3-nerved, the upper arching; the lateral sepals ascending, their bases with that of the lip forming the gibbosity or short spur which is mostly adnate to the summit of the ovary; lip slightly adherent to the base of the 2-edged straightish column, bearing a pair of projecting ridges on the face below, spreading or recurved at the apex. Anther terminal, lid-like. Pollen-ma.s.ses 4, obliquely inc.u.mbent, soft-waxy, free.--Brownish or yellowish herbs, dest.i.tute of green foliage, with much-branched and toothed coral-like root-stocks (probably root-parasitical), sending up a simple scape, with sheaths in place of leaves and bearing a raceme of rather small dull-colored flowers; fruit reflexed. (Name composed of ?????????, _coral_, and ???a, _root_.)

-- 1. _Small spur or sac adnate to the summit of the ovary; flowers small; lip whitish or purplish, often mottled with crimson._

1. C. innata, R. Brown. Plant slender, light brownish or yellowish (3--9' high), 5--12-flowered; pedicels very short; perianth 2--2"

long; _lip somewhat hastately 3-lobed above the base_, the lamellae thick and rather short; spur a very small protuberance; capsule oval or elliptical (3--4" long).--Swamps and damp woods, N. Eng. to northern N. J., Ohio, Mich., Minn., and northward, and south in the mountains to Ga. May, June. (Eu.)

2. C. odontorhza, Nutt. Plant light brown or purplish; stem rather slender, bulbous-thickened at base (6--16' high), 6--20-flowered; pedicels rather slender; perianth about 3" long; _lip entire_ or merely denticulate, _thin_, broadly ovate or obovate, abruptly contracted into a _claw-like base_, the lamellae a pair of short projections; the spur represented by a small cavity wholly adnate to the summit of the ovary; capsule at first very acute at base, at length short-oval (4"

long).--Rich woods, E. Ma.s.s. (_Hitchings_) and Vt. to N. J. and Fla., west to Mich, and Mo. May--July.

3. C. multiflra, Nutt. Plant purplish, rather stout (9--18' high), 10--30-flowered; perianth 2--4" long; _lip deeply 3-lobed_, with a short narrowed base and with prominent lamellae; spur manifest and protuberant; capsule oblong (6--9" long), short-pedicelled.--Dry woods, N. Eng. to Md., west to Mo., Iowa, and Minn. July--Sept.

-- 2. _Spur none; the broadly gibbous somewhat saccate base wholly free from the ovary; flowers large for the genus, purple, unspotted, more expanding._

4. C. striata, Lindl. Plant purplish, stout (6--16' high), bearing 15--25 large flowers in a crowded spike, on very short pedicels; perianth 6--7" long; lip oval or obovate, perfectly entire, concave, barely narrowed at the base, where it bears 1--3 short lamellae; all the parts of the perianth marked with 3 darker nerves; pod oblong (9"

long). (C. Macraei, _Gray_.)--Woods, from L. Erie westward along the Great Lakes and to the Pacific.

7. HEXALeCTRIS, Raf.

Sepals and petals nearly equal, somewhat spreading, several-nerved, not gibbous nor spurred at base, free. Lip obovate, with 5--6 prominent ridges down the middle, 3-lobed above, the middle lobe somewhat concave.

Pollen-ma.s.ses 8, united into a single fascicle. Otherwise as in Corallorhiza. (Name probably from ??, _six_, and ??e?t????, _a c.o.c.k_, from the crests of the lip.)

1. H. aphllus, Raf. Stem 1--2 high, beset with purplish scales, the lower sheathing; flowers racemed, bracteate, brownish-purple, 6--8"

long. (Bletia aphylla, _Nutt._)--Rich woods, Ky. and Mo. to Fla. and Mex.