The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 222

26. NaRDIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 25)

Stems laterally compressed, usually without runners. Leaves succubous, subconcave or flat, the apex rounded, rarely retuse or bidentate; underleaves none (in our species). Moncious or dicious. Involucral leaves 2--4 pairs, connate at base. Perianth subcompressed laterally, connate with the involucral leaves. Antheridia terminal on somewhat spike-like stems. (Named for _S. Nardi_, an Italian abbot.)

-- 1. EuCALYX. _Perianth connate at base with the inner involucral leaves, somewhat surpa.s.sing them, 3--8-carinate, the mouth constricted._

1. N. hyalna, Carring. Creeping, with ascending tips, the branches dichotomous-fastigiate, with claret-colored rootlets; leaves loosely imbricate, decurrent, roundish, repand-undulate; moncious or dicious; involucral leaves broader, appressed, one connate with the lower third of the perianth, which is somewhat exserted, obovate, plicate with acute rough angles, rostellate, at length 4-cleft; capsule round-ovate.

(Jungermannia hyalina, _Lyell_.)--On banks in woods, Closter, N. J.

(_Austin_), Ohio (_Lesquereux_). (Eu.)

2. N. crenulata, Lindb. (Pl. 25.) Prostrate, branching; leaves...o...b..cular, entire, larger toward the involucre and with large marginal cells; dicious; involucral leaves 2, rarely 3, adnate to the base of the perianth, which is flattened or terete, more or less regularly 4--5-plicate, the angles smooth; mouth much contracted, toothed.

(Jungermannia crenulata, _Smith_.)--On the ground in old fields, N. Y.

and southward. (Eu.)

3. N. crenuliformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose; fertile stems creeping, thickened upward, with numerous purple rootlets, the sterile subascending, attenuate upward; leaves subdecurrent, obliquely spreading, orbicular, concave, entire or nearly so; perianth small, subobovate, more or less connate with the involucral leaves, not exserted or slightly so, rooting at base, triquetrous above, becoming 4--7-plicate; calyptra often violet-purple; capsule oval-globose.

(Jungermannia crenuliformis, _Aust._)--On rocks in rivulets, Closter, N. J. (_Austin_), Coshocton Co., Ohio (_Sullivant_).

4. N. biformis, Lindb. Densely cespitose, much branched, innovating from beneath; rootlets numerous; leaves scarcely imbricate, alternate, spreading, obliquely semicircular or broadly ovate, retuse or entire, decurrent dorsally; cells large, hyaline; branch-leaves half as large, ovate or obovate, scarcely decurrent; dicious; antheridia solitary; fruit unknown. (Jungermannia biformis, _Aust._)--On steep wet rocks, Delaware Water Gap, N. J. (_Austin_).

-- 2. CHASCoSTOMA. _Perianth exserted, subcampanulate and open, deeply laciniate, connate with the involucral leaves._

5. N. fos...o...b..oniodes, Lindb. Stems densely cespitose, ascending; rootlets numerous, purple; leaves 2-ranked, subvertical, spreading-subrecurved, rooting, closely imbricate, orbicular, clasping by a slightly cordate base, subventricose, undulate-repand, the apex uniplicate and slightly emarginate; moncious; perianth very large, 6--10-plicate, the lobes entire; calyptra violet; capsule short-oval.

(Jungermannia fos...o...b..onioides, _Aust._)--On rocks in a rivulet, Closter, N. J. (_Austin_), and southward.

27. GYMNOMiTRIUM, Corda. (Pl. 23.)

Leaves closely imbricated, 2-ranked on fascicled ascending julaceous stems, emarginate-bidentate; underleaves none. Dicious. Involucre double, the inner shorter, of 2 or more dentate and deeply cleft leaves.

Calyptra short, campanulate. Capsule globose, the valves at length reflexed. Elaters caducous. Antheridia in the axils of leaves, oval, stipitate. (Name from ?????, _naked_, and ?t????, _a little cap_.)

1. G. concinnatum, Corda. Stems simple or imbricately branching, thickened at the apex; leaves ovate, bifid, with a narrow scarious margin. (Cesia concinnata, _S. F. Gray_.)--Alpine regions of the White Mts. (_Oakes_).--Grayish or silvery-olive. (Eu.)

28. FOs...o...b..NIA, Raddi. (Pl. 23.)

Stems thalloid, with large subquadrate succubous leaves; underleaves none. Dicious or moncious. Fruit terminal or by innovation dorsal on the main stem. Involucral leaves 5--6 (in our species), small, subulate, adnate. Perianth open-campanulate or obpyramidal, crenate-lobed.

Calyptra free, sub-globose. Capsule short-pedicelled, globose, irregularly valved. Elaters very short, 1--3- (mostly 2-) spiral, free.

Spores large, very rough. Antheridia 2--3, short-pedicelled, naked.

Perfect archegonia 2--3. (Named for _V. Fos...o...b..oni_, an Italian Minister of State.)

[*] _Plant large or of medium size; stems mostly simple._

1. F. pusilla, Dumort. (Pl. 23.) Stems 6--10" long; leaves retuse, entire or irregularly indented; perianth obconic, dentate; elaters short and thick; spores brown, depressed-globose-tetrahedral, 40 broad, crested, the slender crests pellucid, rarely becoming confluent.--On damp ground. Its occurrence in America is doubtful. (Eu.)

2. F. Dumortieri, Lindb. Cespitose, greenish or brownish-yellow; stems 3--6" long, 1" wide, shortly bifurcate; rootlets copious, purple; leaves numerous, smaller toward each end of the stem; moncious; perianth large, broadly obpyramidal; calyptra nearly as long; elaters scanty; spores globose-tetrahedral yellowish-brown, regularly pitted.--White Mts. (_Farlow_), N. J. (_Austin_), and perhaps elsewhere; confused with n. 1.

3. F. angulsa, Raddi. Stems narrowly forked at the apex; leaves horizontal, subquadrate, the upper undulate-lobed; dicious; perianth dilated-conic, crenate; spores brownish-yellow, globose-tetrahedral, not depressed, 30 broad, deeply reticulated, the reticulations large, 5--6-angled.--Brackish meadows, common; fruiting in early spring. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Plant minute; stems forked or fastigiately divided._

4. F. cristula, Aust. Stems 1--2" long; leaves whitish, quadrate or round-obovate, subentire, strongly crisped-undulate; capsule immersed on a short pedicel; elaters short, more or less diverse, with a single narrow annular and spiral fibre; spores pale fuscous, more or less tuberculate.--On moist sand in unfrequented paths, Batsto, N. J.

(_Austin_).

29. PALLAVICiNIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 22.)

Thallus with a distinct costa. Fruit arising from the costa, at first terminal, becoming dorsal. Dicious. Involucre cup-shaped, short-lacerate. Perianth long-tubular, denticulate. Calyptra irregularly lacerate. Capsule slender-cylindric. Elaters slender, free. Spores minute. Antheridia dorsal, covered with minute fimbriate scales. (Named for _L. Pallavicini_, Archbishop of Genoa.)

1. P. Lyellii, S. F. Gray. Thallus thin, 1--4' long, 3--5" wide, simple or bifid, the margin entire, slightly crenate or serrate; cells large, oblong-hexagonal; perianth erect, fleshy (5 cells thick below), the somewhat constricted mouth lobate-ciliolate; pedicel long, exceeding the thallus; capsule cylindric, five times as long as broad. (Steetzia Lyellii, _Lehm._)--Among mosses in swamps and on dripping rocks; common, especially southward. (Eu.)

30. BLaSIA, Micheli. (Pl. 23.)

Thallus simple or forked or stellate, with sinuous margins. Dicious.

Fruit from an oval cavity in the costa. Involucre mostly none. Calyptra obovate. Capsule oval-globose. Antheridia immersed in the thallus, covered with dentate scales. Gemmae globose, issuing by a slender ascending tube from large flask-shaped receptacles which are immersed in the thallus. (Named for _Blasius Biagi_, a monk of Valombrosa and companion of Micheli.)

1. B. pusilla, L. Thallus --1' long, 2--3" wide, narrowly obovate, the margins pinnatifid-sinuous.--Wet banks; common. (Eu.)

31. PeLLIA, Raddi. (Pl. 23.)

Thallus with a broad indeterminate costa. Moncious or dicious.

Fructification dorsal near the end of the thallus. Involucre short, cup-shaped, lacerate-dentate. Calyptra membranous, oval, longer or shorter than the involucre. Capsule globose. Elaters long, free.

Antheridia globose, immersed in the costa. (Named for _A. L. Pelli_, an Italian botanist.)

[*] _Moncious._

1. P. epiphlla, Raddi. (Pl. 23.) Thallus oblong, lobed and sinuate, somewhat fleshy, much thickened in the middle; capsule exserted.--On the ground in wet places; not uncommon eastward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Dicious._

2. P. endiviaeflia, Dumort. Thallus flat, green or purplish, broadly linear, dichotomous, the margin mostly undulate or crisped.--On the ground and in ditches; common, but often confused with n. 1. (Eu.)

3. P. calycna, Nees. Thallus dichotomous, proliferous, the early divisions linear-oblong, the margins ascending and remotely sinuate, the later divisions linear-palmatifid, coa.r.s.ely nerved; cells large, hexagonal; involucre ciliate-fringed or lacerate; calyptra smooth, included.--Wet limestones and shales. (Eu.)

32. METZGeRIA, Raddi. (Pl. 23.)

Thallus linear, dichotomous, with well defined costa. Dicious.

Fructification arising from the under side of the costa. Involucre 1-leaved, scale-like, at length ventricose. Calyptra clavate or pyriform, fleshy. Capsule short-pedicelled. Elaters unispiral, some remaining attached to the tips of the valves. Spores minute, mostly smooth. Antheridia globose, enclosed in a scale on the under surface of the costa. (Named for _J. Metzger_, a German botanist.)

[*] _Densely villous throughout._

1. M. p.u.b.escens, Raddi. Thallus 1--2' long, 1" wide, alternately pinnate or somewhat decompound, the short linear branches of uniform width, flat, the margin undulate; hairs longer beneath, single or in twos and threes near the margin, irregularly curved; midrib nearly without cortical layer, with 6--10 (mostly 8) rows of very uniform peripheral cells; dicious.--In mountain regions, eastward. (Eu.)

[*][*] _Hairy on the margins and midrib beneath, smooth above; dicious (n. 4 moncious)._

2. M. myriopoda, Lindb. Thallus elongated (2' long, " wide), dichotomous, the long linear branches of uniform width, convex above, the reflexed margins not undulate; midrib densely pilose beneath; hairs rather long, straight or nodding, the marginal mostly in cl.u.s.ters of 3--6, some with discoid tips; midrib covered above with 2 rows of enlarged cells, and beneath with 3--7 (usually 4--6) rows of smaller cells, lax and often indistinct. (M. furcata, _Sulliv._, in part; not _Nees._)--Shaded rocks and trees in the Alleghanies (_Sullivant_), and southward.