New Word-Analysis Part 9

(2.) Write a sentence containing the word "artist."--Would it be proper to call a famous hair-dresser an _artist_?--What might he be called?--Combine and define artist + ic + al + ly.--What is the negative of "artistic"?

(3.) What is the distinction between an "artist" and an "artisan"?

(5.) Give a synonym of "artless." _Ans. Ingenuous, natural._--Give the opposite of "artless." _Ans. Wily._--Combine and define artless + ly; artless + ness.

(6.) Give a synonym of "artifice."--Combine artifice + er.--Does "artificer" mean one who practices artifice?--Write a sentence containing this word.--Combine and define artifice + ial; artifice + al + ity. Give the opposite of "artificial."

7. AUDI'RE: au'dio, audi'tum, _to hear_.

Radicals: AUDI-, and AUDIT-.

1. AU'DIBLE: audi + ble = that may be heard.

2. AU'DIENCE: audi + ence = literally, the condition of hearing: hence, an a.s.semblage of hearers, an _auditory_.

3. AU'DIT: from _audit(um)_ = to hear a statement: hence, to examine accounts.

4. AU'DITOR: audit + or = one who hears, a hearer.

OBS.--This word has a secondary meaning, namely: an officer who examines accounts.

5. OBE'DIENT: through _obediens, obedient(is)_, the present participle of _obedire_ (compounded of _ob_, towards, and _audire_): literally, giving ear to: hence, complying with the wishes of another.

EXERCISE.

(1.) "Audible" means that can be heard: what prefix would you affix to it to form a word denoting what can _not_ be heard?--What is the adverb from the adjective "audible"?--Write a sentence containing this word.

(2.) What is meant when you read in history of a king's giving _audience_?

(3.) Write a sentence containing the word "audit." MODEL--"The committee which had to _audit_ the accounts of Arnold discovered great frauds."--How do you spell the past tense of "audit"?--Why is the _t_ not doubled?

(5.) What is the _noun_ corresponding to the adjective "obedient"?--What is the _verb_ corresponding to these words?--Combine and define dis + obedient.

8. CA'PUT, cap'itis, _the head_.

Radical: CAPIT-.

1. CAP'ITAL, _a._ and _n._: capit + al = relating to the _head_: hence, chief, princ.i.p.al, first in importance. DEFINITION: as an adjective it means, (1) princ.i.p.al; (2) great, important; (3) punishable with death;--as a noun it means, (1) the metropolis or seat of government; (2) stock in trade.

2. CAPITA'TION: capit + ate + ion = the act of causing heads to be counted: hence, (1) a numbering of persons; (2) a tax upon each head or person.

3. DECAP'ITATE: de + capit + ate = to cause the head to be taken off; to behead.

4. PREC'IPICE: through Lat. n. _praecipitium_: literally, a headlong descent.

5. PRECIP'ITATE: from Lat. adj. _praecipit(is)_, head foremost. DEFINITION: (1) (_as a verb_) to throw headlong, to press with eagerness, to hasten; (2) (_as an adjective_) headlong, hasty.

EXERCISE.

(1). Write a sentence containing "capital" as an adjective.--Write a sentence containing this word as a noun, in the sense of _city_.--Write a sentence containing "capital" in the sense of _stock_.--Is the _capital_ of a state or country necessarily the metropolis or chief city of that state or country?--What is the _capital_ of New York state?--What is the _metropolis_ of New York State?

(3) Combine and define decapitate + ion.--Can you name an English king who was _decapitated_?--Can you name a French king who was _decapitated_?

(4) What as the meaning of "precipice" in the line, "Swift down the _precipice_ of time it goes"?

(5) Combine and define precipitate + ly.--Write a sentence containing the adjective "precipitate". MODEL: "Fabius, the Roman general, is noted for never having made any _precipitate_ movements."--Explain the meaning of the verb "precipitate" in the following sentences. "At the battle of Waterloo Wellington _precipitated_ the conflict, because he knew Napoleon's army was divided", "The Romans were wont to _precipitate_ criminals from the Tarpeian rock."

9. CI'VIS, _a citizen_.

Radical: CIV-.

1. CIV'IC: civ + ic = relating to a citizen or to the affairs or honors of a city.

OBS.--The "_civic_ crown" in Roman times was a garland of oak-leaves and acorns bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

2. CIV'IL: Lat adj. _civilis_, meaning (1) belonging to a citizen, (2) of the state, political, (3) polite.

3. CIV'ILIZE: civil + ize = to make a savage people into a community having a government, or political organization; hence, to reclaim from a barbarous state.

4. CIVILIZA'TION: civil + ize + ate + ion = the state of being civilized.

5. CIVIL'IAN: civil + (i)an = one whose pursuits are those of civil life--not a soldier.

EXERCISE.

(2.) "What is the ordinary signification of "civil"?--Give a synonym of this word.--Is there any difference between "civil" and "polite"? _Ans._ "Polite" expresses more than "civil," for it is possible to be "civil"

without being "polite."--What word would denote the opposite of "civil" in the sense of "polite"?--Combine and define civil + ity.--Do you say _un_civility or _in_civility, to denote the negative of "civility"?--Give a synonym of "uncivil." _Ans. Boorish._--Give another synonym.

(3.) Write a sentence containing the word "civilize."--Give a participial adjective from this word.--What compound word expresses _half_ civilized?--What word denotes a state of society between savage and civilized?

(4.) Give two synonyms of "civilization." _Ans. Culture, refinement._--What is the meaning of the word "civilization" in the sentence: "The ancient Hindoos and Egyptians had attained a considerable degree of _civilization_"?--Compose a sentence of your own, using this word.

10. COR, cor'dis, _the heart_.

Radical: CORD-.

1. CORE: from _cor_ = the heart: hence, the inner part of a thing.

2. COR'DIAL, _a._: cord + (i)al = having the quality of the heart: hence, hearty, sincere. The _noun_ "cordial" means literally something having the quality of acting on the heart: hence, a stimulating medicine, and in a figurative sense, something cheering.

3. CON'CORD: con + cord = heart _with (con)_ heart: hence, unity of sentiment, harmony.