Rupert Prince Palatine Part 22

[8] Warburton, III. p. 75.

[9] Cal. Dom. State Papers. Jermyn to Digby, 12 May, 1645.

[10] Anne of Austria, Queen Regent of France.

[11] Warburton, III. p. 82. 5 May, 1645.

[12] Memoirs of Anne de Gonzague. Ed. Senac de Meilhan. Memoirs of Cardinal De Retz, and of Mademoiselle de Montpensier.

[13] Bromley Letters, p. 127, 28 Nov. 1645.

[14] Bromley, pp. 129-131.

[15] Soeltl's Elizabeth Stuart, 1840. Bk. IV. Chap. 7, pp. 402-403.

[16] Strickland's Elizabeth Stuart, p. 209.

[17] Ibid.

[18] Bromley Letters, p. 134.

[19] Queen's Princesses, VI. p. 149.

[20] Bromley Letters, p. 136. Elector to Elizabeth, Jan. 9, 1646-7.

[21] Whitelocke, p. 306.

[22] State Papers, 20 April, 1647.

[23] Rupert Transcripts, Sept. 30, 1648.

{213}

CHAPTER XII

COMMAND IN THE FRENCH ARMY. COURTs.h.i.+P OF MADEMOISELLE. DUELS WITH DIGBY AND PERCY

Sometime before the end of the war the Queen of England had fled to France, and had set up her court at that home of Royal exiles,--St.

Germains! There she had been joined by her son, the Prince of Wales, and by many English Cavaliers; and thither went Rupert in July 1646.

"If thou see Prince Rupert," wrote King Charles anxiously to his wife, "tell him that I have recommend him unto thee. For, albeit his pa.s.sions may sometimes make him mistake, yet I am confident of his honest constancy and courage, having at the last behaved himself very well."[1] Henrietta, convinced by her husband's words, or forgetful of the reproaches she had so recently heaped upon her nephew, received Rupert graciously, and to the Prince of Wales he was of course very welcome.

Nor was his reception at the French court less cordial. The Queen Regent, impressed by his romantic history and famous courage, showered marks of her favour upon him; and Mazarin, the true ruler of France, at once offered him a command in the French army, "upon whatever conditions of preferment or advantage he could desire."[2] Rupert hesitated to accept the flattering offer, without his Uncle's sanction.

"Prince Rupert had several a.s.surances by the mouth of the Duke of Orleans, Cardinal Mazarin and others, of the charge of the foreign forces mentioned in my last," says a letter in the Portland MSS., "but I am informed {214} he defers to accept the commission of it, until he hears his Uncle, the King of Great Britain, doth approve it; which deference is well taken here."[3]

Apparently Charles expressed approval of the arrangement, for Rupert finally entered the French service, reserving to himself the right of quitting it whenever his Uncle should need him. He was immediately given the rank of Field-Marshal, with a regiment of foot, a troop of horse, and a commission to command all the English in France. The Cavaliers, exiled and dest.i.tute, eagerly embraced the opportunity of serving under their Prince, and Rupert had no difficulty in raising a large corps, more especially as the conditions of service were exceptionally good. Among those who applied for a commission was the ever plausible Goring, but he found himself promptly refused, and thereupon took service under Spain.

The summer of 1647 found Rupert fighting his old enemies the Spaniards, in Northern France, and on the borders of Flanders. The campaign was a desultory one, in which little was effected, owing partly to the jealousies of the French officers, who were little more in concord than those of the English army had been. The two Marshals, Rantzau and Ga.s.sion, detested each other, and Ga.s.sion, at least, was exceedingly jealous of Rupert's reputation. His conduct throughout the campaign was, if not treacherous, extremely eccentric and he seems to have deserved the name of "that madman" bestowed on him by Rantzau.

They marched first to the relief of Armentieres, and, on their arrival near the town, Ga.s.sion invited Rupert to come and "view the enemy"

accordingly they set out alone, and advanced some way down the river, concealing themselves behind the sheltering hedges. Then Ga.s.sion, directing the Prince to stay behind until he called him, proceeded alone to a little house on the river bank. In the meantime some {215} Spanish soldiers came down in a boat, and landed by the house. Rupert saw them clearly, but dared not warn his comrade lest they should hear him sooner than could Ga.s.sion. Luckily the French Marshal was equal to the emergency. He was wearing a Spanish coat, and when he came face to face with the Spanish soldiers, he had the presence of mind to address them in their own language, and as though he were one of their officers. This so surprised them that they stood still, staring; and Ga.s.sion, with more prudence than dignity, took to his heels. In spite of the enemy's fire, he regained the hedge, and Rupert, coming to meet him, pulled him over the ditch. "Mort Dieu!" gasped the Marshal. "ca m'arrive toujours!" To which Rupert retorted in the dry manner which he seems to have usually a.s.sumed towards Ga.s.sion, "Je n'en doute point, si vous faites souvent comme ca." Both got safely away, but the battle intended to relieve Armentieres never took place.[4] The Spaniards numbered three times as many as the French: and when Ga.s.sion began to draw out his troops next day, Rantzau flew to exhort Rupert to stop such madness. The Prince thereupon urged Ga.s.sion to give up the idea of battle; the army was withdrawn to Arras, and Armentieres fell to the Spaniards.

On the retreat to Arras, Rupert was attacked by Piccolomini, in great force. Again and again Rupert repulsed his charge, retreating slowly all the time. Ga.s.sion, actuated by jealousy, sent an order to the Prince to remain where he was; but Rupert, retorting fiercely that it was the other Marshal's day of command, continued his retreat. After that he despatched a formal complaint of Ga.s.sion's conduct to the Queen Regent, who rebuked Ga.s.sion with the curious question--"Was he a general or a Croat?"[5]

The Spaniards marched next to La Ba.s.see, and Ga.s.sion there invited Rupert to take another survey of their forces, {216} asking, "Are you well mounted, Sir? Shall we go see the army?" Rupert a.s.sented, and they started--not this time alone, but with three or four others in their company. They had not gone far when they fell into an ambush of foot soldiers, and perceived that a troop of Spanish horse was following to cut off their retreat. Seeing this, they wheeled round, and two of Rupert's gentlemen, Mortaigne and Robert Holmes, beat back a troop of Spaniards who were crossing the rivulet between them and the French. Both were hurt, Mortaigne in the hand and Holmes in the leg.

Mortaigne retired, but Holmes lay upon the ground, exposed to the sweeping fire of the enemy. Rupert was retreating with the French, but, seeing Holmes in this predicament, he turned and went calmly back through the Spanish fire, with Mortaigne following him. With great danger and difficulty he lifted Holmes on to his own horse, and brought him safely off, "not a man of the French volunteers coming to his a.s.sistance.[6]

In this inglorious campaign there seems to have been little save retreats to record. An attempt to relieve Landrecies failed as that at Armentieres had done, chiefly through the mistake, or treachery of a guide. Rupert was told off to secure the retreat with three German regiments and one of Croats. Continually skirmis.h.i.+ng with the Spanish horse, he had got through the first pa.s.s, when Ga.s.sion returned to him, in great distress, saying that the cannon was stuck fast in the mud, and would have to be abandoned. Rupert replied that, if he might have the Picardy guards and a regiment of Swiss, he would not only make good the retreat, but would also bring off the cannon. Ga.s.sion willingly sent back the required troops, and Rupert made good his promise, without losing a single man. This done, "he thought to have lain down and refreshed himself," but an order came to march on to La Ba.s.see, and {217} he at once set out with the horse, leaving the foot to follow.

At La Ba.s.see he won the only success that fell to the French in the campaign. Reaching the town that night, he found that a relief of some four hundred men, under Goring, had just been despatched thither by the Spaniards; the opportunity was more than welcome. All Goring's men were captured by Rupert's guards, and most of them, being English, transferred their services to the Prince.[7] That same night Rupert began his line round the town, and in less than three weeks it was his.

Ga.s.sion was furiously jealous. During the whole course of the siege, he had refused to lend any aid whatever, and when the town was taken in spite of him, his jealousy led him to play the Prince a very treacherous trick. He invited him one morning to "take the air," and Rupert, for the third time, agreed to accompany him. They went out attended by a guard of eighty horse; but a peasant warned the Spaniards of their whereabouts, and an ambush was laid to intercept their return.

As they came back, Rupert noticed a dog sitting with its back towards him, and staring into the wood. The circ.u.mstance roused his suspicions; he took off his cloak, threw it to his page, and pressing after Ga.s.sion who was some yards ahead, cried: "Have a care, sir!

There is a party in that wood!" As he spoke the hidden enemy fired a smart volley. Setting spurs to their horses, the French party broke through it, losing only Rupert's page, who was taken, but courteously released next day. No sooner were they through the fire than Ga.s.sion faced about, saying: "Il faut rompre le col a ces coquins-la.--Pied a terre!" He took his foot from his stirrup; and Rupert, naturally understanding that they were to attack the ambush, dismounted. A few officers followed his example, and thereupon Ga.s.sion marched off with their horses, leaving them to face the difficulty as best {218} they could. A sharp skirmish followed, in which Rupert received a shot in the head, but he contrived to retreat after Ga.s.sion, who was calmly waiting at some distance. The French General then expressed polite regret for the accident: "Monsieur," he said, "je suis bien fache que vous etes blesse!" To which Rupert replied, with crus.h.i.+ng brevity: "Et moi aussi!"[8]

This little skirmish ended an uneventful campaign, and Rupert returned to St. Germains, "where he pa.s.sed his next winter with as much satisfaction as the tenderness he felt for his royal uncle's affairs would permit."[9] King Charles was then a prisoner at Hampton Court, whence he wrote a very affectionate letter to his nephew, sympathising with him for his recent wound, and a.s.suring him that, "next my children, I say _next_, I shall have most care of you, and shall take the first opportunity either to employ you, or to have your company."[10]

Rupert was in the meanwhile, exerting himself in the service of the Prince of Wales. It was the ambition of Henrietta to unite her eldest son to her niece, the daughter of the Duke of Orleans, known as La Grande Mademoiselle. This lady, as heiress of the Montpensiers, had inherited an enormous fortune, which Henrietta desired to acquire for her son's benefit. But young Charles did not care for his pompous cousin, and, in order to avoid the trouble of love-making, declared that he could not speak French. Though Rupert himself had obstinately declined to mend his fortunes by marriage, he seems to have been very anxious to overcome his cousin's contumacy. He became his interpreter, in which _role_ he was obliged not merely to translate, but to invent pretty speeches for the refractory Charles. The task was a difficult one, for Mademoiselle was not stupid, and observed that when her supposed lover {219} wished to discuss dogs and horses with the young King of France he could speak French well enough.[11] Moreover, neither Rupert nor Henrietta could make Prince Charles dance with his cousin if he did not choose to do so. Mademoiselle pointed out his neglect of her to Rupert, "who," says she, "immediately made me all the excuses imaginable."[12] But neither Rupert's excuses, nor Henrietta's protestations could bring the affair to the desired conclusion.

An occupation more natural and congenial to Rupert than making love on behalf of an unwilling lover, was the settling of old scores, for which he now found leisure and opportunity. It was not to be expected that he should meet Digby peaceably, and when the Secretary arrived in France in September 1647, a duel was universally expected. "My Lord Digby, at his coming from Rouen towards Paris, received news of Prince Rupert being, two nights before, come from the army to St. Germains,"

wrote O'Neil to Ormonde. "His Highness and his dependants being the only persons from whom his Lords.h.i.+p could suspect any resentment, his Lords.h.i.+p prepared himself by the best forethought he could for any accident that night happen to him in that way."[13]

The Queen was resolved to prevent any such "accident," and to keep a close watch over her nephew, to that end, but Rupert's prompt action took her by surprise. On the morning after his arrival, while he was yet in bed, Digby received the Prince's challenge. "About nine of the clock," says O'Neil, "I came to the Lord Digby's chamber, being sent for hastily by him. Who told me that Prince Rupert had, a little before, sent him word, by M. de la Chapelle, that he expected him, with his sword in his hand, at the {220} Cross of Poissy, a large league off in the forest, with three in his company." Digby sent back word that he was "highly sensible of the honour," and would come as soon as he could get on his clothes, but feared that there would be an hour's delay, since he had no horse, and was lame "in regard of a weakness in his hurt leg." Rupert received this message "with much n.o.bleness and civility," and at once placed his own horse at Digby's service. By that time rumours of the impending fray were afloat, and Jermyn was sent by the Queen to remonstrate with Digby. But the only result of Jermyn's intervention was to produce a quarrel between himself and Digby, which determined him to attend the duel on Rupert's side. The delay, however, had given the Queen time to act, and just as Digby set foot in the stirrup, he was arrested by her Guards. The Prince of Wales then rode into the forest, where he arrested Rupert and his seconds, Gerard, Chapelle and Guatier. That evening, the Queen held an inquiry into the cause of quarrel, which Rupert declared to be certain private speeches made by Digby, and not his actions as Secretary of State. The matter was therefore delivered to the arbitration of Culpepper, Gerard, Wentworth and Cornwallis; and "His Highness was so generous in not demanding or expecting from the Lord Digby anything that might misbecome him, that the business was concluded that night, in presence of the Queen and the Prince of Wales, much to the satisfaction of all parties. Since which reconciliation," adds O'Neil, "Prince Rupert has carried himself so n.o.bly to the Lord Digby, and the Lord Digby is so possessed with His Highness's generous proceedings towards him, that I think, in my conscience, there is no man, at present more heartily affected to His Highness's person and service."[14]

Thus happily and unexpectedly ended the long feud. Rupert's resentment was hot and pa.s.sionate, but he could {221} always forego it graciously, provided that advances were made from the other side. Nor were Digby's protestations of friends.h.i.+p insincere; in proof of which he promptly fought with and wounded Wilmot, because that gentleman had maligned the Prince.[15]

Digby and Wilmot being thus disposed of, there remained Percy with whom the Prince had yet to deal. Of this duel Rupert was resolved not to be cheated, and he therefore dispensed with formality. Seizing his opportunity on a hunting expedition, he rode up to Percy, and laying a hand on his bridle, abruptly demanded "satisfaction." Percy retorted angrily that he was quite ready to give it, and that the Prince's hold on his bridle was unnecessary. Both then sprang from their horses and drew their swords. Rupert "being as skilful with his weapon as valiant," ran Percy through the side, at the second pa.s.s; they closed, and both fell to the ground, Percy's hand being wounded in the fall.

Upon this, one of Prince Charles's gentlemen came in and separated them, and so the affair ended, with advantage to Rupert. Report said, afterwards, that the Prince had had the longer sword, but as in French duelling law there was no rule about length of weapon, that fact could not be held to affect the case in any way.[16]

This was the last of Rupert's adventures in France. Within a few weeks an event occurred which recalled him to Holland, and gave him, once more, the opportunity of serving his uncle, King Charles.

[1] Letters of Charles I. p. 58. Camden Society. 1st Series. King to Queen, 5 Aug. 1646.

[2] Warburton, III. p. 236.

[3] Hist. MSS. Com. Rept 13. Portland MSS III. p. 150.

[4] Benett MSS. Warburton, III. pp. 238-9.

[5] Ibid. p. 240.

[6] Benett MSS. Warburton, III. p. 241.

[7] Benett MSS. Warburton, III. p. 243.