Renaissance in Italy Volume VI Part 24

INGEGNERI, Antonio, a friend of Ta.s.so, ii. 64; publishes the _Gerusalemme_, 71.

INDEX Expurgatorius: its first publication at Venice, i. 192; effects on the printing trade there, 193; the Index in concert with the Inquisition, 194; origin of the Index, 195; local lists of prohibited books, _ib._; establishment of the Congregation of the Index, 197; Index of Clement VIII., 198; its preambles, _ib._; regulations, 199 _sq._; details of the censors.h.i.+p and correction of books, 201; rules as to printers, publishers, and booksellers, 203; responsibility of the Holy Office, 204; annoyances arising from delays and ignorance on the part of censors, 205; spiteful delators of charges of heresy, 207; extirpation of books, 208; proscribed literature, 209; garbled works by Vatican students, 210; effect of the Tridentine decree about the Vulgate, 212; influence of the Index on schools and lecture-rooms, 213; decline of humanism, 218; the statutes on the _Ratio Status_, 220; their object and effect, 221; the treatment of lewd and obscene publications, 223; expurgation of secular books, 224.

INQUISITION, the, i. 159 _sqq._; the first germ of the Holy Office, 161; developed during the crusade against the Albigenses, _ib._; S. Dominic its founder, 162; introduced into Lombardy, etc., 164; the stigma of heresy, 165; three types of Inquisition, 166; the number of victims, 166 _n._; the crimes of which it took cognizance, 167; the methods of the Apostolical Holy Office, 168; treatment of the New Christians in Castile, 169, 171; origin of the Spanish Holy Office, 170; opposition of Queen Isabella, 171; exodus of New Christians, 172; the punishments inflicted, _ib._; futile appeals to Rome, 173; const.i.tution of the Inquisition, 174; its two most formidable features, 175; method of its judicial proceedings, 176; the sentence and its execution, 177; the holocausts and their pageant, _ib._; Torquemada's insolence, 179; the body-guard of the Grand Inquisitor, 180; number of Torquemada's victims, 181; exodus of Moors from Castile, 182; victims under Torquemada's successors, _ib._; an Aceldama at Madrid, 184; the Roman Holy Office, _ib._; remodelled by Giov. Paolo Caraffa, 185; 'Acts of Faith' in Rome, 186; numbers of the victims, 187; in other parts of Italy, 188; the Venetian Holy Office, 190; dependent on the State, _ib._; Ta.s.so's dread of the Inquisition, ii. 42, 45, 49, 51; the case of Giordano Bruno, 134, 157 _sqq._; Sarpi denounced to the Holy Office, 195.

INTELLECTUAL and social activity in Italian cities, i. 51.

INTERDICT of Venice (1606), ii. 198 _sqq._; the compromise, 205.

INVASION, wars of, in Italy, i. 11 _sqq._

IRON crown, the, sent from Monza to Bologna, i. 36.

'ITALIA Liberata,' Trissino's, ii. 24, 303.

ITALIA Unita, ii. 407.

ITALY: its political conditions in 1494, i. 2 _sqq._; the five members of its federation, 3; how the federation was broken up, 11; the League between Clement VII. and Charles V., 31; review of the settlement of Italy effected by Emperor and Pope, 45 _sqq._; extinction of republics, 47; economical and social condition of the Italians under Spanish hegemony, 48; intellectual life, 51; predominance of Spain and Rome, 53 _sqq._; Italian servitude, 58; the evils of Spanish rule, 59 _sqq._; seven Spanish devils in Italy, 61; changes wrought by the Counter-Reformation, 64 _sqq._; criticism and formalism, 65; transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic Revival, _ib._; att.i.tude of Italians towards the German Reformation, 71.

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JESUITS, Order of: its importance in the Counter-Reformation, i. 229; the Diacatholicon, 231; works on the history of the Order, 231 _n._; sketch of the life of Ignatius Loyola, 231 _sqq._; the first foundation of the _Exercitia_, 236; Peter Faber and Francis Xavier, 239; the vows taken by Ignatius and his neophytes at Paris, 240; their proposed mission to the Holy Land, 241; their visits to Venice and Rome, 242 _sq._; the name of the Order, 244; negotiations in Rome, 245; the fourth vow, 246; the const.i.tutions approved by Paul III., 247; the Directorium of Lainez, 249; the original limit of the number of members, _ib._; Loyola's administration, 250; asceticism deprecated, 251; worldly wisdom of the founder, 253; rapid spread of the Order, 254; the Collegium Romanum, 255; Collegium Germanic.u.m, _ib._; the Order deemed rivals by the Dominicans in Spain, _ib._; successes in Portugal, 256; difficulties in France, 257; in the Low Countries, _ib._; in Bavaria and Austria, 258; Loyola's dictators.h.i.+p, 259; his adroitness in managing distinguished members of his Order, 260; statistics of the Jesuits at Loyola's death, _ib._; the autocracy of the General, 261; Jesuit precepts on obedience, 263 _sq._; addiction to Catholicism, 266; the spiritual drill of the _Exercitia Spiritualia_, 267; materialistic imagination, 268; psychological adroitness of the method, 269; position and treatment of the novice, 270; the Jesuit Hierarchy, 271; the General, 272; five sworn spies to watch him, 273; a system of espionage through the Order, 274; position of a Jesuit, _ib._; the Black Pope, 275; the working of the Jesuit vow of poverty, 275 _sq._; revision of the Const.i.tutions by Lainez, 277; the question about the _Monita Secreta_, 277 _sqq._; estimate of the historical importance of the Jesuits, 280 _sq._; their methods of mental tyranny, 281; Jesuitical education, 282; desire to gain the control of youth, 283; their general aim the aggrandizement of the Order, 284; treatment of _etudes fortes_, _ib._; admixture of falsehood and truth, 285; sham learning and sham art, 286; Jesuit morality, 287; manipulation of the conscience, 288; casuistical ethics, 290; system of confession and direction, 293; political intrigues and doctrines, 294 _sqq._; the theory of the sovereignty of the people, 296; Jesuit connection with political plots, 297; suspected in regard to the deaths of Popes, 298; the Order expelled from various countries, 299 _n._; relations of Jesuits to Rome, 299; their lax morality in regard to homicide, 306 _n._, 314; their support of the Interdict of Venice, ii. 198 _sqq._

JEWS, Spanish, wealth and influence of, i. 169; adoption of Christianity, _ib._; attacked by the Inquisition, 170; the edict for their expulsion, 171; its results, 172.

JULIUS II.: results of his martial energy, i. 7.

---III., Pope (Giov. Maria del Monte), i. 101.

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KEPLER, high opinion of Bruno's speculations held by, ii. 164.

KINGDOMS and States of Italy in 1494, enumeration of, i. 3.

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'LA Cuccagna,' a satire by Marino, ii. 263.

LAINEZ, James, a.s.sociate of Ignatius Loyola, i. 240; his influence on the development of the Jesuits, 248; his commentary on the Const.i.tutions (the Directorium), 249; his work in Venice, etc., 254; abject submission to Loyola, 262.

LATERAN, Council of the, i. 95.

LATIN and Teutonic factors in European civilization, ii. 393 _sqq._

LATINI, Latino, on the extirpation of books by the Index, i. 208.

LEGATES, Papal, at Trent, i. 97 _n._, 119.

LE JAY, Claude, a.s.sociate of Ignatius Loyola, i. 240; his work as a Jesuit at Ferrara, 254; in Austria. 258.

LEONI, Giambattista, employed by Sarpi to write against the Jesuits, ii. 200.

LEPANTO, battle of, i. 149.

LESCHa.s.sIER, Sarpi's letters to, ii. 229, 235.

'LE Sette Giornate,' Ta.s.so's, ii. 75, 115, 124.

LEYVA, Antonio de, at Bologna, i. 22.

---Virginia Maria de (the Lady of Monza): birth and parentage, i. 317; a nun in a convent of the Umiliate, 318; her seduction by Gianpaolo Osio, 318 _sqq._; birth of her child, 321; murder of her waiting-woman by Osio, 322; the intrigue discovered, 323; attempted murder by Osio of two of her a.s.sociates, 324; Virginia's punishment and after-life, 329.

LONDON, Bruno's account of the life of the people of, ii. 142; social life in, 143.

LORENTE'S History of the Inquisition, cited, 171 _sqq._; his account of the number of victims of the Holy Office, i. 181, 183 _n._

LORRAINE, Cardinal: his influence in the Council of Trent, i. 125 _sq._

LO SPAGNOLETTO (Giuseppe Ribera), Italian Realist painter, ii. 363.

LOUISA of Savoy, one of the arrangers of the Paix des Dames, i. 16.

LOUIS XII.: his descent into Lombardy, and its results, i. 9; allied with the Austrian Emperor and the King of Spain, i. 12.

LOYOLA, Ignatius, founder of the Jesuits: his birth and childhood, i. 231; his youth and early training, _ib._; illness at Pampeluna, 232; pilgrimage to Montserrat, 234; retreat at Manresa, _ib._; his romance and discipline, 235; journey to the Holy Land, 237; his apprentices.h.i.+p to his future calling, _ib._; imprisoned by the Inquisition, 238; studies theology in Paris, _ib._; gains disciples there, 239; his methods with them, _ib._; with ten companions takes the vows of chast.i.ty and poverty, 240; Ignatius at Venice, 241; his relations with Caraffa and the Theatines, 242; in Rome, 243; the name of the new Order, 244; its military organization, 245; the project favored by Paul III., _ib._; the Const.i.tution approved by the Pope, 247; his worldly wisdom, 248 _n._; Loyola's creative force, 249; his administration, 250 _sq._; dislike of the common forms of monasticism, 251; his aims and principles, 252; comparison with Luther, 253; rapid spread of the Order, 254; special desire of Ignatius to get a firm hold on Germany, 258; his dictators.h.i.+p, 259; adroitness in managing his subordinates, 260; autocratic administration, 261; insistence on the virtue of obedience, 263; devotion to the Roman Church, 265; the _Exercitia Spiritualia_, 267 _sqq._; Loyola's dislike of asceticism, 270; his interpretation of the vow of poverty, 275; his instructions as to the management of consciences, 287 _sq._; his doctrine on the fear of G.o.d, 304 _n._

LUCERO EL TENEBROSO, the Spanish Inquisitor, i. 180.

LUINI'S picture of S. Catherine, ii. 360.

LULLY, Raymond: his Art of Memory and Cla.s.sification of the Sciences, adapted by Giordano Bruno, ii. 139.

LUNA, Don Juan de, i. 47.

LUTHER, Bruno's high estimate of, ii. 149; his relation to modern civilization, 402.

LUTHERAN soldiers in Italy, i. 44.

LUTHERANISM in Italy, i. 185.

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MACAULAY, Lord, on Sarpi's religious opinions, ii. 227 _n._; critique of his survey of the Catholic Revival, 400 _sqq._