Curiosities of Heat Part 12

And I, kind reader, will give you the outline of the sermon if the Spirit bids him preach it.

CHAPTER XI.

AN EFFECTIVE SERMON.

Mr. Wilton preached the sermon spoken of at the close of the last chapter the next Lord's Day morning. The more he thought upon the matter and inquired the mind of the Spirit, the more he felt that for a purpose the Spirit was calling him to unfold again the authority of G.o.d and the conditions of salvation. He gave notice of his subject, and invited all good men to pray that he might be able, like a good and wise steward of the mysteries of grace, to bring forth out of the treasure-house things new and old, and that the word might prove as a nail fastened in a sure place by the Master of a.s.semblies. Much prayer was offered, and the people came together in a spirit of unwonted solemnity and earnestness.

Mr. Wilton prayed to the glorified Redeemer for his blessing: "O thou exalted Christ, we a.s.semble in thy name and by thine authority. Thou hast bidden us not forsake the a.s.sembling of ourselves together for thy wors.h.i.+p and the preaching of thy gospel. By thy grace we enjoy another of these sacred days. By thy death thou didst purchase for thy people eternal redemption. Thou hast wrought out for them a great and glorious salvation.

For thy great love wherewith thou hast loved us thou didst empty thyself of divine glories, and madest thyself a servant among servants, and didst suffer in the garden, and die upon the cross, and enter the grave. Now thou art exalted at the right hand of the Father, a Prince and a Saviour, to give repentance and remission of sins. O thou that judgest men, thy justice is great and glorious as thy mercies. Years ago we tested thy love, years ago we felt the shadow of thy wrath; our guilt made us afraid and we cried unto thee, and thou forgavest our sins, and didst shed abroad thy peace in our hearts. In these recent days thou hast brought other sinners to feel their guilt. They have seen thee upon the cross, and have been smitten with anguish, and have repented, and thou hast received them. Others are bowed down; they mourn; they feel themselves poor and needy; they confess thy justice; they feel the need of thy salvation; they walk in darkness; they grope and find no light; they look unto thee from a distance; but they do not come to thee, they do not follow thee. Wilt thou not draw them to thyself? Wilt thou not bow their pride of heart and turn their wills and make their hearts tender, gentle, and believing? Wilt thou not smite the rock, and cause the waters of penitent grief to flow? Lay thy cross, O Jesus, upon their shoulders and upon their hearts, that they may bear it after thee and share thy glory. Open thou their eyes that they may see eternal destinies and look upon thy divine glories, thy beauty, and thy tenderness. Let them follow thee and trust in thee, strengthened and comforted by thy rod and thy staff. O Christ, for thine eternal love with which thou hast loved us, reach down thine arm mighty to save and lift us up. Lord, save or we perish. And speak thou by thy servant to-day, and cause all that hear to recognize the message not as his, but as thine."

He read as his text Acts xvi. 30: "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?"

He briefly recited the arrest, imprisonment, and release of Paul and Silas. "The salvation for which the jailer cried out was not deliverance from the dangers of the earthquake, nor from the displeasure of the Roman governor. This was the bitter cry of a soul sinking under a load of guilt and trembling at the thought of G.o.d's impending wrath. Some of you can appreciate his feelings and his fears. Your sins against G.o.d and Christ and the Holy Spirit have risen up before you; they stare you in the face; they condemn you. You feel your guilt--not a light and trifling fault, but guilt deep and dark, such as creatures made in the image of G.o.d incur by rebellion against the blessed and holy Creator. The Holy Spirit has recited the divine law in your ears. Your consciences have heard that voice and echoed its condemnation. You desire to escape that divine displeasure; you desire to have the fires of guilt that burn in your consciences quenched. You cry out, 'Men and brethren, what shall we do?'

The answer must be drawn from many parts of the Holy Scriptures.

"Understand, in the first place, that you are not to be saved by searching out some plan of salvation for yourselves. Ask for the old paths. 'He that entereth not by the door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber.' 'Other foundation can no man lay than that is laid.'

'There is but one name given under heaven among men by which we must be saved.'

"Understand also that it is useless to attempt to save yourselves by making yourselves righteous. You have tried, I doubt not, to make yourselves better. Perhaps you have resolved that you would not come to Christ till you can present yourselves in some degree worthy of his care.

Have you succeeded in getting rid of your sins? Can you blot out your past sins? Can you erase the record which stands written in the book of remembrance on high? The law of G.o.d written in this Bible condemns you; G.o.d condemns you; you are condemned already for not believing in the name of G.o.d's only begotten Son, the Lord Jesus from heaven. Can you change that condemnation by your feeble, fickle resolutions to reform? 'Can the Ethiopian change his skin or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good that are accustomed to do evil.'

"Be a.s.sured also that it does not belong to you to change your own hearts.

'Ye must be born again;' 'except a man be born again he cannot see the kingdom of G.o.d.' But that second birth comes not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of G.o.d. 'Ye must be born again, but ye must be born of the Spirit.' Notice that the word _saved_ is in the pa.s.sive voice. Sinners do not save themselves; they must be saved by another; they must be saved by one able to save, by one almighty to save, from the wrath of G.o.d and from sin, by one able to do for those who trust in him all that they need to have done in order to make their salvation complete and glorious. Christ is able to do this. The crucified and risen Christ is exalted a Prince and Saviour, to give repentance and remission of sins. The word of G.o.d says, 'To give,' and he rejoices to give.

"On one point we must pause and dwell with special clearness. Every anxious sinner must not only feel his guilty and lost condition, but he should also thoroughly understand what he means when he asks what he must do to be saved. He should see to it that he wants that salvation which Jesus gives.

"In the Scriptures the sinner who would be saved is called upon to return to G.o.d. He has gone astray. He must retrace his steps. What is meant by this? I mean that man's sin consisted at first and consists to-day in saying, 'I will,' and 'I will not,' in opposition to the will and command of G.o.d. G.o.d said, 'Thou shalt not;' man said, 'I will.' G.o.d says, 'Thou shalt;' sinners say, 'I will not.' If a sinner is to be saved from sin, this opposition must cease. When G.o.d says, 'Thou shalt not,' the sinner must reply, 'I will not,' and when G.o.d says, 'Thou shalt,' the sinner must answer, 'I will.' The sinner's 'will' and 'will not' must agree with G.o.d's 'shall' and 'shall not.' In place of your self-will you must put G.o.d's will; that is, repentance, a turning about, a returning to G.o.d. But remember, salvation, if it be real and thorough, is not submission for an hour, a day, or a year, but submission for ever and ever. It is submission without condition and without limits.

"The sinner says, 'This is a hard saying,' this utter and boundless denial of self-will and selfishness. But is it hard that the creature should yield to the Creator, that ignorance should yield to wisdom, that selfishness should yield to love, that sin should yield to holiness, that poor, lost, wretched, fallen man should yield to the eternal and ever-blessed G.o.d? It is only by yielding that his will is brought into sweet harmony with the will of G.o.d, and that he can be a sharer of the divine blessedness.

"Your views on this point should be clear and distinct. If you wish only to be saved from the penalty of your sins, you do not desire the salvation which Jesus gives. He saves his people, not in their sins, but from their sins. If, however, you really wish for his full and glorious salvation, you will desire that your will may be wholly subdued to the will of G.o.d.

You will be found ready to unite in the memorable prayer of the Lord Jesus, 'Not my will but thine be done.' Salvation implies the giving up of self-will and a reverent submission to the will of G.o.d.

"Other sinful pa.s.sions oppose the grace of G.o.d, but chiefly as helpers and supporters of self-will. Pride and vanity strengthen self-will. Turbulent fleshly l.u.s.ts urge on and back up self-will. Fear of man, fear of danger, and unbelief are but props of self-will. When 'my Lord Will-be-will'

submits, the town of Mansoul returns to her rightful allegiance.

"The question at issue between G.o.d and the sinner, the question of self-will or submission, is often contested around the performance of some single definite duty. The Holy Spirit often presents to the convicted sinner's conscience some single duty and presses its performance. That duty is a test of the feelings and desires of the sinner's heart. So the Spirit understands it, so the sinner often understands it. As, in the garden of Eden, G.o.d gave to Adam a test command, so does he now press upon the conscience of convicted sinners test duties to show them what they are. That which is required may be important, exceedingly important, in and of itself, or it may be in itself of very little consequence, but in every case the duty is all-important and its performance absolutely essential, because the Spirit has laid it upon the sinner's conscience. It will show whether he wishes for salvation from sin or not.

"I used to hear a Christian relate an experience like this. While the Spirit of G.o.d was striving with him and conviction of sin was heavy upon him, he felt a clear impression that he ought to go to his barn, and there at one certain place upon the hay-mow kneel and pray. His self-will rose in rebellion, chiefly, it would seem, because it was laid upon his conscience as a duty. But his distress grew upon him. He went to his barn and stood at another place and tried to pray, but no light or peace came; his sense of his sins grew heavier. How could it be otherwise? He went to the spot where he thought that he ought to go, and stood and prayed. Still no peace came, but increasing sense of sin. At length he thought, 'Why should I not? Why not give up my own will? Why not pray that G.o.d's will may be done?' He yielded, he kneeled at the place where he had thought he ought to kneel, and there he first felt peace before G.o.d. This was a singular experience. Perhaps a man more intelligent and better taught in the Sacred Scriptures would never have such a thing pressed upon his conscience. But the battle of self-will is commonly fought around some single definite duty. That duty may be a confession of wrong done to a neighbor, or conversation with an impenitent a.s.sociate, or a public confession of sin before the great congregation. Whatever it may be, it shows the sinner his heart and leads him to decide to follow his own will just as he had always been accustomed to do, or it will lead him to pray earnestly that he may be enabled in everything to bow his will to the will of G.o.d. He will want the full salvation which Jesus in his grace brings men--salvation from the penalty of sin and deliverance from its power.

"I draw no bow at a venture and speak not doubtfully when I say some of you are standing face to face with duties pressed upon you by the Holy Spirit. Your self-will, supported by pride, and fear of man, and unbelief, and Satanic temptation, refuses to yield. The yoke of Christ seems to you like bondage. The cross is supremely heavy. You draw back from it, and refuse to bear it. I cannot take away the cross which the Spirit bids you bear. I dare not do it; I will not do it. As the messenger of Christ, I repeat the voice of the Spirit and lay the duty, whatsoever it may be, upon your consciences. Do you really and honestly wish to be saved from sin? Then you will yield to the Spirit's kind and gracious movings; you will yield humbly but heartily. If, however, you want something else than the salvation which Jesus gives, what can you expect but perplexity, difficulty, darkness? I beseech of you, deal truly and faithfully with yourselves on this point.

"To those who wish really to be saved I have good news to proclaim. There is a Saviour such as you need. Trust in Jesus as your Saviour. Place the whole work of your salvation in his gracious hands. Christ saves sinners just such as you are. The faith which you are but to exercise is nothing else than your confidence, by which you entrust yourselves to him. Faith has no saving virtue in itself, but it is the hand by which the sinner takes hold of Christ. With this duty few of you will have any great difficulty. When once you wish to be saved from sin and are ready to submit to the will of Christ, you will have no reluctance to take him for your Saviour. You believe that Christ is a divine Saviour. If saved at all, you expect to be saved by him who died on Calvary. Hardly for the world would you resign your opportunity of coming to Christ and receiving his grace. You believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living G.o.d, the great sacrifice for sin. It remains that you should gladly accept what he offers and follow him as loving, trusting disciples.

"Follow the Spirit, and you will be led to Jesus and will come speedily to the joy of salvation; resist the Spirit, and you grope in boundless darkness and fall upon the dark mountains.

"In the Holy Scriptures the question of the text is asked and answered many times. Hardly any two answers are alike. Are there different conditions and different duties required of different men? By no means.

But the Holy Spirit adapted the answer to the different spiritual states of the various inquirers. The answer is made to each questioner's heart. A self-righteous young man came to Jesus asking, 'Good Master, what good thing shall I do that I may inherit everlasting life?' Jesus answered, 'Keep the commandments: thou shalt do no murder; thou shalt not commit adultery; thou shalt not steal; thou shalt not bear false witness; honor thy father and thy mother; and thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.'

The young man answered, 'All these have I kept from my youth up; what lack I yet?' Jesus said, 'If thou wilt be perfect, go sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven, and come, follow me.' The young man went away sorrowful. Jesus knew his self-righteousness, and gave him answers which opened that young man's eyes to see himself. He gave him a test command, and the young man's revulsion from that duty showed that, notwithstanding his self-confident claim to righteousness, his riches filled all his heart. If your hearts are filled with the love of the world, you must put your possessions out of your hearts and follow Jesus.

"Nicodemus also came making the same inquiry. He must have asked something like this, for Jesus answered such a question. 'Ye must be born again; ye must be born of the Spirit,' said Jesus. Nicodemus was looking for a legal salvation by outward formal services, but Christ gave him to understand that salvation involves a great spiritual renovation wrought by the Holy Spirit, by which men old in sin become new creatures and enter the kingdom of G.o.d as little children. He taught him thus that salvation was only from G.o.d. If any of you are looking for a cloak of self-righteous religious duties which you can put on, be a.s.sured that true religion springs from a work of G.o.d wrought in the heart. You must be born again by the power of the Holy Spirit. You must become new creatures in Christ Jesus.

"On the day of Pentecost the great company of men 'out of every country under the whole heaven,' while listening to Peter's pungent address, cried out, 'Men and brethren, what shall we do?' 'Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of the Lord Jesus, for the remission of sins,'

answered Peter. Here were men who had a hand in crucifying Christ, or if they had no active share in that deed of darkness, they had consented to his death; they were partakers of the crime; very likely they had cried, 'Crucify him, crucify him.' They saw their sin, and were p.r.i.c.ked in the heart. Well might they repent of their rejection and crucifixion of their promised Saviour, the Son of G.o.d, from heaven. Others were devout men who had come to Jerusalem to wors.h.i.+p. Like Simeon they may have waited long for the consolation of Israel. How easy for them to enroll themselves among the followers of Christ! All alike are commanded after repentance to put on Christ by baptism. That burial with Christ was the symbol of their dying and living again--of their dying unto sin and living again unto G.o.d.

The same duties are enjoined upon you. Repent of your long rejection of the grace of G.o.d and his Son Jesus Christ, and before G.o.d and men devote yourselves to his service by a public confession of Christ in baptism.

"The jailer of Philippi was taken in the midst of his sins. He was holding the servants of Christ in his dungeon. He knew for what offence they had been seized, and he made himself a partner in the crime of persecuting them by the zest with which he thrust them into the inner prison and made their feet fast in the stocks. His conscience was ill at ease. Then came the earthquake's shock, and he felt as if called to stand face to face with his Judge. His soul was pierced through and through with a sense of guilt. 'What must I do to be saved?' he cried in the bitterness of his conviction. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved,'

answered Paul. This is the answer to all of you who are well convicted of sin and have given up all self-righteous hopes. Christ saves you. Look to Christ, ask Christ; whosoever comes to him he will in no wise cast out.

Will you not come to him? Will you not trust his promises and commit yourselves to his hands to be saved? He waits to bless you. He delights to be gracious. To save sinners he lived among men, and died and has ascended. His hands are full of gifts. He comes to you, and stands and knocks at the door of your hearts. Will you bolt the door? There is joy in heaven over repenting sinners. This alone of all earthly transactions carries joy to Christ and the angels. Accept of Christ, and earth and heaven will throb with a common joy."

These words were listened to with most earnest attention, for at that time Christ and heaven were realities in the minds of men, and salvation was a living issue. Mr. Wilton spoke as an earnest man, without cant or circ.u.mlocution, pressing upon men of thought and conscience the great concerns of eternity. The full result of this discourse will be known only when the opening of the books at the last day shall reveal it, but the beginning of the result was seen in the evening prayer-meeting. When the invitation was given for anxious persons to make known their feelings, both Ansel and Peter arose, and confessing in few words that the Spirit of G.o.d had been striving with them, and that they had been resisting the Spirit, said that now they were determined to resist no more, and asked Christians to pray for them that they might be able to submit fully to the Lord Jesus and trust entirely in him. Then there was a pause. Mr. Wilton was just on the point of rising to close the meeting when Mr. Hume rose to his feet. After a sudden start of surprise, a deep hush pa.s.sed over the congregation, and in the midst of deepest silence Mr. Hume said:

"I have been more than merely an impenitent man: I have been an unbeliever; I have been an infidel. I have not only tried to disbelieve the Holy Scripture, but I have actually disbelieved. I have thought myself wiser than the word of G.o.d. I do not mean that I have enjoyed peace, that my conscience has been at rest, and that I have been happy in my unbelief.

Three months ago I began to grow more than usually discontented with myself. Questions which I counted settled and put to rest for ever came back to trouble me. A hundred times a day the questions came, What if there be a G.o.d who holds me responsible? What if there be a future life and a judgment day? What if Christ be the Son of G.o.d? Why such questions should haunt me day and night I could not tell. I have learned to believe that the Spirit of G.o.d was speaking to me. This restlessness brought me to the church for half a day. If my object was to gain rest in unbelief, I could not have done worse. My old arguments were unavailing to break the force of the truths preached. The questions which had been sounding in my ears and echoing in my heart began to change to solemn affirmations: 'There is a G.o.d;' 'There is a day of judgment;' 'Appointed unto man once to die, and after that the judgment;' 'Christ is risen.' Texts of Scripture learned in my boyhood and forgotten long years ago came back fresh to my memory. But I will not stop to rehea.r.s.e to you all my struggles of mind for two months past. For a few weeks you have seen me here. I determined that I would try to find Christ if he manifests himself to men in these latter days. For two weeks I have tried to pray, but I have found no satisfaction. Christ has not manifested himself. My darkness has grown deeper and deeper. I have sometimes almost determined to abandon all thought of Christ and throw myself back again upon my former unbelief. But I could not lay down the subject.

"Since I began to try to pray I have felt, faintly at first, like the whisper of a suggestion, but becoming clearer and stronger, like a voice from heaven, that I must in this congregation confess my former state and the feelings which I have had. It seemed to me that I could not do this.

It seemed easier to die than to stand up here and confess that my belief, which I had pressed upon others and had boasted of as better than the gospel, had given me no peace. To-day I have been made to understand that the Spirit of G.o.d has set me face to face with this confession. I have seen what it means to be saved--that my self-will must die or I must bid adieu to Christ and hope. I cannot live and die hopeless. I cannot rest my head upon unbelief. I confess to you that all my thoughts have been wrong.

My beliefs and my unbelief have done me no good. My whole life has been enmity and opposition to the Holy Spirit. I will try to oppose the Spirit no more. I know not what the Spirit may lay upon me, I know not how soon I may break my resolution, but I now feel that I want to be saved from sin, and cannot do otherwise than follow the Spirit though I dwell in darkness for ever. If Christ reject me I cannot complain, but if you think there is hope for one who has so despised the grace of G.o.d, I entreat you to pray for me."

It is needless to say that from scores of family altars and closets supplications went up to G.o.d that night for the salvation of Mr. Hume and Ansel and Peter, and men prayed especially that Mr. Hume, who for years had been such a tower of strength to the unG.o.dly and the dread of Christians, might be saved for the glory of Christ and the confounding of unbelievers. Those prayers were heard. When the report of that meeting and that confession went out through the community, unbelievers were silent.

It was as if the G.o.d of battles had emptied his quiver into the hearts of his enemies.

CHAPTER XII.

TRANSFER OF HEAT IN s.p.a.cE.

"We now turn our attention," said Mr. Wilton, "to a new theme. In the vicissitudes of day and night and of summer and winter heat is transferred _in time_. We now are to look at the arrangements by which heat is transferred _in s.p.a.ce_. But since the transfer of heat in s.p.a.ce requires more or less of time, the means employed are such as suffice to accomplish both objects. Heat is treasured up and carried away to distant regions, and delivered up for use as occasion demands.

"In a previous lesson the inclination of the earth's axis was spoken of.

By this means the northern hemisphere of the earth is turned somewhat toward the sun during one half of the year, and receives a correspondingly larger portion of heat, while during the other half of the year the southern hemisphere is turned toward the sun and is warmed. This inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of its...o...b..t gives us the change of seasons.

"The change of seasons is manifestly designed for the welfare of man.

Along with the genial warmth of summer, fruits and grains and the comforts of life are carried far toward the poles, into regions which otherwise would be desolate with perpetual frost. But these extremes need to be softened; otherwise, the violence of the changes would prove destructive rather than beneficent. The severity of these annual changes of temperature is ameliorated by some of the grandest movements and arrangements upon our globe. These arrangements we have in a very imperfect way already examined.

"But there are other inequalities of temperature besides those of day and night, summer and winter. Pa.s.sing from the equator toward the poles, every degree of the earth's surface pa.s.sed over causes the sun to sink one degree from the zenith toward the horizon, and gives a corresponding lower temperature, till within the polar circles for a part of the year the sun is entirely hidden and winter reigns without a rival. The temperature of the sea differs from the temperature of the land; the sun comes nearer to one hemisphere than the other, and remains longer north of the equator than south. These and many other differences upon the earth give to different parts of the world every possible variety of temperature and climate. These differences of temperature upon sea and land, from zone to zone and from hemisphere to hemisphere, are equalized or ameliorated by many agencies, but chiefly by a transfer of heat in s.p.a.ce, a transfer of heat from place to place.

"I do not need to tell you that while we in the northern hemisphere are enjoying the warmth of summer the southern hemisphere is enduring the severities of winter, and in turn, when winter comes to us, summer smiles upon the nations that live south of the equator. You also remember that the orbit of the earth is not an exact circle, but an ellipse, that is, what is sometimes called in common language a long circle. For this reason the earth is three millions of miles nearer the sun in one part of its...o...b..t than when in another part. Can you tell us, Peter, at what season of year the earth is nearer the sun?"

"In midwinter, or about the first of January. I have always remembered it because it seemed so strange to me, when I learned it, that the sun should be nearest the earth at the coldest season of the year."

"Yes, one is reminded by it of the humorous argument that the sun must emit cold instead of heat, because when we are at the point of the earth's...o...b..t which is nearest the sun it is winter, and the higher one ascends upon mountains toward the sun, the colder he finds it. But this nearness of the sun while south of the equator would naturally give the southern hemisphere a warmer summer than the northern. For this there is a beautiful compensation. The earth pa.s.ses through her orbit more rapidly when nearer the sun, and that half of her orbit is also smaller, so that, as the result of this, the sun remains north of the equator about eight days longer than in the southern hemisphere. The sun is nearer while in the southern hemisphere, but the summer is shorter. That which the southern hemisphere gains in distance it loses in time, and that which the northern loses in distance it gains in time.