Women in the Printing Trades - BestLightNovel.com
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+------------------+-------+---------+------------------+--------+ FIRM J. Wages of all Employed. + +-------+---------+------------------+--------+ Slack Typical -- Busy (a) (b) (c) +------------------+-------+---------+--+---------------+--------+ 22_s._ to 24_s._ 0 1 34_s._ to 36_s._ 2 20_s._ " 22_s._ 0 0 32_s._ " 34_s._ 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 0 2 30_s._ " 32_s._ 3 16_s._ " 18_s._ 0 4 28_s._ " 30_s._ 0 14_s._ " 16_s._ 0 4 26_s._ " 28_s._ 3 12_s._ " 14_s._ 0 1 24_s._ " 26_s._ 1 10_s._ " 12_s._ 3 1 22_s._ " 24_s._ 0 8_s._ " 10_s._ 4 1 20_s._ " 22_s._ 3 6_s._ " 8_s._ 6 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 1 +------------------+-------+---------+------------------+--------+ s. d. s. d. s. d. Median 8 0 15 9 -- 26 4 Average 8 4 15 7 -- 25 11 +------------------+-------+---------+------------------+--------+ (a) Slack Week, Feb. 8th, 1901.
(b) Typical Week, Feb. 15th, 1901.
(c) Busy Week, March 1st, 1901.
FIRM K.
A publisher's bookbinder. _Information obtained._--Wage sheet for three selected weeks in 1898-9.
A week as slack as the slack week here given, was only experienced two or three times.
+------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ FIRM K. Typical. Busy. Slack. +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Av. Av. Av. No. _s._ _d._ No. _s._ _d._ No. _s._ _d._ +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Folders 46 13 1 55 15 8 43 8 7 (piece) +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Sewing 8 22 2 8 31 1 8 11 7 machinists (piece) +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Collators 3 26 10 3 27 2 5 14 5 (time) +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Layers-on 4 14 0 4 19 7 3 16 11 (piece) +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ Learners 2 4 1 2 8 7 2 3 7 +------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ FIRM K. Typical. Busy. Slack. +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ 36_s._ to 38_s._ 1 0 0 34_s._ " 36_s._ 0 1 0 32_s._ " 34_s._ 0 0 0 30_s._ " 32_s._ 0 7 1 28_s._ " 30_s._ 1 1 0 26_s._ " 28_s._ 1 1 0 24_s._ " 26_s._ 0 1 1 22_s._ " 24_s._ 1 2 0 20_s._ " 22_s._ 9 4 0 +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ 18_s._ to 20_s._ 3 13 2 16_s._ " 18_s._ 6 8 3 14_s._ " 16_s._ 7 14 4 12_s._ " 14_s._ 11 10 2 10_s._ " 12_s._ 13 7 15 +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ 8_s._ to 10_s._ 3 1 16 6_s._ " 8_s._ 3 0 9 4_s._ " 6_s._ 1 0 4 2_s._ " 4_s._ 1 0 2 +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Median 13 3 16 10 9 6 +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+ Quartiles 19 1 19 10 11 1 11 1 13 10 7 10 +-------------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+
FIRM L.
Compositors. _Information obtained_: Complete wages of the six hands employed through 1900.
No. 1 has been in the trade two and a half years. In 1900 she was away seven weeks (three, slack trade; two, holidays; two, ill); in the remaining forty-five weeks her wages fluctuated between 5_s._ and 18_s._ 3_d._, reached a total of 28 15_s._ 9_d._, making an average of 11_s._ 1_d._ weekly through the year, or 12_s._ 7_d._ per week employed.
No. 2 lost four weeks in 1900 through slack trade. In the remaining forty-eight weeks her wages fluctuated between 5_s._ 6_d._ and 23_s._; reached a total of 40 4_s._ 11_d._, making an average of 15_s._ 6_d._ weekly through the year.
No. 3 made 52 9_s._, working fifty-one weeks at 1 per week, making 29_s._ overtime, and taking one week's holiday; average, 20_s._ 2_d._ weekly for the year.
No. 4 made 37 16_s._ in forty-four weeks, lost five weeks through slack trade, and took three weeks' holiday; average, 14_s._ 6_d._ weekly for the year.
No. 5 made 39 1_s._ 9_d._ in forty-six weeks, lost four weeks through slack trade, was ill one week and took one week's holiday; average, 15_s._ weekly for the year.
No. 6 made 22 1_s._ 6_d._ in forty-eight weeks, lost three weeks through slack trade, was ill for one week. She was unsuccessful in her work, and only averaged 8_s._ 4_d._ a week through the year.
FIRM M.
A press warehouse. _Information obtained._--Wage list in three selected weeks.
+-----------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ FIRM M. Week Week Week Ending Ending Ending Feb. Nov. July 9th, 24th, 21st, 1900. 1899. 1899. Average Average Average wage. wage. wage. +-----------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ No. s. d. No. s. d. No. s. d. Time workers 36 15 0 37 15 6 31 13 5 Folders (piece) 41 13 3 50 14 5 31 11 10 Sewers " 7 14 7 7 13 6 12 9 1 Apprentices 11 4 1 11 4 2 5 4 4 +-----------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ FIRM M. Feb. Nov. July 9th, 24th, 21st, 1900. 1899. 1899. +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Above 26_s._ 1 1 0 24_s._ to 26_s._ 0 0 1 22_s._ " 24_s._ 0 1 0 20_s._ " 22_s._ 1 5 2 18_s._ " 20_s._ 3 6 1 16_s._ " 18_s._ 14 19 1 14_s._ " 16_s._ 25 22 19 12_s._ " 14_s._ 16 18 20 10_s._ " 12_s._ 12 15 15 8_s._ " 10_s._ 8 4 3 6_s._ " 8_s._ 3 3 3 4_s._ " 6_s._ 0 0 5 2_s._ " 4_s._ 1 0 4 +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Median 14 3 14 9 12 9 +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Quartiles 15 9 17 0 14 9 10 9 12 2 11 1 +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Dispersion 19 16 14 +------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ (Excluding Apprentices.)
FIRM N.
Bookbinders. _Information obtained._--Complete wage sheets for three selected weeks. Folders, piece; collators, time.
+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ FIRM N. Dec. Oct. Aug. 15th, 6th, 18th, 1899. 1899. 1899. Busy Typical Slack Week. Week. Week. Average Average Average wage. wage. wage. +-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ No. s. d. No. s. d. No. s. d. Collators 18 15 7 17 11 3 18 11 0 Folders 20 13 9 12 11 10 9 9 0 Learners 16 4 6 5 4 1 7 2 9 +-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+ 1 Sewing Machinist, 23_s._ 9_d._
+------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ FIRM N. Dec. Oct. Aug. 15th, 6th, 18th, 1899. 1899. 1899. Busy Typical Slack Week. Week. Week. +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 20_s._ to 22_s._ 4 1 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 3 1 1 16_s._ " 18_s._ 10 1 0 14_s._ " 16_s._ 10 6 3 12_s._ " 14_s._ 1 10 5 10_s._ " 12_s._ 4 6 10 8_s._ " 10_s._ 2 3 1 6_s._ " 8_s._ 2 1 3 4_s._ " 6_s._ 0 1 3 2_s._ " 4_s._ 2 0 1 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Median 15 8 12 9 11 3 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Quartiles 16 6 14 6 12 9 11 10 11 0 8 0 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Dispersion 16 16 21 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ (Excluding Learners.)
FIRM O.
_Information obtained._--Wage lists in three selected weeks, probably in first half of 1900. Five hands.
+-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+ FIRM O. Typical Week. Busy. Slack. +-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Folder 17 6 20 0 12 6 St.i.tcher 21 0 26 0 15 0 Sewer 12 0 15 0 8 6 Laying-on 12 0 15 0 11 0 Learner 5 0 5 0 5 0 +-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+
FIRM P.
_Information obtained._--Wage lists in three selected weeks. Wages of twelve selected workers in these weeks.
+------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ FIRM P. Aug. Dec. Dec. 11th, 15th, 22nd, 1899. 1899. 1899. +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ 1 at 1 at 1 at 27_s._ 28_s._ 30_s._ 4_d._ 2_d._ 8_d._ Above 24_s._ 0 2 0 22_s._ to 24_s._ 0 0 2 20_s._ " 22_s._ 0 1 12 18_s._ " 20_s._ 0 13 24 16_s._ " 18_s._ 8 23 21 14_s._ " 16_s._ 17 30 21 12_s._ " 14_s._ 26 20 13 10_s._ " 12_s._ 24 9 9 8_s._ " 10_s._ 10 7 1 6_s._ " 8_s._ 3 0 1 4_s._ " 6_s._ 1 0 0 -- --- --- 90 106 105 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Median 15 0 15 3 16 8 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Quartiles 14 0 17 2 19 2 10 8 13 0 14 3 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Dispersion 11 14 15 +------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
FIRM Q.
_Information obtained._--Wage lists in eleven selected weeks. Work done--machine ruling in its higher branches, usually done by men; also paging and numbering (see table, p. 131).
+------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ FIRM Q. 1890. 1891. 1897. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Nov. 8th. May 9th. May 14th. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 20_s._ to 22_s._ 3 3 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 2 2 3 16_s._ " 18_s._ 9 6 4 14_s._ " 16_s._ 9 8 11 12_s._ " 14_s._ 15 14 12 10_s._ " 12_s._ 5 7 6 8_s._ " 10_s._ 6 9 6 6_s._ " 8_s._ 6 8 10 4_s._ " 6_s._ 8 8 6 2_s._ " 4_s._ 5 6 1 0_s._ " 2_s._ 0 0 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 68 71 59 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Median 12 6 11 3 12 2 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Quartiles 15 4 14 3 14 6 7 4 7 0 7 7 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Dispersion 3 3 3 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ FIRM Q. 1897. 1898. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Nov. 12th. May 13th. Nov. 11th. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 20_s._ to 22_s._ 0 3 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 2 4 2 16_s._ " 18_s._ 6 5 7 14_s._ " 16_s._ 10 8 10 12_s._ " 14_s._ 12 13 12 10_s._ " 12_s._ 6 4 5 8_s._ " 10_s._ 7 8 8 6_s._ " 8_s._ 7 4 4 4_s._ " 6_s._ 3 2 4 2_s._ " 4_s._ 3 5 6 0_s._ " 2_s._ 0 0 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 56 56 58 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Median 12 4 12 10 12 4 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Quartiles 14 9 15 6 15 0 8 2 8 9 8 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Dispersion 3 28 3 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ FIRM Q. 1899. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Feb. 10th. May 12th. Aug. 11th. +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 20_s._ to 22_s._ 0 0 0 18_s._ " 20_s._ 4 3 2 16_s._ " 18_s._ 6 8 1 14_s._ " 16_s._ 10 6 4 12_s._ " 14_s._ 11 9 6 10_s._ " 12_s._ 6 10 10 8_s._ " 10_s._ 3 5 8 6_s._ " 8_s._ 4 5 6 4_s._ " 6_s._ 7 9 4 2_s._ " 4_s._ 7 2 8 0_s._ " 2_s._ 0 0 1 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ 58 57 50 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Median 12 0 11 4 9 6 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Quartiles 15 0 15 0 13 0 6 0 7 3 6 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ Dispersion 4 35 37 +------------------+------------+-----------+------------+ FIRM Q. 1899. +------------------+------------+-----------+ Nov. 10th. Dec. 8th. +------------------+------------+-----------+ 20_s._ to 22_s._ 0 1 18_s._ " 20_s._ 2 2 16_s._ " 18_s._ 10 9 14_s._ " 16_s._ 9 10 12_s._ " 14_s._ 7 10 10_s._ " 12_s._ 5 7 8_s._ " 10_s._ 7 4 6_s._ " 8_s._ 5 6 4_s._ " 6_s._ 6 14 2_s._ " 4_s._ 8 1 0_s._ " 2_s._ 0 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+ 59 64 +------------------+------------+-----------+ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +------------------+------------+-----------+ Median 10 0 12 0 +------------------+------------+-----------+ Quartiles 15 4 15 2 6 4 6 4 +------------------+------------+-----------+ Dispersion 41 35 +------------------+------------+-----------+
Additional information from other firms, 1900-1901:--
FIRM R. Bookbinders. Folders and sewers, 14_s._, 15_s._; head banders, 15_s._; forty-eight hours weekly all the year.
FIRM S. Eleven numberers; median, 17_s._ 8_d._
FIRM T. Printing works. Piece workers make 5_d._ an hour; time workers, 5_d._ Four compositors: average, busy week, 23_s._ 2_d._; typical, 19_s._ 11_d._; slack, 18_s._ 9_d._
FIRM U. Vellum sewers, 12_s._ to 13_s._ all the year round; numerical printers, average week, 15_s._ to 16_s._; slack week, 10_s._
FIRM V.
No. Median. Quartiles.
Folders (piece work): _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Slack week 38 12 1 9 6 16 0 Typical week 44 15 6 15 6 20 9 Busy week 38 20 1 17 10 20 0
Counters (time workers). St.i.tchers. 1 Packer.
No. Median. No. Median.
_s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ Slack Week 16 10 0 9 9 9 19 1 Typical Week 14 11 6 9 11 7 20 0 Busy week 14 11 7 9 11 2 20 0
In this case there is very little to choose between the weeks entered as "typical" and "busy" by the employer.
FIRM W.
Two compositors make, at 5_d._ an hour, 22_s._ or 23_s._ nearly every week in the year.
The inclusion of the eighty-four workers, of whom we have sufficient details in firms R. to W., would affect the figures on p. 133 below very slightly, raising the median and upper quartile 2_d._, and increasing the proportion between 18_s._ and 22_s._ to 13 per cent. of the whole instead of 12 per cent.
II.--GENERAL GROUPING OF WAGES.
The material is not sufficiently complete or h.o.m.ogeneous to allow any complete account of wages at any date; but the tables now given (supplemented occasionally by the raw material) allow us to offer an estimate of the grouping in a typical week of 1899, supposing each firm to be paying typical wages in one and the same week. This method is rough, and will not support any fine calculations to be based on it; but at the same time it affords a view, sufficiently accurate for most purposes, of the general trend and distribution of wages. All cla.s.ses of workers, except apprentices and learners, are included.
