A. Lincoln_ A Biography Part 31

he decided to help his father move David Lurnham (WHH interview), September 15, 1865, David Lurnham (WHH interview), September 15, 1865, HI, HI, 121. 121.

Lincoln family camped in the village square John Hanks (WHH interview) [1865-66], John Hanks (WHH interview) [1865-66], HI, HI, 456. 456.

Lincoln made his first political speech Jane Martin Johns, Jane Martin Johns, Personal Recollections of Early Decatur, Abraham Lincoln, Richard J. Oglesby and the Civil War, Personal Recollections of Early Decatur, Abraham Lincoln, Richard J. Oglesby and the Civil War, ed. Howard C. Schaub (Decatur, 111.: Decatur Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, 1912), 60-61. ed. Howard C. Schaub (Decatur, 111.: Decatur Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, 1912), 60-61.

CHAPTER 4. 4. Rendering Myself Worthy of Their Esteem: 1831-34 Rendering Myself Worthy of Their Esteem: 1831-34 alongflatboat John Hanks reported that the flatboat was eighty feet long and eighteen feet wide. John Hanks to WHH (interview), June 13, 1865, John Hanks reported that the flatboat was eighty feet long and eighteen feet wide. John Hanks to WHH (interview), June 13, 1865, HI, HI, 44. 44.

community of NewSalem first met Lhis story was remembered by many of the residents of New Salem. William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, Lhis story was remembered by many of the residents of New Salem. William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, HI, HI, 17. 17.

"A stopped indefinitely" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:64. 4:64.

first farmers called The story of the early settlers on the prairies is told by John Mack Faragher, The story of the early settlers on the prairies is told by John Mack Faragher, Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986), 62-63. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986), 62-63.

"Camp meetings are all the rage" Charles James Fox Clarke to Mary Clarke, August 22, 1836, ALPLM. Charles James Fox Clarke to Mary Clarke, August 22, 1836, ALPLM.

"slept on the same cott" William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, HI, HI, 17-18. 17-18.

into a contest he didn't choose Douglas L. Wilson lias researched the conflicting tales of the wrestling match in his chapter, "Wrestling with the Evidence," in Douglas L. Wilson lias researched the conflicting tales of the wrestling match in his chapter, "Wrestling with the Evidence," in Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 19-51. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), 19-51.

"Frequently when Mr. L" James Short to WHH, July 7, 1865, James Short to WHH, July 7, 1865, HI, HI, 73-74. 73-74.

"I foxed his pants" Hannah Armstrong (WHH interview), [1866], Hannah Armstrong (WHH interview), [1866], HI, HI, 525-526. 525-526.

"blue round about coat" Robert Rutledge to WHH, November 1, 1865; Robert Rutledge to WHH, November 1, 1865; HI, HI, 382. 382.

"I am well aware" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, January 26, 1832. January 26, 1832.

"Springfield can no longer" Ibid. Ibid.

FELLOW-CITIZENS Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, March 15, 1832. March 15, 1832.

Indians had left their settlements See prologue, See prologue, The Black Hawk War, 1831-1832, The Black Hawk War, 1831-1832, ed. Ellen M. Whitney (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1970), 1:1-51. ed. Ellen M. Whitney (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1970), 1:1-51.

Black Hawk See Roger L. Nichols, See Roger L. Nichols, Black Hawk and the Warrior's Path Black Hawk and the Warrior's Path (Arlington Heights, 111.: Harlan Davidson, 1992). (Arlington Heights, 111.: Harlan Davidson, 1992).

Lincoln promptly volunteered Harry E. Pratt, "Lincoln in the Black Hawk War, " Harry E. Pratt, "Lincoln in the Black Hawk War, " Bulletin of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation Bulletin of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation 54 (December 1938): 4. 54 (December 1938): 4.

put forward Lincoln's name William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, William G. Greene to WHH (interview), May 30, 1865, HI, HI, 18; William G. Green (WHH interview), October 9, 1865, 18; William G. Green (WHH interview), October 9, 1865, HI, HI, 368. 368.

"to his own surprise" AL, Autobiography, AL, Autobiography, CW, CW, 4:64. 4:64.

"a good and true man" William G. Greene to WHH (interview), William G. Greene to WHH (interview), HI, HI, 18-19. 18-19.

"This is cowardly" Royal Clary (WHH interview), [October 1866?], Royal Clary (WHH interview), [October 1866?], HI, HI, 372. 372.

"He says he has not" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:64. 4:64.

Fellow Citizens, I presume HL, HL, 75. 75.

"As he rose to speak" Robert B. Rutledge to WHH, [ca. November 1, 1866], Robert B. Rutledge to WHH, [ca. November 1, 1866], HI, HI, 384. 384.

"After he was twenty-three "AL, "Autobiography," "AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:62. 4:62.

Kirkham's Grammar Grammar Samuel Kirkham, Samuel Kirkham, English Grammar in Familiar Lectures English Grammar in Familiar Lectures (Rochester, N.Y.: Marshall and Dan, 1829), 8. A Kirkham grammar, one Lincoln owned and gave to Ann Rutledge, is now in the Library of Congress. Lhis copy was handed down through the family of Ann Rutledge, a young woman Lincoln courted in New Salem. Lhere is no evidence that this was the grammar Lincoln acquired from the farmer Vance. (Rochester, N.Y.: Marshall and Dan, 1829), 8. A Kirkham grammar, one Lincoln owned and gave to Ann Rutledge, is now in the Library of Congress. Lhis copy was handed down through the family of Ann Rutledge, a young woman Lincoln courted in New Salem. Lhere is no evidence that this was the grammar Lincoln acquired from the farmer Vance.

"read by fire light" J. Rowan Herndon to WHH, July 3, 1865, J. Rowan Herndon to WHH, July 3, 1865, HI, HI, 69. 69.

"His mind was full" Isaac Cogdal (WHH Interview), [1865-66], Isaac Cogdal (WHH Interview), [1865-66], HI, HI, 441. 441.

"read some" Abner Y. Ellis (statement for WHH), January 23, 1866, Abner Y. Ellis (statement for WHH), January 23, 1866, HI, Mill. HI, Mill.

while in prison Eric Foner, Eric Foner, Tom Vaine ana Revolutionary America Tom Vaine ana Revolutionary America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), 211. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), 211.

"Burns helped Lincoln" James H. Matheny (WHH Interview), March 2, 1870, James H. Matheny (WHH Interview), March 2, 1870, HI, HI, 577. 577.

a paper read one evening paper read one evening John Hill to WHH, June 27, 1865, Hi, 61. John Hill to WHH, June 27, 1865, Hi, 61.

"He studied" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

"Of course they did nothing" Ibid. Ibid.

"The store winked out" Ibid. Ibid.

"too insignificant" Ibid. Ibid.

the mail came Benjamin P. Thomas, Benjamin P. Thomas, Abraham Lincoln: A Biography Abraham Lincoln: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 38. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), 38.

As postmaster See Benjamin Thomas, "Lincoln the Postmaster," See Benjamin Thomas, "Lincoln the Postmaster," Bulletin of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation Bulletin of the Abraham Lincoln a.s.sociation 31 (June 1933): 3-9. 31 (June 1933): 3-9.

"generally Read forthe By Standers" J. Rowan Herndon to WHH, August 16, 1865, Hi, 92. Rowan Herndon to WHH, August 16, 1865, Hi, 92.

Lincoln began reading See Thomas, "Lincoln the Postmaster," 7. See Thomas, "Lincoln the Postmaster," 7.

"His textbook" Mentor Graham to WHH (interview), May 29, 1865, Mentor Graham to WHH (interview), May 29, 1865, HI, HI, 10. 10.

"[I] accepted" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

as his deputy Wilson, Wilson, Honor's Voice, Honor's Voice, 148. 148.

he would not compromise John Moore Fisk (WHH interview), February 18, 1887, John Moore Fisk (WHH interview), February 18, 1887, HI, HI, 715. 715.

knew nothing about surveying Adin Baber, Adin Baber, A. Lincoln with Compa.s.s and Chain A. Lincoln with Compa.s.s and Chain (Kansas, 111.: Privately printed, 1968), 11. (Kansas, 111.: Privately printed, 1968), 11.

G.o.dbey employed Lincoln "Certificate of Survey for Russell G.o.dbey," January 14, 1834, "Certificate of Survey for Russell G.o.dbey," January 14, 1834, CW, CW, 1:20-21. 1:20-21.

"staid with me all night" Russell G.o.dbey (WHH interview), [1865-66], Russell G.o.dbey (WHH interview), [1865-66], HI, HI, 449. 449.

"This procured bread" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

"Everyone knew him" Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, HI, HI, 201. 201.

build national party machinery Michael Holt, Michael Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 35. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 35.

"theycould notvote"J. Rowan Herndon to WHH, May 28, 1865, Rowan Herndon to WHH, May 28, 1865, HI, HI, 8. 8.

"I voted for Lincoln" Russell G.o.dbey (WHH Interview), [1865-66], Russell G.o.dbey (WHH Interview), [1865-66], HI, HI, 449. 449.

CHAPTER 5. 5. The Whole People of'sangamon: 1834-37 The Whole People of'sangamon: 1834-37 "Did you vote for me?" Coleman Smoot to WHH, May 7, 1866, Coleman Smoot to WHH, May 7, 1866, HI, ISA. HI, ISA.

a capital invented by politicians See William E. Baringer, See William E. Baringer, Lincoln's Vandalia: A Pioneer Portrait Lincoln's Vandalia: A Pioneer Portrait (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1949), 12-14. (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1949), 12-14.

Farmers const.i.tuted the largest group Ibid., 40. Ibid., 40.

writing for them Baringer, Ibid., 62-63. Baringer, Ibid., 62-63.

a brief letter SangamoJournal, SangamoJournal, December 13, 1834; January 31, 1835; and February 7, 1835. December 13, 1834; January 31, 1835; and February 7, 1835.

"There was no danger" AL, "Speech in Illinois Legislature Concerning the Surveyor of Schuyler County," January 6, 1835, AL, "Speech in Illinois Legislature Concerning the Surveyor of Schuyler County," January 6, 1835, CW, CW, 1:31. 1:31.

"I always thought" Abner Y Ellis to WHH, December 6, 1866, Abner Y Ellis to WHH, December 6, 1866, HI, HI, 500. 500.

creditors pressed various judgments A fresh reading calls into question the traditional a.s.sumption that Lincoln spent his entire time boarding with families. When the village of New Salem was reconstructed in the 1930s, the planners used a plat from 1829 that did not show the additional homes and businesses built in the 1830s. Furthermore, the execution of judgment in March 1835 of Lincoln's personal property lias always been read that Lincoln owned two horses, but new digital technology has shown the doc.u.ment actually reads a "horse" and a "house." Recent historical and archaeological investigation suggests Lincoln was the owner of "the undivided half of lots 16 & 17 north of Main Street New Salem." Lhese findings show that Lincoln, by 1835, was already a responsible property owner. See Lhomas Schwartz, "Finding the Missing Link: A Promissory Note and the Lost Lown of Pappsville," Historical Bulletin Number 51 (Lhe Lincoln Fellows.h.i.+p of Wisconsin, 1996), pp. 10-11, and Robert Mazrim, "Magnificent Storehouse and Forgotten Lot Lines: New Light on Lincoln and Store keeping in New Salem." A fresh reading calls into question the traditional a.s.sumption that Lincoln spent his entire time boarding with families. When the village of New Salem was reconstructed in the 1930s, the planners used a plat from 1829 that did not show the additional homes and businesses built in the 1830s. Furthermore, the execution of judgment in March 1835 of Lincoln's personal property lias always been read that Lincoln owned two horses, but new digital technology has shown the doc.u.ment actually reads a "horse" and a "house." Recent historical and archaeological investigation suggests Lincoln was the owner of "the undivided half of lots 16 & 17 north of Main Street New Salem." Lhese findings show that Lincoln, by 1835, was already a responsible property owner. See Lhomas Schwartz, "Finding the Missing Link: A Promissory Note and the Lost Lown of Pappsville," Historical Bulletin Number 51 (Lhe Lincoln Fellows.h.i.+p of Wisconsin, 1996), pp. 10-11, and Robert Mazrim, "Magnificent Storehouse and Forgotten Lot Lines: New Light on Lincoln and Store keeping in New Salem." Archival Studies Bulletin Archival Studies Bulletin 4 (Sangamo Archaeological Center, 2005), pp. 11-12. 4 (Sangamo Archaeological Center, 2005), pp. 11-12.

common for debtors Winkle, Winkle, Young Eagle, Young Eagle, 99. 99.

Lincoln's first employer J. Rowan Herndon, October 26, 1866, Rowan Herndon, October 26, 1866, HI, HI, 378. 378.

earned a nickname On Lincoln's nickname "Honest Abe," see Donald, On Lincoln's nickname "Honest Abe," see Donald, Lincoln, Lincoln, 149, 244. 149, 244.

tract of land "Doc.u.ment Drawn for James Eastep," November 12, 1831, "Doc.u.ment Drawn for James Eastep," November 12, 1831, CW, CW, 1:3-4. 1:3-4.

"right and t.i.tle" "Bill of Sale Drawn for John Ferguson," January 25, 1832, "Bill of Sale Drawn for John Ferguson," January 25, 1832, CW, CW, 1:4. 1:4.

"as there [were] no Attorneys" Jason Duncan to WHH [late 1866-early 1867], Jason Duncan to WHH [late 1866-early 1867], HI, HI, 540. 540.

"he thought of trying" CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

Stuart was from Kentucky Paul M. Angle, Paul M. Angle, One Hundred Years of Law: An Account of the Law Office Which John One Hundred Years of Law: An Account of the Law Office Which John T. T. Stuart Founded in Springfield, Illinois, a Century Ago Stuart Founded in Springfield, Illinois, a Century Ago (Springfield, 111.: Brown, Hay and Stephens, 1928). (Springfield, 111.: Brown, Hay and Stephens, 1928).

"Regular instruction" Josiah Quincy, "An Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Dane Law College in Harvard University, October 23, 1832," in Josiah Quincy, "An Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Dane Law College in Harvard University, October 23, 1832," in The Legal Mind in America: From Independence to the Civil War, The Legal Mind in America: From Independence to the Civil War, ed. Perry Miller (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962), 210-11. ed. Perry Miller (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1962), 210-11.

"uncouth looking man" H. E. Dummer (WHH interview), [1865-66], H. E. Dummer (WHH interview), [1865-66], HI, HI, 442. 442.

"seemed to have but little to say" Paul M. Angle, "Lhe Record of a Friends.h.i.+p-A Series of Letters from Lincoln to Henry E. Dummer," Paul M. Angle, "Lhe Record of a Friends.h.i.+p-A Series of Letters from Lincoln to Henry E. Dummer," JISHS JISHS 31 (June 1938): 125-27. 31 (June 1938): 125-27.

"went at it" AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

"on a goods box" Henry McHenry to WHH (interview), May 29, 1865, box" Henry McHenry to WHH (interview), May 29, 1865, HI, HI, 14. 14.

His favorite place of study William Dean Howe 11s, William Dean Howe 11s, Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin (Columbus, Ohio: Follett, Foster and Company, 1860), 31. (Columbus, Ohio: Follett, Foster and Company, 1860), 31.

"While acting as their representative" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, June 13, 1836 June 13, 1836 Andrew Jackson ... declined See Richard P. McCormick, "Was Lhere a 'Whig Strategy' in 1836?" See Richard P. McCormick, "Was Lhere a 'Whig Strategy' in 1836?" Journal of Early Republic Journal of Early Republic 4 (Spring 1984): 47-70; Glyndon G. Van Deusen, "Lhe Whig Party," in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed., 4 (Spring 1984): 47-70; Glyndon G. Van Deusen, "Lhe Whig Party," in Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., ed., History of U.S. Political Parties History of U.S. Political Parties (New York: Chelsea House, 1973), 333-493. (New York: Chelsea House, 1973), 333-493.

"Ifalive" SangamoJournal, SangamoJournal, June 13, 1836. June 13, 1836.

nothing about presidential politics Winkle, Winkle, Young Eagle, Young Eagle, 118. 118.

"Mr. Lincoln took" Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, HI, HI, 202-3. 202-3.

"The present legislature" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, January 6, 1837. January 6, 1837.

three future governors Paul Simon, Paul Simon, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971), 49-50. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971), 49-50.

a twenty-three-year-old attorney See Johannsen, See Johannsen, Douglas, Douglas, 24-25. 24-25.

Politics became his pa.s.sion Ibid., 24-25.

"It is now time" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, November 19, 1836. November 19, 1836.

Lincoln was adamant Simon, Simon, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness, 52. 52.

"never for one moment" Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, Robert L. Wilson to WHH, February 10, 1866, HI, HI, 204. 204.

"the unfortunate condition" House Journal, House Journal, Tenth General a.s.sembly, First Session, 243-44. Tenth General a.s.sembly, First Session, 243-44.

"They believe that" "Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery," "Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery," CW, CW, 1:74-75. 1:74-75.

called "cautious" Donald, Donald, Lincoln, Lincoln, 63. 63.

paused to recall his protest AL, "Autobiography," AL, "Autobiography," CW, CW, 4:65. 4:65.

CHAPTER 6. 6. Without Contemplating Consequences: 1837-42 Without Contemplating Consequences: 1837-42 walked about the store with Lincoln Joshua F. Speed (statement for WHH), [by 1882], Hi, 590. Joshua F. Speed (statement for WHH), [by 1882], Hi, 590.

"J.T Stuart and A. Lincoln" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, April 15, 1837. April 15, 1837.

"It is probably cheap" Speed, Speed, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, 21-22. 21-22.

"I never saw so gloomy" Joshua Speed (statement for WHH), [by 1882] Joshua Speed (statement for WHH), [by 1882] HI, HI, 590. 590.

an unprepossessing town Paul Angle, Paul Angle, "Here I Have Lived": A History of Lincoln's Springfield, 1821-1865 "Here I Have Lived": A History of Lincoln's Springfield, 1821-1865 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1935), 45-46. (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1935), 45-46.

"The owner of real estate" Sangamo Journal, Sangamo Journal, February 20, 1837. February 20, 1837.