Jovinian Part 2

"Can those marble figures render you any service, think you?" asked Jovinian, as they walked on.

"I know not; but my betters say so, and it is as well to be on the safe side," answered the Numidian, with a shrug of his shoulders.

"But suppose they represent demons instead of divine beings, if you invoke them they are more likely to do you harm than good; and knowing, as I do, that there is but one true, all-powerful G.o.d, I am sure that He does not allow any inferior creatures to interfere between Him and man,"

replied Jovinian. "We, who are His children through faith in His Son, can go direct to Him in prayer, requiring no other intercessor but our Lord and Master, nor any symbol to aid us in wors.h.i.+pping Him."

"Yours seems a very simple faith; and if I thought that the one great and all-powerful G.o.d of whom you speak would hear my prayers and grant them, I would cease to wors.h.i.+p all the G.o.ds and G.o.ddesses, whose very names I have a difficulty in remembering, and would trust only to Him,"

answered Eros.

"You would act most wisely and happily for yourself," said Jovinian.

"Come with me into yonder building; I see several persons entering who, by their dress and demeanour, I know to be Christians."

Eros made no objection. The edifice was enclosed by a wall, which shut out those within from public gaze. Pa.s.sing through a door, they entered a s.p.a.cious hall capable of containing several hundred persons. No statues nor pictures were to be seen; at the further end was a raised desk, at which stood a lector or reader, while a higher desk at the same part of the building, formed like a rostrum, served for the preacher who was to address the congregation. In the centre stood a long table, with seats round it, while the remainder of the area was filled with benches in rows, so arranged that their occupants could look towards the lector and preacher. The building was filling fast; in a few minutes all the seats were occupied. Shortly afterwards an aged man, habited in a toga, entering, took his seat on a chair close to the rostrum; then, standing up, after a minute of silent prayer, he gave out a hymn, in which the whole of the congregation joined. Portions of the Gospel and Epistles were read; a prayer was then offered up, in which all the congregation joined. After another hymn, the presbyter ascended the rostrum, and delivered an address. It explained simply the principles of the Christian faith, and the plan of salvation offered by G.o.d to sinful man.

Eros listened attentively, and drank in every word. He sighed when it terminated. Another hymn having been sung, the congregation began to separate.

"Would that I could hear more of it!" the slave observed to Jovinian; "after this I can never again pray to the stocks and stones which I have hitherto called my G.o.ds."

"You can come as often as you like; and there are several other places in Rome where a.s.semblies of the faithful are wont to be held, thanks to the liberality of the emperor, who allows the Christians to meet everywhere as they desire," said Jovinian. "But I would urge you to speak forthwith to the presbyter who delivered the discourse, or to the venerable overseer who presided; or, if you would prefer it, I would take you to the house of my relative Amulius. He is always ready to give instruction; and there are some, I fear, holding false doctrines, who would mislead you as to the principles of our holy faith."

"What, do you Christians differ from each other in your belief?" asked the Numidian, in a tone of surprise.

"Alas! I am told that there are many who call themselves Christians, holding opinions contrary to those taught by the Holy Scriptures," said Jovinian; "but they differ greatly one from the other. Such was the case even in the time of the apostles, and we cannot expect it to be otherwise at present, when men in their pride of reason refuse to submit themselves to the plain teaching of Christ."

"You appear to have thought much on these subjects, for one so young,"

observed the Numidian.

"I have been well instructed by those who know the truth, and have ever sought guidance from G.o.d's Holy Spirit," answered Jovinian.

Eros was silent; he was pondering deeply on what he had heard.

Jovinian, on his return to the college, retired to his room. Gaius was still absent; he was too much engaged when he returned, fortunately for Jovinian, to question him as to where he had been during his walk. The pontiff was acute enough to discover that he was not likely to win his nephew over to a belief in idolatry; but he hoped, by giving him the writings of the Greek philosophers, and of their numerous disciples and imitators of the present time, so to draw his mind away from the truth that he might be willing to enter into his schemes, and to become in reality a sceptic in all religious matters, as he was himself, with one exception: if, indeed, he had any belief, it was in the great G.o.ddess of Babylon--Astarte or Ashtaroth, the Queen of Heaven--whose wors.h.i.+p, having spread through Asia into Egypt, had, with that of her son Horos, long been established in Italy under different names. In Egypt she was known as Isis, in Rome as Bellona. He, as was the case with the other pontiffs, had long been initiated into her mysteries, and he trusted that in time his nephew would be qualified to become one of her votaries. Her wors.h.i.+p had, indeed, ever been the most popular, and provided that could be maintained, he felt sure that it would successfully oppose the two principles of the Christian faith, which he understood to consist in the belief of one G.o.d and one mediator between G.o.d and man. He was not aware of the power of simple faith when he thus entertained hopes of winning over his nephew, or that Jovinian went daily to the fountain-head to seek for that strength he so much needed in order to resist the temptations presented to him. Jovinian soon discovered the tendency of the works his uncle gave him, and as he read he sought for grace to refute their sophistries; nor did he seek in vain. He found, however, that it was wise not to enter into discussions with Gaius, who fully believed that ere long his nephew's faith would be completely overcome. The pontiff now began to open his views to Jovinian, and to excite his ambition with the prospect, should he follow his advice, of becoming great and powerful, and ruling his fellow-creatures through their superst.i.tion, he frequently invited him out, taking the precaution to have a slave following close at hand to stop him should he attempt to escape, though he believed that there was now little probability of his doing so. At length, so complete was the confidence he placed in him, that he allowed him to be present at the councils of the pontiffs, where, seated, his book in hand, at the further end of the hall, his presence was not observed. Jovinian, very naturally, did not object to this, nor could he fail to be interested in the discussions he frequently overheard.

CHAPTER SIX.

A DEBATE.

At length, one evening, the whole of the pontiffs of the sacred college were a.s.sembled, and it was evident from their manner that a matter of more than usual importance was to be brought forward. The G.o.ds being invoked, and the usual forms hurried over, Coecus, who acted as president, rose.

"Friends and brother pontiffs," he began, "disastrous news has reached me. You well know that the emperor has long been favourable to the Christians. He has now openly declared himself a convert to their faith. His motive it is easy to perceive: he considers that the Christians throughout the empire already outnumber the followers of the ancient faith; and perchance he hopes to obtain pardon from the G.o.d of the Christians for the murder of his son, the hapless Crispus, of his wife, the traduced Fausta, of his nephew, and brother-in-law, Licinius, and the many others his jealousy has doomed to death. Be that as it may, his acts show enmity to the ancient faith; he has already in the East destroyed numerous temples of the G.o.ds, and prohibited the celebration of many of those august mysteries which have existed from time immemorial. Holding, as he does, the office of Pontifex Maximus, putting us and our holy college on one side, he has taken upon himself the right to raise the ministers of the Christians to high ranks and dignities, and has issued edicts accordingly, so that from henceforth those men whom we have hitherto looked down upon will, claiming the authority of the emperor, vaunt it over us; and, what is of more consequence, will obtain the revenues which have hitherto flowed into our coffers; while we, neglected and degraded, must sink into insignificance. Are we, I ask, my friends, tamely to submit to such treatment? Are no means to be found to arrest the progress of this pestiferous religion, which so many of wealth and rank are eagerly embracing, and which, now it has become fas.h.i.+onable at court, will still further increase? Can no one suggest a scheme by which we may retain our office, and still, as of yore, govern the minds of the mult.i.tude?

Unless some plan can be devised, I warn you all that our course is run, and penury and neglect must be our lot."

Silence followed the address of Coecus--a groan alone now and then escaping from the bosoms of the pontiffs; for they had not watched the rapid increase of the Christian faith among all ranks without being conscious that the system which they supported was tottering to its base. At length, one by one, they broke silence; but their proposals were treated as vain and useless by the sagacious Coecus.

"We have but one resource, my friends," he answered; "far from giving way to despair, I feel confident that it will succeed, if carried out with due wisdom and secrecy. But we must be united, and by forming strict rules for our guidance, we shall still retain our power and influence, and govern the minds, not only of the people of Rome, but of those of the nations subject to her. We ourselves must become Christians! Some few may doubt our conversion, but the great ma.s.s will gladly welcome us, and continue to pay us the honour we have hitherto received. I say not this till after profound reflection. Our sacred college will still exist, and by the exertion of our influence, we shall obtain the appointment of the bishops and presbyters of the Christians, chosen either from our own body or from among such men as we shall find ready to support us. We shall have but to change the names of the G.o.ds.

Already have many of the Christians begun to wors.h.i.+p those whom they esteem holy or who were put to death in the times of Nero, Diocletian, and other emperors. Their folly will greatly facilitate our object, and it will matter little to us under what names the immortal G.o.ds are wors.h.i.+pped. We may, by proper caution, induce them to adore our own great G.o.ddess, the Queen of Heaven,--she who has been, shall be, and whose mysterious existence none among mortals can comprehend. Be it known to you, my friends, that He whom these Nazarenes wors.h.i.+p, the Prophet of Nazareth, was, they say, born of a woman; and surely, as they adore Him, so may they easily be induced to adore His mother; and it appears to me that they can be led away from the wors.h.i.+p they pay to Him, to offer it to one whom we would present to them in the place of that human mother. Thus shall we by degrees wean them from the faith they now hold,--if we cannot openly oppose the progress of this new religion, we can corrupt it,--and if the G.o.ds and G.o.ddesses of ancient Rome are overthrown, we can place other objects of wors.h.i.+p in their stead, or re-name them, rather, from the persons whom the Christians are wont to regard with respect. Those who have been taught to wors.h.i.+p a dead Caesar will as willingly fall down before the statue of a woman whom they consider a saint; thus it will give us but little trouble to change the religious observances and ceremonies to which the people have been accustomed to suit the new religion. Let us not, then, give way to despair: Rome will continue, as of yore, faithful to the wors.h.i.+p of the ancient G.o.ds, and we, their priests, shall retain our power and influence."

The scheme proposed by Coecus met with general approbation. Jovinian had retained his seat, his eyes fixed on his ma.n.u.script, but attentively listening to all that was uttered. The words he heard, "If we cannot overcome, we can corrupt," especially struck his ear; he was too well acquainted with the errors which had crept in among the a.s.semblies of the Christians not to be sensible that even those who held the faith might be led astray: how much more easily might the ignorant idolaters be led to wors.h.i.+p any objects presented to them! As he sat motionless in his place of concealment, yet more of the scheme was revealed; the characters of the very persons who were to be made its instruments were discussed. A feeling of horror and dismay crept over him. Could he by any means be enabled to counteract it? He resolved to take counsel of his aged friend, Gentia.n.u.s. So strictly had he hitherto been watched that he knew full well the difficulties to be encountered in making his escape; should his uncle Gaius discover that he had been present he would guard him still more closely. He dared not move lest he might be seen; at present he was concealed from the a.s.sembled pontiffs by a pillar, but the slightest movement might betray him. At length the conclave broke up, and drawing their togas around them, the pontiffs retired. Jovinian, trembling at the thought of the dark scheme he had discovered, made his way back to his room. Helpless as he was, he felt unable to do anything to counteract the plans of the conspirators, yet it was at all events his duty to make them known to the leading Christians of Rome; but whom among them could he trust besides Amulius, and Gentia.n.u.s and his family? The first, though a presbyter, and a faithful and earnest man, might not have the courage to denounce a person of power and influence like the pontiff Coecus, supported as he was not only by the members of his college, but by all the wealthy philosophers and idolaters in Rome. Amulius might even doubt the accuracy of his statements; Gentia.n.u.s was far more likely to believe them, could he manage to communicate with him. Should, however, Gaius suspect that he had been present at the conference, he would be kept a far closer prisoner than before. Was Eros to be trusted? He could not have failed to discover that Jovinian had been absent from his room,--he might have informed Gaius of the fact. Though Eros had professed to be deeply interested in what he had heard at the a.s.sembly of the Christians, it was doubtful whether he had been really converted; even if he were so, the dread of the consequences to himself should his captive regain his liberty, might prevent him from conniving at his escape. Jovinian, therefore, felt it would be prudent not to trust him; and, eager as he was to get away, he endeavoured to appear reconciled to his lot. From principle as well as from disposition, anything like duplicity was especially hateful to him, but he was driven to practise it, as affording him the only prospect of escaping from the thraldom in which he was held. Gaius appeared to be completely deceived; he spoke more openly to his nephew than he had hitherto done, though at the same time he was too wary not to keep the same strict watch over him as at first. He now frequently took him out when he went abroad to visit the temples to give directions to the flamens and to advise them how to comport themselves in the perilous circ.u.mstances in which they were placed. One and all were alarmed at the information which constantly reached them of the emperor's opposition to the ancient faith, and the support and patronage he afforded the Christians. Already numerous conversions had taken place among the patricians, as well as among persons of inferior rank; whole families who had hitherto appeared to be staunch idolaters now professed themselves Christians. They not only met together openly for wors.h.i.+p in several parts of the city, but had already begun to erect several churches; while money contributed by the faithful for the support of widows and orphans and others in distress flowed into the coffers of their bishop. Wherever Gaius went the flamens met him with sad countenances; though after he had held conversation with them in private, they generally appeared to become more cheerful.

He was one day paying a domiciliary visit to the temple of Apollo, having entered by the door sacred to the flamens in the rear of the edifice. Gaius had a long conversation with the chief flamen while Jovinian was allowed to amuse himself with looking over some ancient ma.n.u.scripts kept in a chest in the room in which they were sitting. The flamen listened attentively to the remarks of his superior.

"By the Immortals, we need not despair, Coecus guiding us!" he exclaimed; "whatever he proposes, he may depend on our carrying out to the letter."

"Then listen, Flaccus," said Gaius; "we can no longer hide from the people the progress made by the new faith, or that it is patronised by the emperor; but we may persuade them that the G.o.ds are grieved at the abandonment of their ancient wors.h.i.+p; or should a pestilence occur, or an earthquake, or a storm of unusual violence, we may easily make them believe that the infliction has been sent as a punishment for their infidelity. Would that such would occur! it would help us greatly in our object. In the meantime, we can employ such means as are at our disposal. It would be well if we could make all the statues of the G.o.ds in Rome weep together, or roll their eyes, or groan in concert."

"The thought is a bright one," answered Flaccus; "by means of arrangements in the interior of our statue we can reach the head, and through the two small holes in the corners of the eyes press forth from a sponge a rivulet of water, if we so wish. I will then, from before the altar, announce the cause of the great Apollo's grief, and urge his votaries to renewed devotion, and to withstand the pernicious teachings of the Christians."

"The temple is already well filled, and the sooner we play the--I mean, the sooner the miracle is performed the better, for delays are dangerous," said Gaius.

"We might perform it at once," answered Flaccus; "but we require a boy of small size who can climb up into the head of the statue; and my own son, whom I can trust, is sick at home. The youth yonder, however, though somewhat big, might manage to climb up without much difficulty."

As he spoke he looked towards Jovinian. "You can confide in him that he will not betray us?"

"I am not certain on that point," answered Gaius; and calling to his nephew he desired him to swear that he would not reveal what he was about to communicate.

"If lawful, I am ready to do whatever you desire," answered Jovinian.

"Can it be otherwise, foolish boy, when I wish it?" exclaimed Gaius.

"Know you not that I have the power to force you to do whatever I may require?"

"I will, at all events, promise not to repeat whatever you may think fit to say to me," said Jovinian.

"I wish you, then, simply to play off a trick upon the ignorant people collected in the temple," said Gaius. "See here: all you have to do is to climb into the head of the statue through the trap which the flamen Licinius Flaccus will show you, and to press a sponge into the hollows of the eyes till you have emptied the amphora which you will take up with you. Be not startled if you hear some deep groans close to your ears; they will be uttered by the flamens, and will serve to give more effect to the flowing of the tears."

"Pardon me, but I cannot take part in such a device," answered Jovinian.

"I have given my promise not to repeat what you have told me; but obey you in this matter I cannot."

Gaius, whose aim was to gain the affections of his nephew, restrained his rising anger, and turning to the flamen, observed, "You must find some other boy of smaller size, for my nephew is, I suspect, too big properly to perform the task."

"I am unwilling to lose this opportunity of working on the minds of the people," answered Flaccus; "I will, therefore, send for my son, or some other boy who can be trusted."

He immediately went out. While he was absent, Gaius lectured his nephew; but Jovinian was firm, and even ventured to expostulate on the subject with Gaius, who, however, only laughed at him for his folly, as he called it. In a short time the flamen returned, bringing a short and slight lad, who was directed what to do. Two of the flamens remained behind, while the rest entered the temple. The boy was led to a trap-door at the back of the altar, while two flamens mounted to a gallery level with the head of the statue. Presently groans were heard, so deep and mournful that it seemed scarcely possible they could be uttered by a human being, while cries and shouts arose from the temple, and the words which reached Jovinian's ears were, "The great G.o.d is weeping! Apollo mourns! Woe, woe to Rome!"

He was thankful when at length Gaius, taking his hand, led him from the temple. On their way through the streets they heard people talking of the wonderful miracle which had just been witnessed in the temple of Apollo.

"The G.o.d sheds tears at the thoughts of being driven ignominiously from the city where he has so long dwelt!" exclaimed some. "Did you hear how he groaned? Fearful! What will next happen? It is a wonder the great Jove and all the G.o.ds did not descend from their pedestals and drive these Nazarene infidels into the Tiber."

"It would be a worthy deed, and well-pleasing to the Immortals, if you, who carry weapons, were to attack the wretches, and treat them as they deserve," whispered Gaius to the crowd of idolaters among whom he was making his way. Just then a line of twelve lictors appeared carrying the fasces, making way for one of the consuls, who walked along with dignified pace on some official business.

"Silly people!" he remarked, as he heard the exclamations of the crowd; "you will, ere long, see the statues of the Nazarene saints weeping if you obstinately refuse to follow the faith our august emperor has adopted."

He smiled as he saluted Gaius, and their eyes met; but the presence of the lictors restrained them, and they separated, going towards their respective homes. Gaius did not speak a word to Jovinian till they reached the college. "Go to your room: I will follow you there," said the pontiff to his nephew, in a sterner tone than he was wont to use.

Jovinian was prepared for a severe lecture. He prayed that he might have grace to act consistently with his profession. In a short time Gaius appeared, and having ordered Eros, who was at his post, to retire, he threw himself on the couch by the table on which Jovinian's books were placed.

"Of what folly have you been guilty!" he exclaimed; "what induced you to refuse to take part in a harmless deceit, such as has been frequently practised on occasions of necessity, when it has been important to awaken the slumbering faith of the votaries of the G.o.ds? Know you not that it is one of our chief maxims that deceit of any sort is lawful when the result is likely to prove beneficial, and that evil may be done provided a good object is to be attained? You have been miserably taught if you do not understand this."

"According to the precepts of the faith I hold, no deception can be practised and no evil done without offending a pure and a holy G.o.d, who looks upon all deceit as sinful, and cannot sanction the slightest approach to sin," answered Jovinian, boldly. "I could not, without offending Him whom I serve, have a.s.sisted in the imposture practised on the ignorant mult.i.tude. I promised not to speak of what I heard, or I would tell the people of the trick played upon them, and thus win them to the wors.h.i.+p of the one true G.o.d."