Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 176

Another cement consists of about 73 parts of silver, 21 of tin, and 6 of zinc, amalgamated with quicksilver. An amalgam of copper is said to be sometimes used. But this cla.s.s of stoppings is altogether disapproved of by other authorities. Pure leaf-gold seems the least objectionable.

11. (Marmoratum.) Finely levigated gla.s.s, mixed with tin amalgam.

12. (Poudre Metallique.) The article sold under this name in Paris appears to be an amalgam of silver, mercury, and ammonium, with an excess of mercury, which is pressed out before using it.

13. (Fusible Metal.) Melt together 8 parts of bis.m.u.th, 5 of lead, 3 of tin, and 1-1/2 or 16 of quicksilver, with as little heat as possible.

(Chaudet.)

14. (Non-expensive Metallic Tooth-stopping.) Take 1 part of sulphate of mercury, 1 part of copper in fine powder; rub them well together with a little warm water; when the amalgam is formed wash well, and remove the surplus of mercury by pressing it through chamois.--_Pharm. Journ._

EXPENSIVE METALLIC TOOTH-STOPPING AND MUCH PREFERABLE. Take pure gold, pure gelatin, 1 part of each; pure silver, 2 parts; melt, and when refrigerated, reduce to a powder by means of a file; wash well and dry. In the moment of using it add sufficient mercury to form a plastic paste.--_Pharm. Journ._

PASTE FOR DESTROYING THE SENSIBILITY OF THE DENTAL PULP PREVIOUS TO STOPPING. a.r.s.enious acid, 30 gr.; sulphate of morphia, 20 gr.; creasote, q. s. [Unsafe; it is only inserted by way of warning against what may prove an unsuspected cause of mischief.]

PIVOTS FOR ARTIFICIAL TEETH. An alloy of platinum and silver.

SPRINGS FOR ARTIFICIAL TEETH. Equal parts of copper, silver, and palladium. (Chaudet.)

For Cachou Aromatise, and other compounds for sweetening the breath, see PERFUMERY.

=DENTI'TION.= See TEETHING.

=DEOB'STRUENT.= In medicine, a substance which removes obstructions, and opens the natural pa.s.sages of the fluids of the body, as the pores, lacteals, and glands. Iodine, mercury, sarsaparilla, and aperients, are deobstruents.

=DEO'DORISER.= Any substance having the power of absorbing or destroying fetid effluvia. Chlorine, chloride of lime, chloride of zinc, nitrate of lead, sulphate of iron, and freshly-burnt charcoal, are the most effective and convenient deodorisers. Peat charcoal has been highly recommended for deodorising manure, &c., on the large scale. When it is mixed with these substances their fetor is immediately destroyed, and a compost produced, which may be subst.i.tuted for guano for agricultural purposes.

'Biedermann's Centralblatt fur Agricultur Chemie' for June, 1877, contains the results of some experiments undertaken by A. Eckstein on the comparative deodorising values of certain substances. Herr Eckstein found that 1 kilo of copperas dissolved in water destroyed the stench of sulphuretted hydrogen in a privy used daily by at least 100 persons. The action ceased after twelve hours. A solution of aqueous sulphate of copper produced a similar result. When 1 kilo of solid copperas was employed the action lasted for two days. The same result was obtained by using 1 kilo of a mixture compound of copperas, sulphate of copper, and carbonate of lime. Liquid sulphurous acid was found to act very rapidly, rendering the atmosphere difficult to breathe for an hour; its action ceased after twenty-three hours. Crude carbolic acid, which was used to the extent of 30 grams, gave so unpleasant a smell for two days as to render the result impossible to be arrived at. One kilo of copperas enclosed in a bag of parchment paper only began to act after two hours, and kept the place odourless for two days. One kilo of good chloride of lime, placed in a similar bag, did not lose its effect for nine days. With 60 grams of permanganate of soda the action commenced immediately, but the effect was over in twenty-four hours; when enclosed in parchment paper it was efficacious for two days. In Herr Eckstein's opinion the most powerful deodoriser known is chloride of lime along with sulphuric acid. Powdered gypsum is a good absorber of ammonia, and for this purpose may be sprinkled over the floors of stables, manure heaps, &c. See DISINFECTANT.

=DEOX'IDATION.= See REDUCTION.

=DEPIL'ATORY.= A cosmetic employed to remove superfluous hairs from the human skin. Depilatories act either mechanically (MECHANICAL DEPILATORIES), or chemically (CHEMICAL DEPILATORIES). To the first cla.s.s belong adhesive plasters, that, on their removal from the skin, bring away the hair with them. The second cla.s.s includes all those substances which destroy the hair by their chemical action.

Lime or orpiment, and generally both of them, have formed the leading ingredients in depilatories, both in ancient and modern times. The first acts by its well-known causticity, and also, when an alkali is present, by reducing that also, either wholly or in part, to the caustic state. The action of the orpiment is of a less certain character, and its use is even dangerous when applied to a highly sensitive or an abraded surface. The addition of starch is to render the paste more adhesive and manageable.

In using the following preparations, those which are in the state of powder are mixed up with a little warm water to the consistence of a paste, and applied to the part. Sometimes soap lye is used for this purpose, and some persons spread the pulpy ma.s.s on a piece of paper, and apply it like a plaster. In 12 or 15 minutes, and sooner, if much smarting ensues, the whole should be washed off with warm water, and a little cold cream, lip-salve, or spermaceti cerate, applied to the part. The application of the liquid preparations is generally accompanied with gentle friction, care being taken to prevent them extending to the adjacent parts. All the following effect the object satisfactorily, with proper management; but some are much more effective than others. A small wooden or bone knife is the best for mixing them with. They must all be kept in well-stoppered bottles, and no liquid must be added to them until shortly before their application; and then no more should be mixed than is required for immediate use.

=Depilatory, a.r.s.en'ical.= Orpiment (sulphide of a.r.s.enic) forms the princ.i.p.al ingredient in many fas.h.i.+onable depilatories, but its use is not free from danger. The following are well-known preparations:

1. (COLLEY'S D.) From nitre and sulphur, of each 1 part; orpiment, 3 parts; quicklime, 8 parts; soap lees, 32 parts; boil to the consistence of cream. Very caustic.

2. (DELCROIX'S D.; 'POUDRE SUBTILE,') Orpiment, 1 oz.; quicklime, 10 oz.; starch, 14 oz.

3. (ORIENTAL D.; ORIENTAL RUSMA.)--_a._ Quicklime, 3 oz.; orpiment, 1/2 dr.; strong alkaline lye, 1 lb.; boil together in a clean iron vessel until a feather dipped into the liquor loses its flue.

_b._ From pearlash, 2 oz.; orpiment, 3 dr.; liquor of pota.s.sa, 1/2 pint; boil together as before. One of the most caustic and consequently the most certain of depilatory preparations; but, with the rest of its cla.s.s, open to the objections of containing orpiment. (See No. 7.)

4. (PASTE D.; 'PaTE ePILATOIRE,') To No. 1 add of orris root, 3 parts.

5. (PLENCK'S D.; 'PASTA EPILATORIA,') Orpiment, 1 part; quicklime and starch, of each 12 parts.

6. (SOAP D.; 'SAVON ePILATOIRE,') Turkish depilatory and soft soap, equal parts. Must not be mixed until about to be applied. (See No. 7.)

7. (TURKISH D.; TURKISH RUSMA.) Orpiment, 1 part; quicklime, 9 parts. For use, it is mixed up with soap lees, and a little powdered starch.

=Depilatory, Boettger's.= Powdered sulphydrate of sodium, one part; washed chalk, three parts; made into a thick paste with a little water. Let a layer about the thickness of the back of a knife be spread upon the hairy surface. After two or three minutes the stoutest hairs are transformed into a soft ma.s.s which may be removed by water. A more prolonged action would attack the skin.

=Depilatory, Boudet's.= _Prep._ Sulphide of sodium (crystallised), 3 parts; quicklime (in fine powder), 10 parts; starch, 10 parts; mix. To be mixed with water, and applied to the skin, and sc.r.a.ped off in 2 or 3 minutes with a wooden knife. Very effective and safe.

=Depilatory, Cazenave's.= _Syn._ MAHON'S D.; POMMADE ePILATOIRE DE CAZENAVE, Fr. _Prep._ Quicklime, 1 part; carbonate of soda, 2 parts; lard, 8 parts; mix. Applied as an ointment.

=Depilatory, Chi'nese.= _Prep._ 1. Quicklime, 8 oz.; pearlash (dry) and liver of sulphur, of each 1 oz.; all reduced to a fine powder; mixed, and kept in a close bottle.

2. (ROSEATE D.) As No. 1., but coloured with a little rose pink or light red.

These preparations are applied in the same manner as Boudet's Depilatory.

=Depilatory, Colley's.= See DEPILATORY, a.r.s.eNICAL.

=Depilatory, Hydrosulphate of Lime.= _Prep._ (Beasley.) Mix quicklime and water to a thick cream, and pa.s.s into the mixture 25 or 30 times its volume of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. When the gas ceases to be absorbed, stop the process. The pulpy ma.s.s is spread on paper, and applied for 12 or 15 minutes. It is very effective, but has a most disgusting smell.

Spolasco's depilatory is a very similar preparation (see _below_).

=Depilatory, Mechan'ical.= _Syn._ DEPILATORY PLASTEE. _Prep._ From pitch and resin, equal parts, melted together and spread on leather. Applied as a plaster.

=Depilatory, Rayer's.= _Prep._ Quicklime, 2 oz.; salt of tartar, 4 oz.; charcoal, 1/4 oz. Less active than Chinese Depilatory.

=Depilatory, Redwood's.= _Prep._ A strong solution of sulphide of barium, made into a paste with powdered starch, and applied immediately. Mr Redwood says this is "the best and safest depilatory."

=Depilatory, Ro'seate.= See DEPILATORY, CHINESE.

=Depilatory, Spolasco's.= _Prep._ Freshly prepared sulphide of calcium and quicklime, equal parts. Almost equal to Redwood's (_above_).

=DEPOSI'TION (of Metals).= See ELECTRO-TYPE.

=DERBY CONDITION POWDERS= (J. Tobias Simpson, New York). Celebrated as a safe, infallible, and speedy remedy for glanders, coughs, colds, over feeding, worms, mouth disease, and loss of horns or hair, in horses and other valuable domestic animals. Tartar emetic, 2 grammes; black antimony, 20 grammes; sulphur, 10 grammes; nitre, 10 grammes; fenugreek, 40 grammes; juniper berries, 20 grammes. (Schadler.)

=DER'BYs.h.i.+RE NECK.= See GOITRE.

=DERMASOT= (Apotheker Bertschinger, Baden, Switzerland). For profuse perspiration of the feet. Consists of acetate of alumina, 75 grammes; distilled water, 120 grammes; butyric ether, 2 drops; rosanilin to colour it slightly. (Weber.)

=DESBRIERRE'S CHOCOLATE A LA MAGNESIE.= 44 grammes of chocolate paste and 15 grammes of calcined magnesia, made into two tablets. (Reveil.)

=DESIC'CANTS.= _Syn._ DESICCAN'TIA, L. In _pharmacology_, substances that check secretion and dry sores of abraded surfaces, without acting as styptics, or constringing the fibres of the parts to which they are applied. See ASTRINGENTS.

=DESICCA'TION.= _Syn._ EXSICCA'TION. The evaporation or drying off of the aqueous portion of solid bodies. Plants and chemical preparations are deprived of their humidity by exposure to the sun, a current of dry air, an atmosphere rendered artificially dry by sulphuric acid, or by the direct application of heat by means of a water bath, a sand bath, or a common fire. Planks and timber are now seasoned, on the large scale, in this way, by which a condition may be produced, in 2 or 3 days, which on the old system is barely attainable in as many years. "Endeavours were made to enforce the importance and value of the desiccation of woods to the builder, cabinet maker, architect, and civil engineer, so long back as 1843, but without success. Since that period certain persons have availed themselves, commercially, of our ideas and experiments on the subject, without any acknowledgment, either verbal or pecuniary." (Cooley.)

=DESTEM'PER.= _Syn._ DISTEMPER. Colours ground up with size, gum, or white of egg, and water, as in scene painting. The art of executing work in distemper is called 'distemper painting.'

=DETER'GENT.= An agent having the power of removing offensive matter from the skin. The name is now generally restricted to applications that tend to cleanse foul wounds and ulcers.