Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume I Part 183

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 6. and FIG. 7.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 8. and FIG. 9.]

High and small heels are therefore quite unsuitable. The heel-piece ought to be as low and broad as possible."

Further and more explicit knowledge on this subject may be obtained from Dr Meyer's excellent little pamphlet ent.i.tled 'Procrustes ante portas,'

very ably translated into English by Mr J. T. Craig, L.R.C.E., under the t.i.tle of 'Why the Shoe Pinches.'

=DIURE'SIS.= See URINE.

=DIURET'ICS.= _Syn._ DIURETICA. Medicines which promote the secretion of urine. The princ.i.p.al diuretics are--aqueous fluids, which act by increasing the watery portion of the blood, and--substances which promote the action of the kidneys. Most of the first produce copious diuresis if the skin is kept cool. Among the last are acetate, bitartrate, and nitrate of pota.s.sa; oils of juniper, turpentine, cajeput, and copaiba; dilute spirit, and sweet spirits of nitre; decoction of common broom, &c.

=DIVIDIVI.= An astringent substance imported from Jamaica. It contains above 5% of tannin; whilst gall-nuts contain less than 35%, and the best oak-bark only 135%. Hence its value in tanning.

=DOBEREINER'S LAMP.= A portable apparatus for obtaining instantaneous light by the action of a jet of hydrogen on a small piece of spongy platinum.

=DOCHMIUS DUODENALIS.= An intestinal parasitic worm. Its length is from 1/3 to 1/2 an inch and its breadth about 1/60th of an inch. It is furnished with hooklets. It is found in the duodenum, the ileum, and the jejunum of man, and Greisinger seems to have pretty conclusively established that it is the cause of the disease so prevalent in Egypt, and known as the Egyptian chlorosis. Anemia, dysentery, and hemorrhoids and liver diseases are also frequently caused by it amongst the natives of Arabia, Brazil, and Northern Italy. In India it is also stated to give rise to some very alarming maladies. Leuchart affirms that it obtains an entrance into the system through drinking impure water.

=DOC'IMACY or DOCIMAS'TIC ART.= See a.s.sAYING.

=DOG.= The effect of medicines on dogs is much the same as on man; but there are some striking exceptions to this rule. Thus, whilst the dog can take a dose of aloes six or eight times as large as that given to man, the administration of half as much calomel or oil of turpentine would be productive of serious injury to the animal. The idea usually entertained, therefore, that medicines may be given to dogs in doses equalling those taken by man requires considerable modification. Dogs have a short and straight alimentary ca.n.a.l, in consequence of which purgative medicines act more quickly upon them than they do on other veterinary subjects. The facility with which dogs can be made to vomit is also another peculiarity possessed by them. Vomiting may be produced by their swallowing nauseous or unpalatable matters, as well as from their eating various sorts of gra.s.s. A good plan to prevent dogs vomiting their medicines is to keep the head well raised for an hour after the administration; and this may be easily accomplished by attaching a chain or cord to the collar, and fixing it at the requisite height, to any object. The kidneys are acted upon with much more difficulty than with the horse, whilst the skin seems nearly, if not altogether incapable of being affected. We give below a list of medicines for dogs; premising that the doses required vary considerably according to the strength, size, and age of the dog, all of which should always be duly taken into account. The doses prescribed in the following formulae are for moderately large dogs:--

PHYSIC b.a.l.l.s AND OTHER PURGATIVE MEDICINES:--

1. Barbadoes aloes, 8 oz., antimonial powder, 1 oz., ginger, 1 oz., palm oil, 5 oz.; beat together into a ma.s.s.--_Dose._ From 1/2 dr. to 2 dr.

every 4 or 6 hours, till the bowels are relieved. (Youatt.)

2. The same, with the addition of 1 oz. of calomel. He directs from 45 gr.

to 2 dr. for a dose. (Clater.)

3. Aloes, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr. made into a ball with syrup of ginger.

4. Aloes, 1/2 dr. to 1-1/2 dr., calomel, 2 to 5 gr., syrup to form a ball; in inflammation of the bowels, and in worms. (Blaine.)

5. Cape aloes, 1/2 dr. to 1 dr., calomel, 2 to 3 gr., oil of caraway, 6 drops, syrup to form a ball. (M'Ewen.)

6. Calomel, 12 gr., aloes, 3 dr., opium, 1 gr., syrup q. s. to form a ma.s.s, for 4, 6, or 8 b.a.l.l.s; one every 4 or 5 hours till the bowels are relieved. (Blaine.)

7. Croton oil, 1 drop, Castile soap, 20 gr., conserve to form a ball.

8. Castor oil, 3 parts, syrup of buckthorn, 2 parts, syrup of poppies, 1 part.--_Dose._ From 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls.--Mr Youatt's purge. [Mr Clark says syrup of buckthorn for dogs should be made with treacle, and the spices omitted.]

9. Epsom salts, from 1 to 4 dr., wrapped in tissue paper, dividing the doses into convenient-sized packets.

10. In costiveness with inflammation: 1/2 oz. to 2 oz. castor oil. (Mr Spooner.)

ALTERATIVE b.a.l.l.s AND POWDERS:--

1. Sulphur, 2-1/2 lb.; nitre, 1/2 lb.; aethiops mineral, 4 oz.; linseed meal, 1/2 lb.; palm oil, 1 lb., or as much as may be required; beat together, and keep in a jar for use.--_Dose_, from 2 scruples to 1-1/2 or 2 dr. (Clater.)

2. Ethiops mineral, 20 to 40 gr.; cream of tartar, 20 to 40 gr.; nitre, 5 to 10 gr.; night and morning, made into a ball with b.u.t.ter. (Spooner.)

3. _Tonic Alterative._ Mercurial pill, 1 dr.; aloes 2 dr.; myrrh, benzoin, balsam of Peru, of each 1-1/2 dr.; to be divided into 10, 15, or 20 pills: one every evening, for the yellows, after aloes and calomel.

(Blaine.)

4. _Alterative Powder._ aethiops mineral, 2 to 5 gr.; cream of tartar, 4 to 10 gr., tartarised iron, 1 to 3 gr., once a day. (Clater.)

5. _To give a fine skin._ Give a table-spoonful of tar made up with oatmeal. (Mayer.)

ASTRINGENT b.a.l.l.s, &c.:--

1. Catechu, 1-1/2 dr.; sulphate of quinine, 20 gr.; opium, 5 gr.; ginger, 1 dr.; conserve of roses, q. s. to form a ma.s.s, to be divided into 8, 6, or 4 b.a.l.l.s. (Blaine.)

2. Prepared chalk, 2 oz.; powdered gum Arabic, 1/2 oz.; powdered catechu, 1/2 oz.; powdered oak bark, 1/2 oz.; powdered ginger, 1/4 oz.; opium, 15 gr.; palm oil, 1 oz.; beat well together.--_Dose_, 1/2 dr. to 2 dr., morning, noon, and night, in the advanced stage of distemper. (Clater.)

3. Opium, 5 gr.; catechu, 2 dr.; gum Arabic, 2 dr.; ginger, 1/2 dr.; syrup of poppies, q. s.; divide into 12, 9, or 6 b.a.l.l.s: in diarrha. (Blaine.)

4. Myrrh, 1 dr.; ipecacuanha, 1 scruple; opium, 3 gr.; chalk, 2 dr.; carbonate of iron, 1 dr.; as No. 3. (Blaine.)

5. In obstinate cases: Alum, 1 dr.; chalk, 2 dr.; opium, 6 gr.; resin, 3 dr.; into 4, 6, or 8 b.a.l.l.s.

6. In diarrha, after 1 to 4 dr. of Epsom salts; prepared chalk, 1 to 3 scruples; catechu, 5 to 10 gr.; opium, 1/4 to 2 gr.; twice a day.

(Spooner.)

COUGH b.a.l.l.s IN ASTHMA, &c.:--

1. _After a few emetics._ Calomel, 3 gr.; foxglove, 3 gr.; cream of tartar, 1 dr.; antimonial powder, 12 gr.; honey to form 6 boluses. One twice a day. (Blaine.)

2. Digitalis, 20 gr.; antimonial powder, 40 gr.; nitre, 2 dr.; sulphur, 3 dr.; palm oil, 3 dr., or q. s. Divide into 10, 15, or 20 b.a.l.l.s, according to the size of the dog, morning and night, interposing an emetic every third or fourth day. (Clater.)

3. _In old cases._ P. squill, 1/2 gr. to 1 gr.; gum ammoniac, 5 gr.; balsam of Peru, 8 gr.; benzoic acid, 1 gr.; balsam of sulphur to form a ball.

4. Extract of hemlock, 1/2 dr.; extract of henbane, 10 gr.; p. digitalis, 20 gr.; conserve of roses to form a ma.s.s. Divide into 8, 10, or 6 b.a.l.l.s.

One night and morning. (Blaine.)

DISTEMPER MEDICINES:--

1. Turbeth mineral, 1 to 3 gr.; a.s.saftida, 1/2 dr.; aloes, 20 gr.; soap, 10 gr.; syrup of poppies to form a ball. To be preceded by an emetic, and given every third day.

2. After an emetic, give a physic ball; and afterwards the following, two or three times a day:--Antimonial powder, 2, 3, or 4 gr.; nitre, 5, 10, or 15 gr.; ipecacuanha, 2, 3, or 4 gr.; form a ball. If the disease proceed to the debilitating stage, give the _Tonic Ball_ No. 2; in the putrid or malignant stage give the _Astringent Ball_ No. 1. (Blaine.)

3. After the Emetic Powder No. 1 (which should be repeated every 3rd or 4th day) give the _Cough Ball_ No. 2, from 1/2 dr. to 2 dr. in weight. And if the dog lose flesh, give equal parts of the cough ball and the Tonic Ball (No. 1). In the more advanced stages give the tonic alone; or the _astringent ball_ if diarrha comes on. (Clater.)

4. Give a third of a paper of James's powder mixed with b.u.t.ter, and afterwards warm broth or milk. In 2 hours, another third; and if this neither vomit nor purge, give the other third at the end of 4 hours.

(Daniel.)

5. Blaine's distemper powders, which are sold in packets, with directions for use.