Cooley's Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts Volume Ii Part 228

21. Do.[186]

22. French Brandy 23. Spirit of Wine[187]

24. Malt, grain, or mola.s.ses spirit (_sent out by British distillers_) 25. Hollands 26. Whiskey (_Irish_) 27. Do. (_Scotch_)

[Footnote 184: Frequently retailed at 25 to 35 u. p.]

[Footnote 185: Though 'permitted' at 22 to 24, are generally from 25 to 35 u. p., or even weaker.]

[Footnote 186: These, though 'permitted' at 60 or 64 u. p., are generally 75 or 80 u. p.]

[Footnote 187: Usual strength 54 to 60 o. p.]

+------+----------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------+ E. +--------+------+-----+------------+ A. B. C. D. F. G. H. I. +------+----------+-----------+-------------+--------+------+-----+------------+ 1. X(17 u.p.) ..... Not stronger 17 u.p. ..... 40% 09395 than 25 o.p. 2. X(22 u.p.) ..... do. 22 u. p. ..... 374% 09445 3. X(22 u.p.) ..... do. 22 u. p. ..... do. [188]0 4. X(24 u.p.) ..... do. 24 u. p. ..... 365% [188]0 5. X mint. ..... do. 60 u. p. ..... 21% [188]0 6. do. ..... do. 64 u. p. ..... 18% [188]0 7. } 8. } 9. } 10. } 11. } 12. } X(64 u.p.) ..... do. 64 u. p. ..... do. [188]1065 13. } to 14. } 1080 15. } 16. } 17. } 18. } 19. R. About No limit. 11 u. p. ..... 43% 09329 10 o.p. to to 43 o.p. 08597 20. R. Sh. ..... do. 64 u. p. ..... 18% [188]0 21. do. ..... do. 60 u. p. ..... 21% [188]0 22. F. About do. 10 u. p. ..... 44% 09318 5 o.p. to 8 or 10 u.p. 23. S. W. ...... Not less than 54 to 64 ..... ..... 08415 43 o.p. o.p. to 08221 24. P. S. ...... Not stronger ..... ..... ..... 08669 to than 25 o.p. 09318 25. Geneva. ...... No limit. ..... 5160% 405% 09358 26. P. S. ...... } Not stronger {..... 54% 50% 27. P. S. ...... } than 25 o.p. {..... 543% 502% +------+----------+-----------+-------------+--------+------+-----+------------+

[Footnote 188: The specific gravity is no guide when sugar is present, as in compounds.]

=Spirit, Blue.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CRULEUS. (Ham. Ph.) _Prep._ Wormwood, scordium, savin, lavender flowers, of each 2-1/2 oz.; proof spirit, 5 pints; distil 2-1/2 pints, and add 6 dr. of verdigris and water of ammonia, 9 oz. For outward use.

=Spirit of Bryony (Compound).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS BRYONae COMPOSITUS. (Ph. E.

1744.) _Prep._ Bryony, 1/2 lb.; valerian, 2 oz.; pennyroyal, 3 oz.; rue, 3 oz.; mugwort feverfew flowers, savin tops, of each 4 dr.; orange peel, 1 oz.; loveage seeds, 1 oz.; brandy, 1 gall. Distil. Without the bryony this preparation is known as _Aqua hysterica_.--_Dose_, 1 oz.

=Spirit of Cajeput.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CAJEPUTI. (B. P.) _Prep._ Dissolve 1 fl. oz. of oil of cajeput in 39 fl. oz. of rectified spirit.

=Spirit of Cardamom.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CARDAMOMI. (Ph. L. 1746.) _Prep._ Cardamom seed, 5 troy oz.; proof spirit, 1 gall.; water a sufficient quant.i.ty. Distil 1 gall.

=Spirit of Chloroform.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CHLOROFORMI. (B. P.) _Prep._ Dissolve 1 fl. oz. of chloroform in 19 fl. oz. of rectified spirit. Sp.

gr. 871.

=Spirit of Cloves.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CARYOPHYLLI. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Cloves, 10 oz.; spirit (864), 80 oz., by weight; draw over all the spirituous part.

=Spirit of Coriander.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CORIANDRI. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Coriander seed, 1 oz.; spirit (0864), by weight, 8 oz. Distil to dryness.

=Spirit, Dyer's.= See TIN MORDANTS.

=Spirit, Febrifuge, of Clutton.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS FEBRIFUGUS CLUTTONI. See SPIRIT OF HYDROCHLORIC ETHER. _Prep._ The original form is--oil of sulphur by the bell, oil of vitriol and sea salt, of each 1 oz.; spirit of wine, 6 oz. Let them digest for a month, then distil to dryness.

=Spirit, Fioravanti.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS FIORAVANTI. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Swiss turpentine, 5 oz.; eleme, 1 oz.; resin of tacamahaca, 1 oz.; amber, 1 oz.; liquid styrax, 1 oz.; galbanum, 1 oz.; myrrh, 1 oz.; aloes, 1/2 oz.; bay berries, 1 oz.; galanga root, 1/2 oz.; ginger, 1/2 oz.; zedoary root, 1/2 oz.; cinnamon, 1/2 oz.; cloves, 1/2 oz.; nutmeg, 1/2 oz.; leaves of cretum marum, 1/2 oz. Macerate 6 days and distil over a water bath till 35 oz.

come over.

=Spirit of Flower Sage.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS SALVIae. _Prep._ Flower sage, 1 lb.; rectified spirit, 3 lbs.; water, 1 lb. Distil 3 lbs.

=Spirit of French Wine.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS VINI GALLICI, BRANDY.

=Spirit of Lemon Peel.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS CITRI CORTICIS. With lemon peel as spirit of orange peel.

=Spirit of Marjoram.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS MARJORAMae. _Prep._ Sweet marjoram, 1 lb.; rectified spirit, 3 lb.; water, 1 lb.; distil 3 lbs.

=Spirit of Mastic (Compound).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS MASTICHES COMPOSITUS.

_Prep._ Mastic, 1 oz.; myrrh, 1 oz.; olibanum, 1 oz.; rectified spirit, 1 pint. Distil.

=Spirit, Meth'ylated.= Spirit of wine to which one tenth of its volume of wood naphtha (strength not less than 60 o. p.) has been added, the object of such addition being that of rendering the mixture unpotable through its offensive odour and taste. The purification of this mixed spirit, or the separation of the two alcohols, though often attempted, has always proved a failure. It might be supposed that, owing to the low boiling-point of methylic alcohol, simple distillation would effect this; but experience has shown that both spirits distil over simultaneously. This is, no doubt, due to the difference of their vapour densities. Methylated spirit, being sold duty free, can be employed by the chemical manufacturer as a solvent in many processes for which, from its greater cost, duty-paid spirit would be commercially inapplicable. But in the preparation of medicines, containing spirit, as the vehicle or menstruum by which more active substances are administered, the employment of methylated spirit is highly improper. The Council of the Pharmaceutical Society obtained from the Pharmacopia Committee of the Medical Council, the decided opinion that "the subst.i.tution of 'methylated' for 'rectified' spirit in any of the processes of the Pharmacopia should be strictly prohibited."

The use of methylated spirit in the preparation of tinctures, sweet spirit of nitre, common ether, or any medicine to be used internally, is now prohibited by law.

=Spirit of Orange Peel.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS AURANTII. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ The yellow part of fresh orange peel, 1 lb.; spirit of wine (864), 6 lbs.; macerate for 2 days, and distil by water bath to dryness.

=Spirit of Origanum.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS ORIGANI. _Prep._ Wild marjoram, 1 lb.; rectified spirit, 3 lbs.; water, 1 lb. Distil 3 lbs.

=Spirit of Para Cress.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS SPILANTHI. (Beral.) _Prep._ Bruised Para cress (_Spilanthes oleracea_), in flower, 1 part; spirit (863), 2 parts. Macerate 2 or 3 days, and distil 2 parts.

=Spirit, Proof.= See ALCOHOL.

=Spirit, Pyroace'tic.= _Syn._ ACETONE; SPIRITUS PYROACETICUS, L.; ACeTONE, ESPRIT PYROACETIQUE, Fr. An inflammable volatile liquid obtained with carbonic acid and other products when the metallic acetates in an anhydrous state are subjected to destructive distillation. The acetate of lead is the most eligible salt for this purpose.

_Prep._ 1. Dried acetate of lead is carefully distilled in a large earthen or coated-gla.s.s retort, by a heat gradually raised to redness, the volatile products being pa.s.sed through a condenser well supplied with cold water. The distillation is continued until nothing but finely divided lead (lead pyrophorus) remains in the retort. The receiver contains crude acetone, which is to be saturated with carbonate of pota.s.sa, and afterwards rectified in a water bath from chloride of calcium.

2. By pa.s.sing the vapour of strong acetic acid through an iron tube heated to dull redness, and condensing the acetone thus formed.

_Obs._ In both of the above processes carbonic acid and other permanent gases are produced, consequently the receiver must not fit too closely to the tube of the condenser.

_Prop._ Colourless, limpid, of peculiar odour, and very inflammable, giving a brilliant flame, without smoke; boiling point 132 Fahr.; sp. gr.

792. It dissolves resins and essential oils. See MESITILOL, MESITYL, METACETONE, &c.

=Spirit, Pyroxyl'ic.= _Syn._ PYROLIGNEOUS SPIRIT, WOOD S., MEDICINAL NAPHTHA, WOOD N., HYDRATED OXIDE OF METHYL; SPIRITUS PYROXYLICUS (Ph. D.), L. A light volatile liquid, discovered by P. Taylor, in 1812, among the limpid products of the distillation of dry wood. It has been shown by Dumas and Peligot to be "really a second alcohol, forming an ether, and a series of compounds (MYTAYL-SERIES) exactly corresponding with those of vinous spirit, and, in some points, even more complete than the latter."

_Prep._ Crude pyroligneous acid (which contains about 1% of the spirit) is subjected to distillation, and the first or more volatile portion which pa.s.ses over is neutralised with hydrate of lime. After repose the clear liquid is separated from the oil which floats on the surface, and from the sediment at the bottom of the vessel; this, when redistilled, forms the wood spirit of commerce. It may be strengthened in the same manner as ordinary alcohol, by rectification, and ultimately rendered pure by careful distillation from quicklime by the heat of a water bath. Berzelius recommends the crude spirit to be agitated with a fatty oil, to remove empyreumatic matter, and then to rectify it, first, from recently burnt charcoal, and next with chloride of calcium.

_Prop., &c._ Pure pyroxylic spirit is a transparent colourless liquid, having a penetrating ethereal smell, and a hot disagreeable taste; it is very inflammable, burning with a pale blue flame. It is neutral to test paper; mixes with water, alcohol, and ether, in all proportion; and boils at 152 Fahr.; sp. gr. 798 at 68 Fahr. (Regnault and Liebig.) Dr Ure states the sp. gr. to be 824 at 60; the Dublin College makes it 846.

That of the latter must therefore have contained a little water. It does not dissolve india rubber and gutta percha, like mineral or true naphtha.

Pyroxylic spirit is distinguished from acetone or pyroacetic spirit by the character of its flame, and by freely dissolving chloride of calcium, which is quite insoluble in the latter. In a mixture of these two liquids two distinct strata are formed when this substance, either in powder or concentrated solution, is added.

Pyroxylic spirit is distinguished from vinous spirit by Nessler's test (which _see_), by its forming a solid crystalline salt (methylic oxalate) when distilled with an oxalate and sulphuric acid, and by its lower boiling point. The presence of alcohol, in a mixture of the two, is readily detected by distilling the suspected sample with sulphuric acid.

The formation of common ether indicates ethylic alcohol, and from the amount formed the proportion of alcohol may be determined.

_Uses, &c._ Chiefly to dissolve resins and volatile oils, especially sh.e.l.l-lac, and as a subst.i.tute for alcohol in spirit lamps. As a medicine it is anodyne and sedative; and has been beneficially employed by Drs Christison, Hastings, and Neligan, to allay the hara.s.sing cough, troublesome vomiting, and excessive expectoration, in phthisis and some other affections.--_Dose_, 5 to 30 drops, thrice a day, in water.

=Spirit, Rai'sin.= _Prep._ From raisins fermented along with water, and the wash distilled by a quick fire. Used to give a brandy flavour to malt spirit. 1 gall. added to 150 gall. of plain spirit, along with some colouring, and a little catechu, either with or without a little acetic ether, makes a very decent "British brandy."

=Spirit of Raspberries.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS RUBRI IDaeI. _Prep._ Raspberries, 3 lbs.; rectified spirit, 2 lbs.; distil 2 lbs.

=Spirit, Rec'tified.= See ALCOHOL, and Table I, under SPIRIT.

=Spirit of Salt.= Hydrochloric acid.

=Spirit of Sa.s.safras.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS Sa.s.sAFRAS. _Prep._ Sa.s.safras, troy, 1 lb.; rectified spirit (863), 8 lbs. Macerate 4 days, and distil nearly to dryness.

=Spirit of Scurvy Gra.s.s.= _Syn._ SPIRITUS COCHLEARIA. (Ph. G.) _Prep._ Fresh leaves of flowering scurvy gra.s.s, 8 lbs.; rectified spirit, 3 lbs.; water, 3 lbs. Distil 4 lbs.

=Spirit of Scurvy Gra.s.s (Compound).= _Syn._ SPIRITUS COCHLEARIae COMPOSITUS. (P. Cod.) _Prep._ Fresh scurvy gra.s.s, 5 lbs.; spirit (0864), 6 lbs.; horseradish, 10-1/2 oz. Distil 5 lbs.