The Life of John Marshall Volume II Part 19

[413] Marshall to Was.h.i.+ngton, July 11, 1796; _ib._

[414] Was.h.i.+ngton to Marshall, July 15, 1796; Was.h.i.+ngton's Private Letter Book; MS., Lib. Cong.

[415] Was.h.i.+ngton to Marshall, Oct. 10, 1796; _ib._

[416] Marshall to Was.h.i.+ngton, Oct. 12, 1796; Was.h.i.+ngton MSS., Lib. Cong.

[417] Genet's successor as French Minister to the United States.

[418] _Interesting State Papers_, 48 _et seq._

[419] _Interesting State Papers_, 55.

[420] For able defense of Randolph see Conway, chap. xxiii; but _contra_, see Gibbs, i, chap. ix.

[421] Patterson of New Jersey, Johnson of Maryland, C. C. Pinckney of South Carolina, Patrick Henry of Virginia, and Rufus King of New York.

(Was.h.i.+ngton to Hamilton, Oct. 29, 1795; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 129-30.) King declined because of the abuse heaped upon public officers.

(Hamilton to Was.h.i.+ngton, Nov. 5, 1795; _ib._, footnote to 130.)

[422] Was.h.i.+ngton to Hamilton, Oct. 29, 1795; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 131.

[423] For debate see _Annals_, 4th Cong., 1st Sess., 423-1291.

[424] Carrington to Was.h.i.+ngton, May 9, 1796; MS., Lib. Cong.

[425] Oliver Wolcott to his father, Feb. 12, 1791; Gibbs, i, 62.

[426] Hamilton to King, June 20, 1795; _Works_: Lodge, x, 103.

[427] Was.h.i.+ngton to Knox, Sept. 20, 1795; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 105-06.

[428] Carrington to the President, April 22, 1796; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, footnote to 185.

[429] Was.h.i.+ngton to Carrington, May 1, 1796; _ib._, 185.

[430] _Ib._, 186.

[431] Story, in Dillon, iii, 352.

[432] Senator Stephen Thompson Mason wrote privately to Tazewell that the Fairfax purchasers and British merchants were the only friends of the treaty in Virginia. (Anderson, 42.)

[433] Alexander Campbell. (See _infra_, chap. V.)

[434] Randolph to Madison, Richmond, April 25, 1796; Conway, 362. Only freeholders could vote.

[435] Marshall to Hamilton, April 25, 1796; _Works_: Hamilton, vi, 109.

[436] Author unknown.

[437] _Richmond and Manchester Advertiser_, April 27, 1796.

[438] Carrington to the President, April 27, 1796; MS., Lib. Cong.

[439] Marshall to King, April 25, 1796; King, ii, 45-46.

[440] Was.h.i.+ngton to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 208.

[441] Robert Morris to James M. Marshall, May 1, 1796; Morris's Private Letter Book; MS., Lib. Cong.

[442] Story, in Dillon, iii, 350.

[443] Marshall to King, April 19, 1796; Hamilton MSS., Lib. Cong.

Hamilton, it seems, had also asked Marshall to make overtures to Patrick Henry for the Presidency. (King, ii, footnote to 46.) But no correspondence between Hamilton and Marshall upon this subject has been discovered. Marshall's correspondence about Henry was with King.

[444] Marshall to King, May 24, 1796; King, ii, 48.

[445] For an accurate description of the unparalleled abuse of Was.h.i.+ngton, see McMaster, ii, 249-50, 289-91, 302-06.

[446] Marshall, ii, 391-92. Also see Was.h.i.+ngton to Pickering, March 3, 1797; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 378-80; and to Gordon, Oct. 15; _ib._, 427.

[447] Journal, H.D. (1796), 46-47; MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.

[448] Journal, H.D. (1796), 153; MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.

[449]_ Ib._

[450] _Ib._ This amendment is historically important for another reason.

It is the first time that the Virginia Legislature refers to that Commonwealth as a "State" in contra-distinction to the country. Although the Journal shows that this important motion was pa.s.sed, the ma.n.u.script draft of the resolution signed by the presiding officer of both Houses does not show the change. (MS. Archives, Va. St. Lib.)

[451] Story, in Dillon, iii, 355. Marshall's account was inaccurate, as we have seen. His memory was confused as to the vote in the two contests (_supra_), a very natural thing after the lapse of twenty years. In the first contest the House of Delegates voted overwhelmingly against including the word "wisdom" in the resolutions; and on the Senate amendment restored it by a dangerously small majority. On the second contest in 1796, when Marshall declares that Was.h.i.+ngton's friends won "by a very small majority," they were actually defeated.

[452] Journal, H. D., 153-90.

[453] _Aurora_, Monday, March 5, 1797. This paper, expressing Republican hatred of Was.h.i.+ngton, had long been a.s.sailing him. For instance, on October 24, 1795, a correspondent, in the course of a scandalous attack upon the President, said: "The consecrated ermine of Presidential chast.i.ty seems too foul for time itself to bleach." (See Cobbett, i, 411; and _ib._, 444, where the _Aurora_ is represented as having said that "Was.h.i.+ngton has the ostentation of an eastern bashaw.") From August to September the _Aurora_ had accused Was.h.i.+ngton of peculation. (See "Calm Observer" in _Aurora_, Oct. 23 to Nov. 5, 1795.)

[454] Henry to his daughter, Aug. 20, 1796; Henry, ii, 569-70. Henry was now an enemy of Jefferson and his dislike was heartily reciprocated.

[455] Was.h.i.+ngton to Jefferson, July 6, 1796; _Writings_: Ford, xiii, 230-31. This letter is in answer to a letter from Jefferson denying responsibility for the publication of a Cabinet paper in the _Aurora_.

(Jefferson to Was.h.i.+ngton, June 19, 1796; _Works_: Ford, viii, 245; and see Marshall, ii, 390-91.) Even in Congress Was.h.i.+ngton did not escape.

In the debate over the last address of the National Legislature to the President, Giles of Virginia declared that Was.h.i.+ngton had been "neither wise nor firm." He did not think "so much of the President." He "wished him to retire ... the government of the United States could go on very well without him." (_Annals_, 4th Cong., 2d Sess. (Dec. 14, 1796), 1614-18.) On the three roll-calls and pa.s.sage of the address Giles voted against Was.h.i.+ngton. (_Ib._, 1666-68.) So did Andrew Jackson, a new member from Tennessee. (_Ib._)

The unpopularity of Was.h.i.+ngton's Administration led to the hostile policy of Bache's paper, largely as a matter of business. This provident editor became fiercely "Republican" because, as he explained to his relative, Temple Franklin, in England, he "could not [otherwise]

maintain his family," and "he had determined to adopt a bold experiment and to come out openly against the Administration. He thought the public temper would bear it." (Marshall to Pickering, Feb. 28, 1811, relating the statement of Temple Franklin to James M. Marshall while in England in 1793.)

CHAPTER V