Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch Part 7

CARL, _sb._ a man, an old man, very frequently with an idea of disrespect. C.S., 144. O.N. _karl_, Norse _kar_, a man, fellow, but _kall_, an old man, with a.s.similation of _rl_ to _ll_. W.Norse _kadl_ exhibits the change of _ll_ to _dl_. In Dan. and in Sw. dial _karl_. Cu. _carl_ means a coa.r.s.e fellow.

Dunbar has the word _wifcarl_, man.

CARLAGE, _adj._ oldish, decrepit. Irving, 172. O.N. _karl_ + _leikr_.

CARLING, KARLING, CARLINE, _sb._ an old woman, a slatternly woman.

O.N. _kerling_, an old woman, _karlinna_, a woman. O. Dan.

_kaerlingh_, O. Sw. _karling_, Norse _kjaering_, Dan. _kiaerling_ (p.r.o.nounced _kaelling_), id. Dan. dial. _kerling_. Cp. Gael.

_cailliach_. Does not seem to exist in Eng. diall. south of the border.

CARP, KARP, _vb._ to talk, converse. Wyntoun, VI, 18, 313. O.N.

_karpa_. See Skeat Et.D.

CASTINGS, _sb. pl._ cast off clothes. Dunbar's Complaynt, 43. Deriv.

from _cast_. O.N. _kasta_.

CHAFT, _sb._ the jaw, also used vulgarly for the mouth. O.N.

_kj.a.ptr_, the jaw. Norse _kjaeft_, vulgar name for the mouth.

O. Sw. _kiapter_, M. Sw. _kaft_, Dan. _kjaeft_, M.E. _chaft_.

CHAFT-BLADE, CHAFF-BLADE, _sb._ jaw. Mansie Wauch, 41, 20; 76, 23; 147, 28. Cp. Norse _kjaefte-blad_, id. See _chaft_.

CHOWK, _sb._ jawbone. Dalr., VIII, 112, 14; Isaiah, L, 6. O.N.

_kjalki_, the jawbone, Norse _kjake_.

CHYNGIEL, _sb._ gravel. Douglas, III, 302, 30. Norse _singl_, see Skeat, and Wall.

CLED, _pp._ clad, clothed. Wallace, I, 382. O.N. _klaeddr_, dressed, from _klaea_. O.E. _claean_, from which N. Eng. _clothe_, was borrowed from the Scand. in late O.E. See Kluge P.G.(2)I, 932.

CLAG, _sb._ a stain, a flaw. Dalr., VIII, 97, 17. The vowel in O.N.

_kleggi_ does not correspond. It is rather Dan. _klag_, see _claggit_.

CLAGGIT, _adj._ clagged, literally adhering, sticking, vb. _clag_, to stick. Lindsay, Lx.x.xVII, 2667. Dan. _klaeg_, mud, sticky clay, as adj. sticky, cp. Cu. _claggy_, adhesive, _clog_, to stick to, O.E. _claeg_, from which N. Eng. _clay_. Possibly from an unpalatalized O. Nhb. _claeg_.

Cleading, _sb._ dress, clothing, A.P.B. 110 cp. Norse _klaedning_, Sco. formation, same as clothing in Eng. The Sco. vb. is _cleed_.

CLECKIN, _sb._ brood of chickens. Burns, 99, 4. Cp. O.N. _klekking_, chicken, but probably Sco. formation from _cleck_, to hatch, q.v.

CLEG, _sb._ the gadfly, horsefly. Burns, 88, I. O.N. _kleggi_, horsefly, Dan. _kleg_. See Wall.

CLEK, _vb._ to hatch. Dunbar, 105; Douglas, II, 198, 3. O.N.

_klekja_, O. Sw. _klakkia_, Norse _klokkja_, _klottja_, Dan.

_klaekke_, Sw. _klacka_, id.

CLOFF, _sb._ fork, fissure. Montg. F., 60. O.N. _klof_, bifurcation, O. Dan. _klov_, a rift in a tree, O. Sw. _klovi_, id. Norse _klov_, a cleft opening. Cp. Sco. _long-cloved_ and Ic.

_klof-langr_.

CLOUR, _vb._ to beat, strike; always used with reference to personal encounters. O.N. _klora_, to scratch, Norse _klora_ id., _klor_ sb. used with reference to the scratch one gets as the result of a blow. In Sco. _clour_ may also mean the blow itself.

CLOUR, CLOWRE, _sb._ a scratch or swelling after a blow. Fergusson, 120; Philotus, 153; Douglas, I, 6, 4. O.N. _klor_, a scratching. Norse _klor._ Probably Sco. formation.

CLUBBIT, _adj._ clubfooted, clumsy. Montg. S., XXVIII; M.P., 13, 30.

O.N. _klubba_ and _klumba_, Norse _klubba_, Dan., Norse _klump_. Cp. Eng. _clump_. Soderwall gives _klubba, klobba_, probably M. Sw. Cp. N.Dan. _klubbe_. Exhibits a.s.similation of _mb_ to _bb_ which is general in W. Scand. Also appears to some extent later in E. Scand. Eng. _club_ is Scand. See Skeat.

CLUNK, _vb._ to emit a hollow and uninterrupted sound. Jamieson, Ayr. O.N. _klunka_, Norse _klunka_, to emit a gurgling sound.

O. Sw. _klunka_, Eng. _clink_ shows umlaut.

CLYFFT, _sb._ a cleft, a fissure. Wallace, VII, 859. Norse _klyft_, _kluft_, Ic. _kluft_, Sw. _klyfta_, Dan. _kloft_. See also Skeat under _cleft_, and B.S. _cluft_. The Sco. word like the M.E. exhibits the umlaut which has taken place in some places in Norway and Sweden.

COG, KOG, COGGIE, _sb._ a keg, a wooden vessel of any kind.

Ferguson, 13; Burns, 195, 51, 2; 195, 50, 6. O.N. _kaggi_, Norse _kagge_, Dan. Sw. _kagge_, a cask, a barrel. Skeat cites the form _cag_ for Eng. diall. The Sco. word preserves more closely the Norse sound, which is not _o_, but _a_. On L.G.

cognates see Skeat Et.D.

COSTLYK, _adj._ costly, magnificent. Wyntoun, VIII, 28, 76; IX, 18, 66, costlike. O.N. _kostligr_, costly, choice, desirable.

O. Sw. _kosteliker_, O. Dan. _kostaelic_, N. Dan. _kostelig_, Norse _kosteleg_, costly, magnificent. Deriv. _costlykly_.

Wyntoun, VII, 5, 96.

COUR, _vb._ to bow, to croutch. O.N. _kura_, O. Dan. _kurae_, O. Sw.

_kura_, Norse _kura_, _kurra_, bend down, become quiet, go to rest. Norse _kurr_, adj. silent, _kurrende still_, perfectly quiet, cowered to silence. The fundamental idea in the O.N.

word was probably that of "lying quiet." Cp. Shetland _to cur_, to sit down. Isaiah, LVIII, 5: "His head till cower like a seggan flouir."

COW, _vb._ to overcome, surpa.s.s, "beat." O.N. _kuga_, to compel to something, to tyrannize over. Dan _kue_, _underkue_, suppress, oppress, Norse _kua_, press down, also put into subjection.

The more general meaning in the modern diall. is "to beat."

"To cow a'," in Barrie, to beat everything; _cow'd_, Fergusson 117, terrified.

CRAIK, _sb._ crow. Burns, 226, 119, 3, and 121, 1. O.N. _kraka_, Norse _kraake_, _krauka_, Dan. _krage_, Shetland _kraga_, crow. See also Wall.

CRAVE, _vb._ to demand payment of a debt, to dun. A regular Sco. use of the word. O.E. _crafian_ is a loanword from Scand. See Kluge P.G.(2)I, 933. Cp. Norse _kreva_, to dun.

CROVE, _sb._ hut, cottage. Ramsay, I, 158. O.N. _kro_, a hut, a little cottage (Haldorson), Norse, _kro_, specialized to "wine or ale house." So in Dan.

CUNNAND, _adj._ knowing, skilful, dexterous. Wyntoun, VII, 3, 28; _connand_, V, 12, 1243; Douglas, II, 18, 22. O.N. _kunnandi_, knowing, learned, Norse _kunnande_, skilled. Deriv.

_cunnandly_, _conandly_ (Wallace, I, 248).

CUNNANDNESS, _sb._ skill, knowledge, wisdom. Wyntoun, V, 12, 280; VII, 8, 667. Sb. formation from _cunnand_.

DAGGIT, _adj. pp._ soaked. Montg. S., 68, 11. O.N. _doggva_, to bedew, _doggottr_, covered with dew, Norse _dogga_, id., Sw.

_dagg_, thin, drizzling rain, O. Sw. _dag_, dew, Shetland _dag_, dew, "he's dagen," it is misting. Cp. Cu. _daggy_, misty.

DAPILL, _adj._ gray. Douglas, II, 257, 19; Scott 72, 126, "till hair and berd grow dapill." O.N. _depill_. See Skeat.

DAPPLET, _adj._ spotted, flecked. Burns, VII, 11. See _dapple_ in Skeat Et.D.

DASH, _vb._ to strike. Burns, 210, 872, 8, 7. O.N. _daska_, to strike, sb. _dask_, a strike, Norse _daska_, Dan., Sw.

_daska_, M.E. _daschen_. See Bradley's Stratmann.

DE, DEE, _vb._ to die, M.E. _deyen_. Undoubtedly a Scand. loan-word.

Luik (91-93), agreeing with Napier, thinks the word is native from primitive Gmc. *_daujan_. I think, however, with Kluge, that if the word had existed in O.E. it would have appeared earlier. See Kluge P.G.(2)I, 933. O.N. _doyja_, Norse _doi_, O. Dan. _doia_, Dan, _do_. On M.E. _deyen_ see Brate.