Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch Part 8

DEGRAITHIT, _pp._ deprived of. Lyndsay, 523, 3935. Formed from the sb. _graith_, possessions, hence _degraith_, to dispossess.

Cp. the Eng. parallel. See _graith_.

DEY, DEE, _sb._ maid, woman. A.P.B., 151; Ramsay 399. O.N. _daeigja_, a dairy maid, Norse _deigja_, servant, _budeie_, dairy maid, O. Sw. _deghia_, _deijha_, maid, girl, sweetheart, O. Dan.

_deije_, mistress, _deijepige_, servant. The Sco. word has nearly always the general sense of "woman."

DING, _vb._ to drive, strike, beat, overcome. O.N. _dengja_, to hammer, Norse _dengja_, _denge_, to whip, beat, O. Sw.

_dangia_ id., Sw. _dange_, O. Dan. _daenge_, M.E. _dingen_.

A very common word in Sco., used quite generally as Eng.

"beat," in the sense of "surpa.s.sing." "To ding a'" = to beat everything. Cp. "to cow a'."

DIRDUM, _sb._ tumult, uproar. Douglas, I, 117, 9. O.N. _dra-domr_, "doordoom, an ancient tribunal held at the door of the house of the suspected person, which often was followed by uproar and bloodshed" (Small). The word appears in Gael. as _durdan_.

DOIF, _adj._ deaf, dull. Irving, 214. See _douff_. For similar parallel forms cp. _gowk_ and _goilk_; _nowt_ and _nolt_; _howk_ and _holk_; _lowp_ and _loip_; _bowdyn_ and _boildin_, etc.

DONK, _adj._ damp, moist. Douglas, II, 196, 32; Dunbar, G.T., 97.

Cu. _donky_. See Skeat under _dank_. Cp. _donk_ sb.

DONK, _sb._ a moist place. Rolland, I, 2. Sw. dial. _dank_, a moist marshy place, small valley. O.N. _dokk_, a pool, Norse _dok_, a valley, Shetland _dek_. Exhibits E. Scand. non-a.s.similation of _nk_ to _kk_.

DONK, _vb._ to moisten. Dunbar, T.M.W., 10, 512. M.E. _donken_, to moisten. See _donk_, adj.

DONNART, _adj._ stupid, stupefied. Mansie Wauch, 96, 29. Norse _daana_, Sw. _dna_, to faint. For the _r_ cp. dumbfoundered, M.W., p. 210, 25. An excrescent _r_ appears in a number of words, so in _dynnart_, a variant of the word above, Dunbar, T.M.W. 10. Cp. _daunert_, in stupor, Johnnie Gibb, 56, 44, and _dauner_, to wander aimlessly, Psalms CVII, 40.

DOOCK, DUCK. _sb._ a kind of coa.r.s.e cloth. Jamieson. Probably in this case, as the form of the word indicates, from O.N.

_dukr_, O. Sw. _duker_, cloth. Cp. Norse _duk_, Dan.

_dug_, Sw. dial. _duk_. Skeat derives the Eng. _duck_ from Du.

_dock_, but the Sco. word agrees more closely with the Norse.

DOSEN, _adj._ stupefied. Burns 220, 107, 2. Cp. Cu. _dozent_, stupefied, and Mansie Wauch, 207, 24, _dozing_, whirling, sprawling. The Norse work _dusen_ has the same meaning as _dosen_ above. The form _dosynt_, pp. dazed, stunned (Burns), is to be explained from a Sco. vb. _dosen_ (not necessarily _dosnen_ in Scotland), corresponding to M.E. _dasin_, O.N.

_dasa_. See Skeat under _doze_.

DOWFF, DOUF, DOLF, _adj._ deaf, dull, melancholy, miserable.

Douglas, II, 63, 11; Burns, 44, 4. O.N. _daufr_, deaf, Norse _dauv_, drowsy, dull, _dauva_, make drowsy. See _dowie_.

DOWIE, DOWY, _adj/_ melancholy, dismal. O.N. _doufr_, dead, drowsy.

Norse _dauv_, _dau_, id. Cp. Sco. _doolie_ and Ir. _doiligh_, mournful, O.N. _daufligr_, dismal.

DOWLESS, _adj._ careless, worthless. Isaiah, 32, 11. O.N.

_duglauss_, Norse _duglaus_, good for nothing, said of a person who has lost all courage or strength, as opposed to _duglegr_, capable. Norse _duglysa_, weakness, inability. Cp. Dan.

_due_, to be able. Germ. _taugen_.

DRAIK, _vb._ to drown, drench. Lyndsay, 247, 714; _draikit_, Isaiah, I, 22. Apparently from O.N. _drekkja_, to drown, to swamp. The vowel is difficult to explain. The Cu. form _drakt_, drenched, wet, indicates a verb, _drak_. The change in vowel would then be similar to that in _dwall_ from O.N. _dvelja_, Eng.

_dwell_. Uncertain.

DRAM, _sb._ a drink. Fergusson, 40; Mansie Wauch, 9, 9; 90, 2. Norse _dram_, a drink, always used with reference to a strong drink, so in Sco. Dan. _dram_, as much of a strong drink as is taken at one time (Molbeck). O. Sw. _dramb_, drinking in general, carousing. This usage of _dram_ is distinctively Scand. and Sco. Cp. Eng. _dram_, Sco. vb. _dram_, to furnish with drinks.

DRAWKIT, _adj._ drenched. Dunbar 142, 102; Douglas, I, 56, 12; III, 303, 8. See _draik_. The vowel is difficult to explain.

Absence of _n_ before the _k_ proves that it is either a Scand. loanword direct, or a Sco. formation from one. There is no Scand. word from which _drawkit_ could come. It may be a Sco. formation from _draik_. For change of _ai_ to _aw_ cp.

_agent_ and _awgent_; _various_ and _vawrious_, in Aberdeen dial. The M. Dan. _drockne_, N. Norse _drokna_, would hardly account for _aw_ in _drawkit_.

DROOK, to drench, to drown. Isaiah, XVI, 9; LV, 10; Psalms, VI, 6.

Cannot come from O.N. _drekkja_. Probably from O.N. _drukna_, to drown, Norse _drukna_, O. Dan. _dronkne_, by lengthening of the vowel. Cp. Cu. _drookt_, severely wet. The following infinitive forms also occur, _draik_, _drowk_, _drawk_.

DROUKIT, _adj._ drenched. Fergusson, 40. See _drook_.

DRUCKEN, DRUKEN, _adj._ drunken, addicted to drink. O.N., Norse _drukken_, pp. of _drikka_, to drink. Early E. Scand. has the una.s.similated form. Cp. O. Dan. _dronkne_, _drone_. Later Dan.

_drougne_, _drocken_. Early Sw. _drokken_.

DUDDY, _adj._ ragged. Fergusson, 146; Burns, 68, 48. See _duds_.

Cp. Cu. _duddy fuddiel_, a ragged fellow.

DUDS, _sb. pl._ rags, clothes, O.N. _dudi_, "vestes plumatae"

(Haldorson), _duda_ (_dua_), to wrap up heavily, to swaddle.

Gael. _dud_, rag, is a loan-word from O.N. It is possible that the word may have come into Lowland Sco. by way of Gael.

EGG, _vb._ to urge on, to incite. O.N. _eggja_, goad, incite, Norse _egga_, Dan. _egge_, id. The word is general Gmc., but this specific sense is Scand. Cp. O. Fr. _eggia_, to quarrel, to fight. M.L.G. _eggen_, to cut, to sharpen a sword.

EGGING, _sb._ excitement, urging. Bruce, IV, 539. See _egg_.

EIDENT, YDAN, YTHAND, _adj._ diligent. Dalr., I, 233, 35; Fergusson, 94; Douglas, I, 86, 17. O.N. _iinn_, a.s.siduous, diligent, _ija_, to be active. Norse _idn_, activity, industry. Cp.

Dan. _id_, _idelig_.

ELDING, _sb._ fuel. Dalr., I, 10, 8. O.N. _elding_, firing, fuel.

Norse _elding_, id. Cu. _eldin_. From O.N. _eldr_, fire.

Cp. Shetland _eld_, fire. See N.E.D.

ELDNYNG, _sb._ pa.s.sion, also jealousy. Dunbar, 36, 204; 119, 126, literally "firing up." O.N. _eldr_, fire. Cp. Sw. _elding_.

ENCRELY, YNKIRLY, _adv._ especially, particularly. Bruce, I, 92; I, 301; X, 287. O.N. _einkarlegr_, O. Dan. _enkorlig_, O. Sw.

_enkorlika_, adj. adv. special, especially. Cp. Norse _einkeleg_, unusual, extraordinary. See B-S and Skeat's glossary to Barbour's Bruce.

END, _sb._ breath. Sat. P., 42, 63. See _aynd_.

END, _vb._ to breathe upon. Dalr., I, 29, 6. O.N. _anda_, Norse _anda_, breathe, M.E. _anden_.

ERD, _vb._ to bury. Dunbar, F., 372; Douglas, II, 266, 10; Bruce, XX, 291. O.N. _jara_, to bury, O. Sw. _iora_. O.E. _eardian_ meant "to dwell, inhabit." See further Wall. A case of borrowed meaning, the form is Eng.

ERDING, _sb._ burial. Bruce, IV, 255; XIX, 86. See _erd_ vb.

ESPYNE, _sb._ a long boat. Bruce, XVII, 719. O.N. _espingr_, a s.h.i.+p's boat, Sw. _esping_.

ETTIL, ETIL, _sb._ aim, design. Douglas, II, 249, 13; II, 254. See _ettil_ vb.

ETLYNG, _sb._ aim, endeavor, intention. Bruce, II, 22; I, 587; R.R., 1906. Probably a deriv. from _ettle_, see below, but cp. O.N.

_etlun_, design, plan, intention.

ETTLE, ETTIL, _vb._ to intend, aim at, attempt. O.N. _aetla_, intend, O. Dan. _aetlae_, ponder over, Norse _etla_, intend, determine, or get ready to do a thing. Cu. _ettle_, York, _attle_. In Isaiah, LIX, colophon, _ettle_ signifies "means, have the meaning."