North American Jumping Mice (Genus Zapus) Part 19

SOUTH DAKOTA: _Bennett Co._: Batesland, 1 (FM).

_Marginal records._--South Dakota: Batesland. Nebraska: 3 mi. NE Ponca; Beemer; 5 mi. SE Rulo. Missouri: Pevely. Oklahoma: Mohawk Park. Kansas: 1/2 mi. S Hamilton. Nebraska: Platte Meadows, Kearney; Ballard Marsh, 20 mi. S Valentine; Niobrara River, 18 mi. NW Kennedy.

=Zapus hudsonius preblei= new subspecies

_Type._--Male, adult, No. 73085, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Loveland, Larimer County, Colorado; obtained on July 23, 1895, by E. A.

Preble, original No. 435.

_Range._--Southeastern Wyoming and north-central Colorado. See fig. 47.

Zonal range: Transition.

_Description._--Size medium; color dull, back from near Clay Color to near Tawny-Olive with admixture of black hair forming poorly defined dorsal band; sides lighter than back from near Clay Color to near Cinnamon-Buff; lateral line distinct and clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, sometimes with faint wash of clear Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to light brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; incisive foramina relatively narrow and elongate; auditory bullae moderately inflated; pterygoid fossae relatively broad; postpalatal notch broadly rounded; interorbital region relatively narrow; zygomatic arch not widely bowed; frontal region well inflated; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively short.

_Comparisons._--Among named subspecies, _Zapus hudsonius preblei_ most closely resembles _Z. h. campestris_. From topotypes of _Z. h.

campestris_, _Z. h. preblei_ differs as follows: Upper parts generally dull, averaging lighter, less black-tipped hair; dorsal band less distinct; sides duller; averaging smaller in most cranial measurements taken; least interorbital constriction narrower; auditory bullae smaller, less well inflated; incisive foramina narrower, not truncate posteriorly; frontal region usually more inflated.

From _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_, _Z. h. preblei_ differs as follows: Upper parts generally duller (less ochraceous); dorsal band less distinct; sides paler (not bright Ochraceous-Buff); zygomatic arch less widely bowed; least interorbital constriction narrower; occipitonasal length averaging greater; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging less; incisive foramina longer, proportionally less widely bowed; auditory bullae longer; pterygoid fossae averaging broader.

_Remarks._--No evidence of intergradation with any other geographic race was noted. To the east the range of _Z. h. preblei_ is separated from that of _Z. h. pallidus_ (western Kansas and southwestern Nebraska), by several hundred miles of mixed and short gra.s.s prairie. Much of this area is unsuitable to jumping mice but local marshy places might be inhabited. Much territory inhospitable to _Zapus_ intervenes also between the ranges of _Z. h. preblei_ and _Z. h. campestris_. This area (northern Platte, Goshen, eastern Converse, Niobrara, and southern Weston counties, Wyoming) is chiefly rolling hills and short gra.s.s prairie and, like that to the east, is only locally suitable for _Zapus_. If jumping mice do occur in suitable places in these intervening areas it is to be expected that they will show intergradation between the subspecies concerned.

_Zapus hudsonius preblei_, on the basis of 11 specimens, agrees most closely in size and color with _Z. h. campestris_; there is much less resemblance between _Z. h. preblei_ and _Z. h. pallidus_.

An adult from Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, is typically _Z. h.

preblei_ as is one from Cheyenne.

Although specimens of _Z. h. preblei_ are few (4 adult, 7 non-adults), the differences between this and neighboring named kinds is considerable.

_Specimens examined_: Total, 11, distributed as follows:

COLORADO: _Boulder County_: 3 mi. E Boulder, 1 (UCM); _5 mi. E Boulder_, 1 (UCM); _south of Boulder_ (no exact locality), 1 (UCM). _Jefferson County_: Semper, 1. _Larimer County_: Loveland, 2 (USBS).

WYOMING: _Albany County_: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., 3 (USBS). _Laramie County_: Cheyenne, 1 (USNM). _Platte County_: Chugwater, 1 (Clev. MNH).

_Marginal records._--Wyoming: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft.; Chugwater; Cheyenne. Colorado: Loveland; Semper.

=Zapus hudsonius tenellus= Merriam

_Zapus tenellus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Was.h.i.+ngton, 11:103, April 26, 1897.

_Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 40:377, November 5, 1934.

_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat.

Hist., 5:111, November 28, 1951 (part--the part from E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, British Columbia).

_Type._--Female, young adult, skin and skull, No. 66932 U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Kamloops, British Columbia; obtained on August 25, 1894, by Clark P. Streator, original No. 4196.

_Range._--British Columbia. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.

_Description._--Size medium; back from near Clay Color (brighter) to near Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of black tipped hairs forming a weakly defined dorsal band; sides lighter than back from near dull Ochraceous-Buff to near Cinnamon-Buff frequently with admixture of dark-tipped hairs; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white sometimes with slight suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, white or grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged and flecked on inner surface with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae relatively narrow, moderately inflated, elongate when viewed from below, anterior edge slightly concave; incisive foramina relatively short; braincase relatively narrow; vertical depth of skull at junction of frontals and nasals relatively great; nasals relatively narrow; pterygoid fossae moderately broad; zygomata relatively short.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--Merriam (1897a:103) named this jumping mouse as a full species, mentioning that the skull is similar in size and characters to that of _Zapus hudsonius_ but that externally these animals differed in coloration and length of the tail. Hall (1934:377) treated _Z. tenellus_ as a subspecies of _Z. hudsonius_. He observed that the difference between _Z. tenellus_, _Z. h. alascensis_, and _Z. h. hudsonius_ was of the same degree, and, even though intergrading material was not known to him, he considered _tenellus_ only subspecifically distinct from _Z.

hudsonius_. Hall (_loc. cit._) tentatively referred to _Z. h. tenellus_ specimens from Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville, Cottonwood P.

O., and Hazelton, British Columbia. I have seen and compared with the type of _Z. tenellus_ all specimens examined by Hall and agree with him that they are best referred to _Z. h. tenellus_. Since 1934, several additional localities in British Columbia have yielded specimens. Those from Minaker River and Fort St. John are intermediate in dorsal coloration and in size and shape of the auditory bullae between _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Z. h. tenellus_ but in all other characters are most nearly like _Z. h. tenellus_ to which they are here a.s.signed.

These intergrades const.i.tute additional evidence that _Z. tenellus_ and _Z. hudsonius_ are only subspecies of a single species.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 17, all from British Columbia, distributed as follows: east side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch, 1; Hazelton, 959 ft., 2 (MVZ); 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John, 1; _Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville_, 5 (MVZ); Cottonwood P. O., 3 (MVZ); S end Swan Lake, Vernon, 1200 ft., 2 (MVZ); Kamloops, 3 (USBS).

_Marginal records._--British Columbia.--E side Minaker River, 1 mi. W Trutch; 5 mi. W and 3 mi. N Fort St. John; S end Swan Lake, Vernon, 1200 ft.; Kamloops; Hazelton, 959 ft.

TABLE 5.--Cranial Measurements (in Millimeters) of Zapus.

Column headings:

Col. A: Number examined, [M][M] plus [F][F]

Col. B: Breadth of braincase Col. C: Condylobasal length Col. D: Interorbital breadth Col. E: Mastoidal breadth Col. F: Length of maxillary tooth-row Col. G: Occipitonasal length Col. H: Palatal length Col. I: Zygomatic breadth Col. J: Zygomatic length

========+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+======+====== A B C D E F G H I J --------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus trinotatus eureka_, Big Lagoon, California.

13 mean 10.3 21.4 4.2 10.9 3.9 24.5 10.4 12.5 9.5 max 10.6 22.1 4.4 11.1 4.0 25.5 11.5 13.2 10.0 min 10.0 20.7 3.9 10.0 3.7 24.0 10.5 12.1 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus trinotatus monta.n.u.s_, Crater Lake, Oregon.

10 mean 10.3 20.7 4.5 10.6 4.0 24.3 10.5 12.1 9.5 max 10.5 21.5 4.7 11.1 4.1 24.8 10.8 12.6 9.8 min 10.2 20.3 4.2 10.2 3.7 23.5 10.1 11.8 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Lost Cr. R. S., 10 mi. SE McKenzie Bridge, Oregon.

5 mean 10.3 20.9 4.5 10.7 3.9 24.2 10.4 12.1 9.3 max 10.5 21.3 4.6 10.9 4.1 24.6 10.7 12.2 9.4 min 10.2 20.4 4.4 10.5 3.8 23.5 10.0 12.0 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus trinotatus orarius_, 3 mi. W Inverness, 800 ft., California.

12 mean 9.9 20.4 3.8 10.8 3.7 22.6 10.0 12.1 9.3 max 10.2 20.9 4.1 11.0 3.8 23.5 10.6 12.5 9.8 min 9.6 19.9 3.7 10.4 3.6 21.7 9.8 11.9 8.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus trinotatus trinotatus_, Old Fort Clatsop, 100 ft., Oregon.

8 mean 10.3 21.1 4.4 10.7 3.8 24.3 10.6 12.3 9.6 max 10.6 21.8 4.8 11.0 3.9 25.0 11.0 12.7 10.2 min 10.0 20.2 4.0 10.4 3.7 23.6 10.0 11.9 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Cayuse Meadow, 3800 ft., 3-1/2 mi. SW Steamboat Mt'n, Wash.

10 mean 10.4 21.5 4.5 11.1 3.9 24.6 10.7 12.6 9.7 max 10.6 22.2 4.8 11.4 4.1 25.4 11.1 12.8 10.0 min 10.2 20.6 3.8 10.8 3.8 23.7 10.2 12.2 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Snoqualmie Pa.s.s, Was.h.i.+ngton.

5 mean 10.6 21.6 4.6 11.1 4.0 24.8 10.9 12.8 9.8 max 10.7 22.2 4.8 11.5 4.2 25.6 11.2 13.2 10.0 min 10.4 21.2 4.4 10.9 3.8 24.0 10.5 12.5 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Alta Lake, 2200 ft., British Columbia.

5 mean 10.6 21.6 4.3 11.3 4.1 24.7 10.8 12.7 9.7 max 10.9 21.9 4.6 11.5 4.3 25.0 10.9 13.1 9.8 min 10.5 21.2 4.2 11.0 3.9 24.4 10.7 12.3 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps cinereus_, Raft River Mt's, Utah.

4 mean 10.5 21.5 5.0 11.1 4.1 24.5 10.9 12.6 9.9 max 11.0 22.5 5.1 11.4 4.3 25.0 11.6 12.9 10.5 min 10.3 21.0 4.6 10.7 3.9 24.0 10.4 12.3 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Mt. Harrison, 10 mi. S Albion, Idaho.

13 mean 10.5 21.4 4.8 10.9 4.1 24.9 10.9 12.4 10.1 max 10.7 22.0 5.1 11.4 4.2 25.5 11.4 12.8 10.8 min 10.2 20.9 4.5 10.5 3.9 24.3 10.2 11.7 9.8 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps curtatus_, Pine Forest Mt's, Nevada.

11 mean 10.5 21.1 4.7 10.7 4.2 24.6 10.9 12.2 9.7 max 10.6 21.8 5.0 11.0 4.4 25.3 11.4 12.5 10.0 min 10.2 20.5 4.2 10.5 3.9 24.0 10.5 11.9 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps idahoensis_, several localities near Cody, Wyoming.

24 mean 10.5 21.4 4.6 11.0 4.0 24.7 10.9 12.6 9.6 max 11.2 22.6 5.2 11.4 4.2 25.6 11.5 13.3 10.2 min 9.9 20.6 4.3 10.5 3.9 24.1 10.2 12.0 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ 5 mi. E Warm Lake, 7000 ft., Idaho.

4 mean 10.2 21.2 4.3 11.0 4.1 24.4 10.7 12.3 9.5 max 10.3 21.8 4.4 11.1 4.2 24.8 11.0 12.6 9.9 min 10.0 20.7 4.2 10.8 4.0 23.9 10.3 12.0 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Summit Smith Mt'n, 7500 ft., Idaho.

9 mean 10.2 21.3 4.4 10.9 4.1 24.5 10.7 12.1 9.5 max 10.5 22.5 4.6 11.3 4.3 25.2 11.2 12.6 10.0 min 10.0 20.8 4.0 10.5 3.9 23.9 10.3 11.8 9.1 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ 2 mi. NE Cooke, 8500 ft., Montana.

6 mean 10.4 21.1 4.4 10.9 4.0 24.3 10.5 12.5 9.7 max 10.6 21.8 4.5 11.5 4.1 25.4 11.1 12.9 10.2 min 10.2 20.3 4.3 10.7 3.8 23.5 9.9 12.0 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Birch Cr., 18 mi. NE Dillon, 7100 ft., Montana.

11 mean 10.3 21.3 4.3 11.0 4.0 24.5 10.8 12.6 9.6 max 10.6 22.2 4.6 11.6 4.3 25.5 11.5 13.0 9.9 min 9.7 20.7 4.0 10.6 3.8 23.7 10.3 12.4 9.2 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps idahoensis_, Waterton Lakes Park, Alberta.

5 mean 10.6 21.4 4.6 10.7 4.1 24.5 10.8 12.2 9.7 max 10.9 22.1 4.7 11.0 4.2 25.2 11.0 12.3 10.1 min 10.3 21.0 4.4 10.4 4.0 24.2 10.6 11.8 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps kootenayensis_, near Rossland, British Columbia.

10 mean 10.2 20.5 4.4 10.6 4.0 23.7 10.4 11.9 9.2 max 10.8 21.0 4.8 10.9 4.2 24.4 10.7 12.2 9.5 min 9.7 20.0 4.1 10.0 3.8 23.2 9.9 11.4 9.0 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps luteus_, White Mt's, Arizona.

20 mean 10.1 20.3 4.9 10.7 3.9 23.8 10.4 11.9 9.7 max 10.4 21.1 5.1 11.2 4.0 24.8 10.9 12.6 10.2 min 9.6 19.1 4.3 10.2 3.6 22.5 9.5 11.1 8.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Espanola, 5000 ft., New Mexico.

3 mean 9.8 19.8 4.7 10.5 3.7 23.4 9.9 11.5 9.5 max 10.0 20.1 4.8 10.6 3.8 23.7 10.3 11.6 9.7 min 9.7 19.5 4.5 10.3 3.6 22.9 9.6 11.4 9.4 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps minor_, 2 mi. W Fort Totten, 1400 ft., No. Dakota.

11 mean 9.9 20.5 4.5 10.6 3.7 23.7 10.5 11.8 9.6 max 10.1 20.8 4.8 10.8 3.8 24.2 10.7 12.1 9.9 min 9.7 20.0 4.4 10.4 3.6 23.4 10.2 11.4 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Near Bottineau, North Dakota.

4 mean 10.1 20.9 4.6 10.6 3.8 24.1 10.8 12.3 10.0 max 10.2 21.3 4.7 10.9 3.8 24.5 10.9 12.5 10.2 min 10.1 20.6 4.5 10.4 3.7 23.8 10.7 12.1 9.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Head Eagle Cr., Bear Paw Mt's, Montana.

7 mean 10.0 20.8 4.6 10.7 3.8 24.2 10.7 12.1 9.8 max 10.5 21.3 4.7 10.9 4.0 24.7 11.1 12.5 10.0 min 9.8 20.3 4.4 10.5 3.6 23.2 10.3 11.9 9.7 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ N Maple Cr., Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan.

10 mean 10.1 21.2 4.6 10.7 3.9 24.5 10.9 12.3 9.8 max 10.4 21.7 4.9 10.8 4.0 24.8 11.3 12.7 10.0 min 9.9 20.4 4.4 10.5 3.6 24.0 10.5 11.8 9.6 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ _Zapus princeps oregonus_, Parker Cr., Warner Mt's, 5500 ft., Cal.

12 mean 10.6 21.6 4.7 11.1 4.2 25.0 11.1 12.6 10.2 max 11.0 22.2 4.9 11.6 4.4 25.7 11.4 13.0 10.9 min 10.2 21.2 4.3 10.8 4.0 24.5 10.7 12.4 9.9 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Cobb Cr., 6 mi. SW Mt'n City, Nevada.

12 mean 10.7 21.6 5.0 11.2 4.1 25.0 11.2 12.6 10.0 max 11.1 22.1 5.2 11.4 4.3 25.7 11.8 13.0 10.3 min 10.5 21.0 4.6 10.7 3.8 24.4 10.9 12.2 9.5 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ Wisconsin Cr., 8000 ft., Nevada.

10 mean 10.6 21.6 4.9 11.2 4.0 24.8 11.1 12.4 9.5 max 10.8 22.2 5.0 11.5 4.2 25.2 11.4 12.8 9.6 min 10.3 21.2 4.6 10.8 3.9 24.1 10.6 12.2 9.3 +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------ North Fork Malheur River, 21 mi. SE Prairie City, 5000 ft., Ore.