The Gospels in the Second Century Part 3

_Exact._ | _Slightly | _Variant._ | _Remarks._ | Variant._ | | |+2. Is. 1.11-14. | |note for exactness.

| |2. Jer. 7.22,23. |} combination | | Zec. 8.17. |} from memory?

| | Ps. 51.19. |strange addition.

|3. Is. 58.4, 5. | | | Is. 58.6-10. | | | |4. Dan. 7.24 |}very | | Dan. 7.7, 8. |} divergent.

| | Ex. 34.28. |}combination | | Ex. 31.18. |} from memory?

|4. Deut. 9.12. | |see below.

| (Ex. 32.7). | | | +Is. 5.21. | | |+5. Is. 54.5,7. | |text of Cod. A.

| (omissions.)| | 5. Prov. 1.17. | | | Gen. 1.26+. | | | | |5. Zech. 13.7. |text of A. (Hilg.) | | | Matt. 26.3.

| | Ps. 22.21. |from memory?

|5. Ps. 119.120. | |paraphrastic | | Ps. 22.17. | combination | | | from memory?

| Is. 50. 6,7. | | | (omissions.) | |ditto.

| |6. Is. 50.8,9. |ditto.

|6. Is. 28.16. | |first clause | | | exact, second | | | variant; in N.T.

| | | quotations, | | | first variant, | | | second exact.

| Is. 50.7. | |note repet.i.tion, | | | nearer to LXX.

6. Ps. 118.22. | | |so Matt. 21.42; | | | 1 Pet. 11.7.

| | | 6. Ps. 22.17+ | |6. Ps. 118.24. |from memory?

(order). | | |note repet.i.tion, | | | nearer to LXX.

Ps. 118.12. | | | Ps. 22.19. | | | Is. 3.9, 10. | | | | | Ex. 33.1. |from memory?

| Gen. 1.26+. | |note repet.i.tion, Gen. 1.28. | | | further from LXX.

| | Ezek. 11.19; |paraphrastic.

| | 36.26. | | | Ps. 41.3. | | | Ps. 22.23. |different version?

| | Gen. 1.26, 28. |paraphrastic | | | fusion.

| |7. Lev. 23.29. |paraphrastic.

| | Lev. 16.7, sqq.|with apocryphal | | Lev. 16.7. sqq.| addition; cp.

| | | Just. and Tert.

|9. Ps. 18.44. | | 9. Is. 33.13+. | | | | |9. Jer. 4.4. | | | Jer. 7.2. | | | Ps. 34.13. | Is. 1.2. | | |but with additions.

| Is. 1.10+. | |from memory?

| | |[Greek: archontes | | | toutou] for [Gr.

| | | a. Zodomon.]

| | Is. 40.3. |addition.

| | Jer. 4.3 ,4. |}repet.i.tion, | | Jer. 7.26. |} nearer to LXX.

| | Jer. 9.26. | | | Gen. 17.26, 27;|inferred sense | | cf. 14.14. | merely, but | | | with marks of | | | quotation.

| |10. Lev. 11, |selected examples, | | Deut. 14. | but with | | | examples of | | | quotation.

| | Deut. 4.1. | 10. Ps. 1.1. | | | | | Lev. 11.3. | | |11. Jer. 2.12, 13.| | | +Is. 16.1, 2. |[Greek: Zina] for | | | [Greek: Zion].

|11. Is. 45. 2, 3.| |[Greek: gnosae] A.

| | | ([Greek: gnosin]

| | | Barn., but in | | | other points more | | | divergent.

|+Is. 33.16-18. | |omissions.

11. Ps. 1.3-6. | | |note for exactness.

| |11. Zeph. 3.19. |markedly diverse.

| | Ezek. 47.12. |ditto.

|12. Is. 65.2. | | | |12. Num. 21.9, |apparently a | | sqq. | quotation.

| | Deut. 27.15. |from memory?

| | Ex. 17.14. | 12. Ps. 110.1. | | | |12. Is. 45.1. | |[Greek: kurio] for | | | [Greek: kuro].

|13. Gen.25.21,23.| | | |13. Gen. 48.11-19.|very paraphrastic.

| | Gen. 15.6; |combination; cf.

| | 17.5. | Rom. 4.11.

| |14. Ex. 24.18. |note addition of | | |[Greek: naesteuon.]

| | Ex. 31.18. |note also for | | | additions.

|14. Deut. 9.12- | |repet.i.tion with | 17+. | | similar variation.

| (Ex. 32.7.) | |note reading of A.

14. Is. 42.6,7. | | |[Greek: | | |pepedaemenous] for | | |[Greek: dedemenous | | |(kai] om. A.).

| Is. 49.6,7. | | Is. 61. 1,2. | | |Luke. 4.18,19 | | | diverges.

| |15. Ex. 20.8; |paraphrastic, | | Deut. 5.12. | with addition.

| | Jer. 17.24,25.|very paraphrastic.

| | Gen. 2.2. | | | Ps. 90.4. |[Greek: saemeron]

| | | for [Greek: | | | exthes].

15. Is. 1.13. | | | |16. Is. 40.12. | |omissions.

| Is. 66.1. | | | |16. Is. 49.17. |completely | | | paraphrastic.

| | Dan. 9.24. |ditto.

| | 25, 27. |

The same remarks that were made upon Clement will hold also for Barnabas, except that he permits himself still greater licence. The marginal notes will have called attention to his eccentricities. He is carried away by slight resemblances of sound; e.g. he puts [Greek: himatia] for [Greek: iamata] [Endnote 34:1], [Greek: Zina] for [Greek: Zion], [Greek: Kurio] for [Greek: Kuro]. He not only omits clauses, but also adds to the text freely; e.g. in Ps. li. 19 he makes the strange insertion which is given in brackets, [Greek: Thusia to Theo kardia suntetrimmenae, [osmae euodias to kurio kardia doxasousa ton peplakota autaen]]. He has also added words and clauses in several other places.

There can be no question that he quotes largely from memory; several of his quotations are repeated more than once (Deu. ix. 12; Is. l. 7; Ps.

xxii. 17; Gen. i. 28; Jer. iv. 4); and of these only one, Deut. ix. 12, reappears in the same form. Often he gives only the sense of a pa.s.sage; sometimes he interprets, as in Is. i. 10, where he paraphrases [Greek: archontes Sodomon] by the simpler [Greek: archontes tou laou toutou]. He has curiously combined the sense of Gen. xvii. 26, 27 with Gen. xiv.

l4--in the pursuit of the four kings, it is said that Abraham armed his servants three hundred and eighteen men; Barnabas says that he circ.u.mcised his household, in all three hundred and eighteen men. In several cases a resemblance may be noticed between Barnabas and the text of Cod. A, but this does not appear consistently throughout.

It may be well to give a few examples of the extent to which Barnabas can carry his freedom of quotation. Instances from the Book of Daniel should perhaps not be given, as the text of that book is known to have been in a peculiarly corrupt and unsettled state; so much so that, when translation of Theodotion was made towards the end of the second century, it was adopted as the standard text. Barnabas also combines pa.s.sages, though not quite to such an extent or so elaborately as Clement, and he too inserts no mark of division. We will give an example of this, and at the same time of his paraphrastic method of quotation:--

_Barnabas_ c. ix.

[Greek: [kai ti legei;] Peritmaethaete to sklaeron taes kardias humon, kai ton trachaelon humon ou mae sklaerunaete.]

_Jer._ iv. 3, 4 _and_ vii. 26.

[Greek: Peritmaethaete to theo humon, kai peritemesthe taen sklaerokardian humon ... kai esklaerunan ton trachaelon auton...]

A similar case of paraphrase and combination, with nothing to mark the transition from one pa.s.sage to the other, would be in c.

xi, Jer. ii. 12, 13 and Is. xvi. 1, 2. For paraphrase we may take this, from the same chapter:--

_Barnabas_ c. xi.

[Greek: [kai palin heteros prophaetaes legei] Kai aen hae gae Iakob epainoumenae para pasan taen gaen.]

_Zeph_. iii. 19.

[Greek: kai thaesomai autous eis kauchaema kai onomastous en pasae tae gae.]

_Barnabas_ c. xv.

[Greek: [autous de moi marturei legon] Idou saemeron haemera estai hos chilia etae.]