A Complete Guide to Heraldry Part 12

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 106.--Fess indented.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 107.--Fess dancette.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 108.--Fess wavy.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 109.--Fess nebuly.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 110.--The arms of Plowden.]

The "fess embattled" is only crenellated upon the upper edge; but when both edges are embattled it is a fess embattled and counter-embattled. The term _bretesse_ (which is said to indicate that the battlements on the upper edge are opposite the battlements on the lower edge, and the indentations likewise corresponding) is a term and a distinction neither of which are regarded in British armory. {119}

A fess wreathed (Fig. 112) is a bearing which seems to be almost peculiar to the Carmichael family, but the arms of Waye of Devon are an additional example, being: Sable, two bars wreathed argent and gules. I know of no other ordinary borne in a wreathed form, but there seems no reason why this peculiarity should be confined to the fess.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 111.--Fess couped.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 112.--Fess wreathed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 113.--Two Bars.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 114.--Bars embattled.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 115.--Bars engrailed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 116.--Bars invecked.]

It is a fixed rule of British armory that there can be only _one_ fess upon a s.h.i.+eld. If two figures of this character are found they are termed _bars_ (Fig. 113). But it is hardly correct to speak of the bar as a diminutive of the fess, because if two bars only appear on the s.h.i.+eld there would be little, if any, diminution made from the width of the fess when depicting the bars. As is the case with other ordinaries, there is much lat.i.tude allowed to the artist in deciding the dimensions, it being usually permitted for these to be governed by the charges upon the fess or bars, and the charges between which these are placed.

Bars, like the fess, are of course equally subject to all the varying lines of part.i.tion (Figs. 114-118).

The diminutive of the bar is the barrulet, which is half its width and double the width of the cottise. But the barrulet will _almost invariably_ be found borne in _pairs_, when such a pair is usually known as a "bar gemel" and not as two barrulets. Thus a coat with four barrulets {120} would have these placed at equal distances from each other; but a coat with two bars gemel would be depicted with two of its barrulets placed closely together in chief and two placed closely together in base, the disposition being governed by the fact that the two barrulets comprising the "bar gemel" are only _one charge_. Fig. 119 shows three bars gemel. There is theoretically no limit to the number of bars or bars gemel which can be placed upon the s.h.i.+eld. In practical use, however, four will be found the maximum.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 117.--Bars raguly.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 118.--Bars dovetailed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 119.--Bars gemel.]

A field composed of four, six, eight, or ten horizontal pieces of equal width is "barry of such and such a number of pieces," the number being always specified (Figs. 55 and 56). A field composed of an equal number of horizontally shaped pieces, when these exceed ten in number, is termed "barruly" of such and such a number. The term barruly is also sometimes used for ten pieces. If the number is omitted "barry" will usually be of six pieces, though sometimes of eight. On the other hand a field composed of five, seven, or nine pieces is not barry, but (_e.g._) two bars, three bars, and four bars respectively. This distinction in modern coats needs to be carefully noted, but in ancient coats it is not of equal importance.

Anciently also a s.h.i.+eld "barry" was drawn of a greater number of pieces (see Figs. 120, 121 and 122) than would nowadays be employed. In modern armory a field so depicted would more correctly be termed "barruly."

Whilst a field can be and often is barry of two colours or two metals, an uneven number of pieces must of necessity be of metal and colour or fur.

Consequently in a s.h.i.+eld _e.g._ divided into seven equal horizontal divisions, alternately gules and sable, there must be a mistake somewhere.

Although these distinctions require to be carefully noted as regards modern arms, it should be remembered that they are distinctions evolved by the intricacies and requirements of modern armory, and ancient arms were not so trammelled. {121}

A field divided horizontally into three equal divisions of _e.g._ gules, sable, and argent is theoretically blazoned by British rules "party per fess gules and argent, a fess sable." This, however, gives an exaggerated width to the fess which it does not really possess with us, and the German rules, which would blazon it "tierced per fess gules, sable, and argent,"

would seem preferable.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 120.--Arms of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke (d.

1296); Barruly azure and argent, a label of five points gules, the files depending from the chief line of the s.h.i.+eld, and each file charged with three lions pa.s.sant guardant or. (From MS. Reg. 14, C. vii.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 121.--Arms of Laurence de Hastings, Earl of Pembroke (d. 1348); Quarterly, 1 and 4, or, a maunch gules (for Hastings); 2 and 3, barruly argent and azure, an orle of martlets (for Valence). (From his seal.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 122.--Arms of Edmund Grey, Earl of Kent (d. 1489): Quarterly, 1 and 4, barry of six, argent and azure, in chief three torteaux (for Grey); 2 and 3, Hastings and Valence sub-quarterly. (From his seal, 1442.)]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 123.--Barry, per chevron counter-changed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 124.--Barry-bendy.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 125.--Paly-bendy.]

A field which is barry may also be counterchanged, as in the arms of Ballingall, where it is counterchanged per pale; but it can also be counterchanged per chevron (Fig. 123), or per bend dexter or sinister. Such counterchanging should be carefully distinguished from fields which are "barry-bendy" (Fig. 124), or "paly-bendy" (Fig. 125). In these latter cases the field is divided first by lines horizontal (for barry) or perpendicular (for paly), and subsequently by lines bendy (dexter or sinister). {122}

The result produced is very similar to "lozengy" (Fig. 126), and care should be taken to distinguish the two.

Barry-bendy is sometimes blazoned "fusilly in bend," whilst paly-bendy is sometimes blazoned "fusilly in bend sinister," but the other terms are the more accurate and acceptable.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 126.--Lozengy.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 127.--Chevron.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 128.--Chevron engrailed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 129.--Chevron invecked.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 130.--Chevron embattled.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 131.--Chevron embattled and counter-embattled.]

"Lozengy" is made by use of lines in bend crossed by lines in bend sinister (Fig. 126), and "fusilly" the same, only drawn at a more acute angle.

THE CHEVRON

Probably the ordinary of most frequent occurrence in British, as also in French armory, is the chevron (Fig. 127). It is comparatively rare in German heraldry. The term is derived from the French word _chevron_, meaning a rafter, and the heraldic chevron is the same shape as a gable rafter. In early examples of heraldic art the chevron will be found depicted reaching very nearly to the top of the s.h.i.+eld, the angle contained within the chevron being necessarily more acute. The chevron then attained very much more nearly to its full area of one-third of the field than is now given to it. As the chevron became accompanied by charges, it was naturally drawn so that it would allow of these charges being more easily represented, and its height became {123} less whilst the angle it enclosed was increased. But now, as then, it is perfectly at the pleasure of the artist to design his chevron at the height and angle which will best allow the proper representation of the charges which accompany it.

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 132.--Chevron indented.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 133.--Chevron wavy.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 134.--Chevron nebuly.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 135.--Chevron raguly.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 136.--Chevron dovetailed.]

[Ill.u.s.tration: FIG. 137.--Chevron doubly cottised.]

The chevron, of course, is subject to the usual lines of part.i.tion (Figs.

128-136), and can be cottised and doubly cottised (Fig. 137).