The First Four Notes: Beethoven's Fifth and the Human Imagination Part 10

28. Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Blithedale Romance and Fanshawe (Ohio State University Press, 1964), pp. 165, 162.

29. John Sullivan Dwight, "The Sentiment of Various Musical Composers," Sartain's Union Magazine of Literature and Art VIII, no. 2 (Feb., 1851): 133.

30. Rev. Darius Mead, "Part of a Speech on 'Divine Electricity,' " in Mead, ed., The American Literary Emporium or Friends.h.i.+p's Gift (New York: C. H. Camp, 1848), p. 15.

31. John Sullivan Dwight, "The Sentiment of Various Musical Composers," p. 133.

32. Ibid.

33. George Ripley and Charles A. Dana, eds., The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1861), vol. 3, p. 71.

34. See John Sullivan Dwight, "Musical Review: Music in Boston During the Last Winter.-No. III," The Harbinger 1, no. 10 (Aug. 16, 1845): 15457, and his "Beethoven's Symphony in C Minor," Dwight's Journal of Music IV (Oct. 8, 1853): 13.

35. Dwight, "Valedictory," Dwight's Journal of Music XLI (Sept. 3, 1881): 123.

36. Dwight, "What Lack We Yet?" Dwight's Journal of Music XL (Sept. 11, 1880): 150.

37. George P. Upton, ed., Theodore Thomas: A Musical Autobiography, vol. 1 (Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1905), p. 310.

38. Henry David Th.o.r.eau, "Walking," in Civil Disobedience and Other Essays (New York: Dover Publications, 1993), p. 49.

39. Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself," in Leaves of Gra.s.s (New York: Modern Library, 1921), p. 67.

40. Quoted in Herbert Bergman, "Whitman on Beethoven and Music," Modern Language Notes 66, no. 8 (Dec. 1951): 557.

41. Allan Sutherland, Famous Hymns of the World: Their Origin and Their Romance (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1906), p. 22.

42. Stearns, Sketches from Concord and Appledore (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1895), p. 187. See also Louis Ruchames, "Wendell Phillips' Lovejoy Address," The New England Quarterly 47, no. 1 (March 1974): 10817.

43. In a memo, Ives considered including the study in a set of pieces, with the reminder "Wendell Philips [sic]-Faneuil Hall." See James B. Sinclair, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Music of Charles Ives (Yale University Press, 1999), p. 613. Ives also apparently began to orchestrate the study for his Three Places in New England: "There was another movement started but never completed, about the Wendell Phillips row and the mob in Faneuil Hall." Ives, Charles E. Ives: Memos, John Kirkpatrick, ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991), p. 87.

44. Vivian Perlis, Charles Ives Remembered: An Oral History (Yale University Press, 1974), p. 16.

45. Charles Ives, "Some 'Quarter-Tone' Impressions," in Essays Before a Sonata, The Majority, and Other Writings, Howard Boatwright, ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1970), p. 111.

46. Ives, Charles E. Ives: Memos, p. 132.

47. Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Compensation," in The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, vol. 2, p. 102.

48. Ives, "The Amount to Carry-Measuring the Prospect," in Essays Before a Sonata, pp. 240, 236.

49. Emerson, "Compensation," in The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, vol. 2, p. 101.

50. Robert M. Crunden, Ministers of Reform: The Progressives' Achievement in American Civilization, 18891920 (University of Illinois Press, 1984), p. 124.

51. Charles Ives, "Concerning a Twentieth Amendment," in Essays Before a Sonata, pp. 20607. ("Williams Curtis" in original.) 52. Ives, Essays Before a Sonata, p. 40.

53. Compare the left hand in measure 3- -with the left hand in measures 67: 54. Ives, Essays Before a Sonata, p. 47. (Beth Alcott, who, like her Little Women counterpart, died young, was also the only Alcott daughter to share a name with her fictional characterization.) 55. Ibid., p. 45.

56. A. F. Winnemore, "Stop Dat Knocking at De Door" (Boston: Geo. F. Reed, 1847). As Ives quotes it: 57. Ives, Essays Before a Sonata, pp. 4748.

58. Perlis, Charles Ives Remembered, p. 161.

59. Steven C. Smith, A Heart at Fire's Center: The Life and Music of Bernard Herrmann (University of California Press, 1991), p. 180.

60. Charles E. Ives: Memos, p. 44.

61. Thomas Clarke Owens, Selected Correspondence of Charles Ives (University of California Press, 2007), p. 126.

62. Harmony Ives to Nicolas Slonimsky, July 6, 1936, in Owens, Selected Correspondence of Charles Ives, p. 128.

63. Ives, Essays Before a Sonata, p. 73.

64. J. Peter Burkholder, "Ives and the Four Musical Traditions," in Charles Ives and His World (Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 5.

65. Th.o.r.eau, The Journal of Henry D. Th.o.r.eau (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1906), vol. 2, p. 492 (Nov. 9, 1853).

66. Ibid., p. 379 (Aug. 6, 1851).

67. Th.o.r.eau, Walden, vol. 2, p. 421.

68. Ives, Essays Before a Sonata, p. 51.

69. Ibid., p. 58.

70. Philip Corner, "Th.o.r.eau, Charles Ives, and Contemporary Music," in Walter Harding et al., eds., Henry David Th.o.r.eau: Studies and Commentaries (Fairleigh d.i.c.kinson University Press, 1972), p. 68.

71. Ibid., p. 54.

72. James B. Sinclair, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Music of Charles Ives (Yale University Press, 1999), p. 197.

CHAPTER 5. Secret Remedies.

1. Alan Walker, Hans von Bulow: A Life and Times (Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 267.

2. Walter E. Houghton, The Victorian Frame of Mind, 18301870 (Yale University Press, 1957), pp. 12.

3. Rev. John Blakely, The Theology of Inventions, or, Manifestations of Deity in the Works of Art (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1856), pp. 13839, 141.

4. Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, 1851. Official Descriptive and Ill.u.s.trated Catalogue, vol. 4 (London: Spicer Brothers, Wholesale Stationers; W. Clowes and Sons, Printers, 1851), p. 1067.

5. Ibid., pp. 1053, 1047, 1054.

6. Charles L. Graves, The Life & Letters of George Grove, C.B. (London: Macmillan and Co., 1903), p. 9.

7. Ibid., p. 10.

8. Ibid., p. 28.

9. See Henry Saxe Wyndham, August Manns and the Sat.u.r.day Concerts: A Memoir and a Retrospect (London: Walter Scott Publis.h.i.+ng Co., Ltd., 1909), pp. 2132.

10. Manns had been singled out as a bandmaster by Albrecht von Roon, later the Prussian Minister of War during Bismarck's tenure, but soured on army life after a junior officer opined that the b.u.t.tons on his band's uniforms were insufficiently polished. See Saxe Wyndham, August Manns and the Sat.u.r.day Concerts, pp. 1415.

11. Complete lists of Prince Albert's programs for both the Antient Concerts and the Philharmonic Society are in Theodore Martin, The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1875), pp. 494501.

12. Adam Ca.r.s.e, The Life of Jullien (Cambridge: Heffer, 1951), p. 65.

13. See "Jullien, Louis Antoine," in George Grove, ed., A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, vol. 2 (London: Macmillan & Co., 1880), p. 45.

14. Jan Piggott, Palace of the People: The Crystal Palace at Sydenham, 18541936 (University of Wisconsin Press, 2004), p. 74.

15. Ibid., p. 47.

16. Ibid., p. 75.

17. The Crystal Palace Penny Guide (Sydenham: Crystal Palace Printing Office, 1863), p. 17.

18. "Delta," "Home Correspondence: The Royal Commission and the Surplus," The Journal of the Society of Arts, vol. 2 (London: George Bell, 1854), p. 343.

19. Hugh Reginald Haweis, Music and Morals (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1872), p. 419.

20. Hugh Reginald Haweis, Travel and Talk: 18859395, vol. 2 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1897), p. 244.

21. George Grove, Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies (London and New York: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1896), p. 137.

22. Michael Musgrave, The Musical Life of the Crystal Palace (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 84, 120.

23. Cyril Erlich, First Philharmonic: A History of the Royal Philharmonic Society (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 44; Peter Gay, Pleasure Wars: The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998), p. 81.

24. A Short History of Cheap Music as Exemplified in the Record of the House of Novello, Ewer & Co., with Especial Reference to the First Fifty Years of the Reign of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria with Three Portraits and a Preface by Sir George Grove, D.C.L., &c. (London and New York: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1887), pp. vivii.

25. Grove, Beethoven and His Nine Symphonies, p. 139.

26. Charles Kingsley, Yeast: A Problem (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1851), pp. iiiiv.

27. [Frances] Kingsley, Charles Kingsley: His Letters and Memories of His Life, vol. 2 (London: Henry S. King & Co., 1877), pp. 399400.

28. "Our Representative Man," Punch, Sept. 14, 1878, p. 117.

29. Graves, The Life & Letters of George Grove, pp. 399401.

30. Thomas Richards, The Commodity Culture of Victorian England (Stanford University Press, 1990), p. 33.

31. Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle, Ken Knabb, trans., http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/debord/, p. 1.

32. Ibid., p. 5.

33. Explaining the Situationist concept of detournement, a kind of cultural hijacking, Debord and Gil Wolman offered as an example that "it wouldn't be a bad idea to make a final correction to the t.i.tle of the 'Eroica Symphony' by changing it, for example, to 'Lenin Symphony.' " See Debord and Wolman, "A User's Guide to Detournement," Ken Knabb, trans., http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/detourn.htm. (Originally in Les Levres Nues, May 1956.) 34. Debord, The Society of the Spectacle, p. 10.

35. Ibid., p. 15.

36. Ibid., p. 16.

37. G. W. F. Hegel, The Difference Between Fichte's and Sch.e.l.ling's System of Philosophy, Walter Cerf and H. S. Harris, trans. (Albany: SUNY Press, 1977), p. 92.

38. Debord, The Society of the Spectacle, p. 57.

39. Howard Brenton, "Petrol Bombs Through the Proscenium Arch," interview by Catherine Itzen and Simon Trussler, Theatre Quarterly 5, no. 17 (MarchMay 1975): 20.

40. Tim Clark, Christopher Gray, Charles Radcliffe, and Donald Nicholson-Smith, "The Revolution of Modern Art and the Modern Art of Revolution," unpublished pamphlet, 1967, http://www.notbored.org/english.html. Authors Clark, Gray, and Nicholson-Smith were formally excluded from the Situationist International in 1969 (Charles Radcliffe had earlier resigned), exclusion having become a main activity of the SI post-1968. See "The Latest Exclusions," Internationale Situationniste #12 (Paris: Sept. 1969), Ken Knabb, trans., http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/12.exclusions.htm.

41. Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life, Donald Nicholson-Smith, trans. (Welcombe: Rebel Press, 2001), p. 44.

42. See Dierdre David, f.a.n.n.y Kemble: A Performed Life (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), pp. 2027. Kemble's Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 18381839 became an abolitionist best-seller upon its publication in 1863.

43. f.a.n.n.y Kemble, A Year of Consolation, vol. 2 (New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1847), pp. 8788.

44. Edward Bulwer-Lytton, England and the English (Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1836), p. 14.

45. Graves, The Life & Letters of George Grove, p. 337.

46. Roy Jenkins, Gladstone (New York: Random House, 1997), p. 191.

47. The exhortation has been widely attributed; Jowett's claim comes courtesy of a eulogy in the Oxford Chronicle, October 7, 1893, quoted in Cecil Day Lewis and Charles Fenby, Anatomy of Oxford (London: Jonathan Cape, 1938), p. 139.

48. Robert Bulwer-Lytton, "Beethoven," The Fortnightly Review XII, no. LXVII (July 1, 1872): 32.

49. Karl Marx, Capital, Samuel Moore and Edward Aveling, trans.; Frederick Engels, ed., vol. 1 (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1909), pp. 8183.

50. See Stuart Anderson and Peter Homan, " 'Best for me, best for you'-a history of Beecham's Pills 18421998," The Pharmaceutical Journal 269 (Dec. 21/28, 2002).

51. Etienne Van de Walle and Elisha P. Renne, Regulating Menstruation: Beliefs, Practices, Interpretations (University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 99.

52. "The Parliamentary Committee on Proprietary Remedies. Evidence Regarding Beecham's Pills," The British Medical Journal 1, no. 2718 (Feb. 1, 1913): 234. At the same hearing, Sir Joseph was asked whether his father had known of any medical value in Beecham's Pills before he started selling them: [T]he witness said he did not know whether his father was the discoverer of the therapeutic value of the drugs used in Beecham's pills; it was a case of the discovery of an excellent combination.

Mr. Lawson: He discovered the money value. (Laughter.) 53. Neville Cardus, Sir Thomas Beecham: A Memoir (London: Collins, 1961), p. 12.

54. Sir Thomas Beecham, A Mingled Chime (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1943), pp. 5152.

55. James C. Whorton, Inner Hygiene: Constipation and the Pursuit of Health in Modern Society (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 51.