Robert's Rules of Order Part 3

[-- 7] motion applied to it. It shall require a two-thirds vote for its adoption.

When a member calls for the previous question, and the call is seconded, the presiding officer must immediately put the question: "Shall the main question be now put?" If adopted, the member who introduced the pending measure still has the right to close the debate [-- 34]; after which the presiding officer, without allowing further discussion, shall put to vote the questions before the a.s.sembly, in their order of precedence, till the main question, with all its subsidiary and incidental questions, is disposed of (see the exceptions below). If it fails, the discussion continues as if this motion had not been made.

The previous question can be moved on a pending amendment, and if adopted, debate is closed on the amendment only. After the amendment is voted on, the main question is again open to debate and amendments. [In this case the form of the question would be similar to this : "Shall the amendment be now put to the question?"]

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The Object of this motion is to bring the a.s.sembly to a vote on the question before it without further debate. In ordinary a.s.semblies it is rarely expedient to deprive a large minority of the right of debate, and yet two-thirds of the members should have the right to close the debate when they think it best.

It applies to questions of privilege [-- 12] as well as any other debatable questions. It is allowable for a member to submit a resolution and at the same time move the previous question thereon.

To ill.u.s.trate the Effect of this motion, suppose it is adopted when we have before the a.s.sembly, (a) the main question; (b) an amendment; (c) a motion to commit; (d) a motion to amend the last motion by giving the committee instructions. The previous question being carried, the presiding officer would immediately put the question on the last motion (d); then on the motion to commit, (c); and if this is adopted, of course the subject is referred to the committee and disposed of for the present; but if it fails, the amendment (b) is put, and finally the main question.

Exceptions: If the Previous Question is

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carried while a motion to Postpone is pending, its effect is only to bring the a.s.sembly to a vote on that motion; if it is voted not to postpone, the subject is again open for debate. So if an Appeal [-- 14]

or a motion to Reconsider [-- 27] is pending when the Previous Question is ordered, it applies only to them and is exhausted by the vote on them.

An affirmative vote on the motion to Commit [-- 22] exhausts the Previous Question, and if the vote is reconsidered, it is divested of the Previous Question.

[For other methods of closing debate see -- 37 and -- 58].

21. To Postpone to a Certain Day. This motion takes precedence of a motion to Commit, or Amend, or Indefinitely Postpone, and yields to any Privileged [-- 9] or Incidental [-- 8] question, and to the motion to Lie on the Table, or for the Previous Question. It can be amended by altering the time, and the Previous Question can be applied to it without affecting any other motions pending. It allows of very limited debate [-- 35], and that must not go into the merits of the subject matter any further than is necessary to enable the

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a.s.sembly to judge the propriety of the postponement.

The Effect of this motion is to postpone the entire subject to the time specified, until which time it cannot be taken up except by a two-thirds vote [-- 13]. When that time arrives it is ent.i.tled to be taken up in preference to every thing except Privileged questions. Where several questions are postponed to different times and are not reached then, they shall be considered in the order of the times to which they were postponed. It is not in order to postpone to a time beyond that session [-- 42] of the a.s.sembly, except* [In Congress a motion cannot be postponed to the next session, but it is customary in ordinary societies.] to the day of the next session when it comes up with the unfinished business, and consequently takes precedence of new business [-- 44]. If it is desired to hold an adjourned meeting to consider a special subject, the time to which the a.s.sembly shall adjourn [-- 10]

should be first fixed before making the motion to postpone the subject to that day.

22. To Commit [or Recommit as it is called when the subject has been previously committed]. This motion takes precedence of the motions to Amend or Indefinitely Postpone, and yields to any Privileged [-- 9] or Incidental

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[-- 8] Question, and also to the motion to Lie on the Table, or for the Previous Question, or to Postpone to a certain day. It can be amended by altering the committee, or giving it instructions. It is debatable, and opens to debate [-- 35] the merits of the question it is proposed to commit.

The Form of this motion is "to refer the subject to a committee." When different committees are proposed they should he voted in the following order: (1) Committee the whole [-- 32], (2) a standing committee, and (3) a special (or select) committee. The number of a committee is usually decided without the formality of a motion, as in filling blanks [-- 25]: the Chairman asks "of how many shall the committee consist?"

and a question is then put upon each number suggested, beginning with the largest. The number and kind of the committee need not be decided till after it has been voted to refer the subject to a committee. If the committee is a select one, and the motion does not include the method of appointing it, and there is no standing rule on the subject, the Chairman inquires how the committee shall be appointed, and this is usually decided informally. Sometimes the Chair "appoints," in which case he names the members of the committee and no vote is taken

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upon them; or the committee is "nominated" either by the Chair or members of the a.s.sembly (no member nominating more than one except by general consent), and then they are all voted upon together, except where more nominations are made than the number of the committee, when they shall be voted upon singly.

Where a committee is one for action (a committee of arrangements for holding a public meeting, for example), it should generally be small, and no one placed upon it who is not favorable to the proposed action; and if any such should be appointed he should ask to be excused. But when the committee is for deliberation or investigation, it is of the utmost importance that all parties be represented on it, so that in committee the fullest discussion may take place, and thus diminish the chances of unpleasant debates in the a.s.sembly.

In ordinary a.s.semblies, by judicious appointment of committees, debates upon delicate and troublesome questions can be mostly confined to the committees, which will contain the representative members of all parties. [See Reports of Committees, -- 29.]

23. To Amend. This motion takes precedence of nothing but the question which it proposed to amend, and yields to any Privileged

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[-- 9], Incidental [-- 8] or Subsidiary [-- 7] Question, except to Indefinitely Postpone. It can be amended itself, but this "amendment of an amendment" cannot be amended. An Amendment may be inconsistent with one already adopted, or may directly conflict with the spirit of the original motion, but it must have a direct bearing upon the subject of that motion. To ill.u.s.trate: a motion for a vote of thanks could be amended by subst.i.tuting for "thanks" the word "censure;" or one condemning certain customs could be amended by adding other customs.

An Amendment may be in any of the following forms: (a) to "add or insert" certain words or paragraphs; (b) to "strike out" certain words or paragraphs, the question, however, being stated by the Chair thus: "Shall these words (or paragraphs) stand as a part of the resolution?"

and if this is adopted (that is, the motion to "strike out," fails) it does not preclude either amendment or a motion to "strike out and insert;" (c) "to strike certain words and insert others," which motion is indivisible, and if lost does not preclude

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another motion to strike out the same words and insert different ones; (d) to "subst.i.tute" another motion on the same subject for the one pending; (e) to "divide the question" into two or more questions, as the mover specifies, so as to get a separate vote on any particular point or points [see -- 4].

If a paragraph is inserted it should be perfected by its friends previous to voting on it, as when once inserted it cannot be struck out or amended except by adding to it. The same is true in regard to words to be inserted in a resolution, as when once inserted they cannot be struck out, except by a motion to strike out the paragraph, or such a portion of it as shall make the question an entirely different one from that of inserting the particular words. The principle involved is that when the a.s.sembly has voted that certain words shall form a part of a resolution, it is not in order to make another motion which involves exactly the same question as the one they have decided. The only way to bring it up again is to move a Reconsideration [-- 27] of the vote by which the words were inserted.

In stating the question on an Amendment the Chairman should read (1) the pa.s.sage to be amended; (2) the words to be struck out, if any; (3) the words to be inserted, if any; and (4) the whole pa.s.sage as it will stand if

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the amendment is adopted. [For amending reports of committees, and propositions containing several paragraphs, see -- 44.]

The numbers prefixed to paragraphs are only marginal indications, and should be corrected, if necessary, by the clerk, without any motion to amend.

The following motions cannot be amended:

To Adjourn (when unqualified) ............................ See -- 11.

For the Orders of the Day ................................ " -- 12.

All Incidental Questions ................................. " -- 8.

To Lie on the Table ...................................... " -- 19.

For the Previous Question ................................ " -- 20.

An Amendment of an Amendment ............................. " -- 23.

To Postpone Indefinitely ................................. " -- 24.

Reconsider ............................................... " -- 27.

An Amendment to Rules of Order, By-Laws or a Const.i.tution shall require previous notice and a two-thirds vote for its adoption [see -- 45].

24. To Postpone Indefinitely. This motion takes precedence of nothing except the Princ.i.p.al Question [-- 6], and yields to any Privileged [-- 9], Incidental [-- 8] or Subsidiary [-- 7] Motion, except to Amend. It cannot be amended; it opens to debate the entire question which it is proposed to postpone. Its effect is to entirely remove the question from before the a.s.sembly for that session [-- 42].

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The Previous Question [-- 20], if ordered when this motion is pending, applies only to it without affecting the main question.

Miscellaneous Motions.

[---- 25-27.]

25. Filling Blanks. In filling blanks the largest sum and the longest time proposed shall be first put to the question. Sometimes the most convenient way of amending a resolution is to create a blank by moving to strike out a certain number or time. It is customary for any number of members to propose numbers to fill a blank without the formality of a motion, these different propositions not being regarded in the light of amendments.

Nominations are treated in a similar manner, so that the second nomination, instead of being an amendment to the first, is an independent motion, which, if the first fails, is to be immediately voted upon. Any number of nominations can be made, the Chairman announcing each name as he hears it, and they