Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 31

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Elaterinum (Elaterin.), Elaterin, U.S.P.=--A neutral principle obtained from the squirting cuc.u.mber. The commercial product is variable and may at times be practically inert.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly acrid, bitter taste.

Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).

ACTION AND USES: One of the most powerful and irritant of hydragogue cathartics, causing profuse watery evacuations.

DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain.

_Trituratio Elaterini (Trit. Elaterin.), Trituration of Elaterin, U.S.P._--Elaterin (10%).

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

=ELIXIRIA, ELIXIRS.=--Elixirs are sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic liquids similar to cordials. In the administration of an elixir, the effects due to its alcohol content should be borne in mind. The statements of alcohol content of elixirs in this volume refer to percentage of absolute alcohol by volume.

For the various elixirs, see under the names of the princ.i.p.al const.i.tuents. For Elixir Aromatic.u.m, Elixir Aromatic.u.m Rubrum and Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elixir Adjuvans), see under =Alcohol=; for Elixir Cathartic.u.m Compositum, see under =Frangula=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum, see under =Quininae Sulphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri, see under =Ferri Phosphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bis.m.u.thi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae, see under =Strychninae Sulphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bis.m.u.thi, see under =Bis.m.u.thi et Sodii Tartras=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, see under =Calcii Lactophosphas=; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini, see under =Pepsinum=; for Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae, and Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, see under =Ferri Citro-Chloridum=; for Elixir Formatum and Elixir Formatum Compositum, see under =Acidum Formic.u.m=; for Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, see under =Ferri Phosphas=; for Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum, see under =Sodii Glycerophosphas=; for Elixir Hypophosphitum, see under =Calcii Hypophosphis=; for Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri, see under =Ferri Hypophosphis=; for Elixir Pepsini, Bis.m.u.thi et Strychninae, see under =Strychnina=; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, see under =Codeina=; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, see under =Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum=; for Elixir Trium Bromidorum, see under =Ammonii Bromidum=.

=*Emetinae Hydrochloridum (Emet. Hydrochl.), Emetine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.=--The hydrochloride of the alkaloid emetine, obtained from ipecac.

White, or nearly white, odorless powder, darkening on exposure to light. Freely soluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Given hypodermically. An effective treatment of amebic dysentery and other amebic diseases.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain.

=EMPLASTRA, PLASTERS.=--Plasters are solid preparations for external use, serving either as simple adhesives or for the conveyance of drugs.

The commercial spread plasters have largely displaced the extemporaneously prepared product. For the various plasters see under the names of the princ.i.p.al const.i.tuents. For Emplastrum Elastic.u.m, see under =Resina=; for Emplastrum Fusc.u.m Camphoratum, see under =Camphora=; for Emplastrum Plumbi, see under =Plumbi Oxidum=.

=EMULSA, EMULSIONES, EMULSIONS.=--Emulsions are aqueous preparations in which oils or resins are suspended by means of mucilaginous substances.

For the official emulsions see under the names of the respective oils and resins.

=*Ergota (Ergot.), Ergot, U.S.P.= (Secale Cornutum, P.I., Ergot of Rye, Spurred Rye).--

ACTION AND USES: Causes powerful tonic, sometimes tetanic contraction of the uterus and of the bloodvessel walls. Checks postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. Used for excessive menstrual flow and as a circulatory stimulant. Has also been tried but without success in a great variety of other diseases.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Ergotae (Ext. Ergot.), Extract of Ergot, U.S.P._--A pilular extract of ergot. Probably does not contain some of the valuable const.i.tuents of ergot (the alkaloids).

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Ergotae Aquosum (Ext. Ergot. Aq.), Aqueous Extract of Ergot, N.F._ (Ergoti Extractum P.I.).--A purified aqueous extract.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

_*Fluidextractum Ergotae (Fldext. Ergot.), Fluidextract of Ergot, U.S.P._ (Secalis Cornuti Extractum Fluidum, P.I.).--Ergot (100%).

Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Ergotae Ammoniata (Tr. Ergot. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Ergot, N.F._--Ergot (25%), ammonia water (10%) in alcohol and water.

Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Eriodictyon (Eriodict.), Eriodictyon, U.S.P.= (Yerba Santa).--Yerba santa leaves.

ACTION AND USES: Said to be expectorant. Its most remarkable property is its power of masking the taste of quinine.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

_Elixir Eriodictyi Aromatic.u.m (Elix. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Eriodictyon, N.F._ (Aromatic Elixir of Yerba Santa, Elixir Corrigens).--Fluidextract of eriodictyon (6%), compound elixir of taraxac.u.m (about 44%) and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Eriodictyi (Fldext. Eriodict.), Fluidextract of Eriodictyon, U.S.P._--Eriodictyon (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus (Syr. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon, N.F._ (Aromatic Syrup of Yerba Santa, Syrupus Corrigens).--Fluidextract of eriodictyon, solution of pota.s.sium hydroxide, compound tincture of cardamom, oils of sa.s.safras, lemon and clove, alcohol and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=*Eucalyptol (Eucalyptol), Eucalyptol, U.S.P.= (Cineol).--A const.i.tuent of the volatile oil of eucalyptus.

A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a pungent taste, producing a cooling sensation in the mouth. Very slightly soluble in water but miscible with alcohol and chloroform and fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Employed as a local stimulant, antiseptic and deodorant, largely as a const.i.tuent of inhalations, particularly oily sprays.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

_Nebula Eucalyptolis (Nebul. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Spray, N.F._--Eucalyptol (5%) in light liquid petrolatum.

_Petroxolinum Eucalyptolis (Petrox. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Eucalyptol Petrox).--Eucalyptol (20%) in liquid petrolatum.

=*Eucalyptus (Eucalypt.), Eucalyptus, U.S.P.= (Eucalyptus Leaves, Blue Gum Leaves).