Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary Part 63

ACTION AND USES: In rickets for stimulation of bone formation. Its use as "nerve-food" is irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be administered in pills or as phosphorated oil (1:100). The preparations are unreliable unless they have been recently made, since phosphorus rapidly loses its efficiency through oxidation.

_Elixir Phosphori (Elix. Phosphor.), Elixir of Phosphorus, N.F._--Phosphorus (0.025%) and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water flavored with compound spirit of orange and oil of anise. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent. Deteriorates rapidly.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Phosphori et Nucis Vomicae (Elix. Phosphor. et Nuc. Vom.), Elixir of Phosphorus and Nux Vomica, N.F._--Tincture of nux vomica (3.5%) and elixir of phosphorus. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent.

USES: An irrational "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Phosphori (Liq. Phosphor.), Solution of Phosphorus, N.F._ (Thompson's Solution of Phosphorus).--Phosphorus (0.07%) in glycerin and dehydrated alcohol flavored with spirit of peppermint. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

_Oleum Phosphoratum (Ol. Phosphorat.), Phosphorated Oil, N.F._--Phosphorus (1%), dissolved in ether and added to expressed oil of almond.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

_Pilulae Phosphori (Pil. Phosphor.), Pills of Phosphorus, U.S.P._--Each pill should contain phosphorus (0.6 mg. or 1/100 grain) coated with tolu.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

=Physostigma (Physostig.), Physostigma, U.S.P.= (Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean).--Yields not less than 0.15 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly physostigmine).

ACTION AND USES: Ant.i.tetanic, antineuralgic, peristaltic.

See =Physostigminae Salicylas=, which has the same actions and deserves preference because of its uniform composition.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.). Not used as such.

_Extractum Physostigmatis (Ext. Physostig.), Extract of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Physostigma).--One Gm. extract represents about 13 Gm. of physostigma. Yields about 2 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Physostigmatis (Tr. Physostig.), Tincture of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Calabar Bean).--Physostigma (10%), yielding about 0.015 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Physostigminae Salicylas (Physostig. Salicyl.), Physostigmine Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Eserine Salicylate).

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless crystals. Soluble in water (1:75) and in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Stimulant of parasympathetic nerve endings. Used especially as a powerful miotic, particularly in glaucoma, sometimes internally against ileus or intestinal paresis.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.).

Externally, solutions (should be freshly prepared) from 0.1 to 1 per cent.

=Phytolacca (Phytolac.), Phytolacca, N.F.= (Poke Root).

ACTION AND USES: Unreliable irritant, emetic, cathartic and "alterative."

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Phytolaccae (Fldext. Phytolac.), Fluidextract of Phytolacca, N.F._--Phytolacca (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

=*Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum (Pilocarpin. Hydrochl.), Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Pilocarpine Chloride).

Colorless, odorless crystals with a faintly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Used especially to increase sweat and other secretions, also as miotic. Must be used with caution when the circulation is weak.

DOSAGE: By mouth 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Best administered by hypodermic injection.

=*Pilocarpinae Nitras (Pilocarpin. Nit.), Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P.=

s.h.i.+ning, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and soluble in alcohol (1:75).

ACTION AND USES: Has no advantage over pilocarpine hydrochloride.

DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

=Pilocarpus (Pilocarp.), Pilocarpus, U.S.P.= (Jaborandi).--Leaves, yielding 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly pilocarpine).

ACTION AND USES: See Pilocarpine.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

_Fluidextractum Pilocarpi (Fldext. Pilocarp.), Fluidextract of Pilocarpus, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Jaborandi).--Pilocarpus (100%), yielding about 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=PILULAE, PILLS.=--Pills are dosage forms of medicinal substances intended for administration by the mouth. For the official pills see under the names of the princ.i.p.al ingredients. For Pilulae ad Prandium see under =Aloe=; for Pilulae Antidyspepticae, under =Strychnina=; for Pilulae Antimonii Compositae, under =Antimonium Sulphuratum=; for Pilulae Antiperiodicae and Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe, under =Quininae Sulphas=; for Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles and Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum, under =Colocynthis=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae, under =Ferri Sulphas=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae Strychninae et a.r.s.eni Fortiores and Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et a.r.s.eni Mites, under =Ferri Reductum=; for Pilulae Laxativae Compositae, under =Aloinum=.

=Pimenta (Piment.), Pimenta, N.F.= (Pimento, Allspice).--Nearly ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic; stomachic; has no advantage over cardamom.