Some Reptiles and Amphibians from Korea Part 3

_Specimens examined_ (10).--Choksong, 1 (KU); 4 mi. N Ch'onan, 1 (KU); Seoul, 1 (KU); 5 mi. E Seoul, 1 (KU), 2 (UMMZ); 5 mi. ESE Seoul, 1 (KU); 6 mi. E Seoul, 1 (UMMZ); Taegw.a.n.g-ni, 1 (KU); 2 mi.

WSW Tongjonggok, 1 (KU).

_Remarks._--This species seemingly occurs in upland habitats. Specimens were taken on rocky hillsides, on spa.r.s.ely wooded hillsides, and in cultivated fields. November 21 was the latest date of capture of an active individual (UMMZ 113451), the head of which was seen many times prior to capture protruding from a hole beneath the concrete floor of a building. A female (KU 38855), measuring 915 (775 + 140) in total length, and obtained on June 13, contained nine eggs (32 mm. long). One juvenile had eaten a half-grown house mouse, _Mus musculus_; the stomach of a male contained three mice, one a striped field mouse, _Apodemus agrarius_, the other two probably also of that species but too far digested for certain identification. Eggs probably hatch in late summer.

A young of the year (length of body, 340) was captured on September 30; another juvenile (length of body, 285) was obtained in May.

Our largest male (KU 40123) measured 904 (719 + 185) in total length.

Ventrals and subcaudals of six females averaged 205.8 (198-211) and 62.2 (55-69), respectively, whereas corresponding counts of four males averaged 196.8 (190-214), and 71.0 (69-74). Each of nine specimens had dorsal scales in 23-25-19 rows except one (UMMZ 113451), which had 23-25-23 rows.

=Elaphe rufodorsata= (Cantor)

_Tropidonotus rufodorsatus_ Cantor, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 9:483, August, 1842 (type locality, island of Chusan, China).

_Elaphe rufodorsata_, Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 58:310, figs. 269-271, July 22, 1907.

_Specimens examined_ (27).--7 mi. NW Changhowan-ni, 1 (KU); 3 mi. NW Chip'o-ri, 3 (KU); 7 mi. W Ch'ungju, 2 (KU), 1 (UMMZ); 3 mi. S k.u.mhwa, 2 (KU); 1 mi. NW Oho-ri, 1 (KU); 4 mi. E Seoul, 1 (KU); 5 mi. E Seoul, 2 (KU); 5 mi. ESE Seoul, 2 (KU); 6 mi. E Seoul, 3 (KU), 2 (UMMZ); 7 mi. ESE Seoul, 5 (KU); 4 mi. N Uijongbu, 1 (KU); 5 mi.

NE Uijongbu, 1 (UMMZ).

_Remarks._--_E. rufodorsata_ was commonly observed and collected on barren hillsides, on country roads, in rice fields, and along drainage ditches and small streams. One was found sunning outstretched on a road.

Two individuals were trapped in cement-walled pits at the Seoul City Water Works. On April 5, five snakes of this species with one _Rhabdophis tigrina_ and one _Agkistrodon halys_, all partly caked with earth, were found sunning in a shallow depression on the side of a Korean burial mound, which was presumably a hibernaculum. Aside from one juvenile, four of the _E. rufodorsata_ were of approximately the same size, having bodies ranging in length from 385 to 455.

Copulation was observed on April 25 (male, KU 38811, length of body, 400, and female, KU 38812, length of body, 565), and on May 4 (female, KU 38816, length of body, 620). Eggs doubtless hatch at various times in summer. One of five snakes obtained on April 5 (see above) measured 310 (250 + 60) in total length. Another juvenile (KU 38828), obtained on October 18, was 478 (385 + 93) long, and our smallest specimen of this species (KU 38821), captured on June 26, measured 275 (230 + 45).

The stomachs of two snakes each contained a _Rana nigromaculata_; another individual had eaten a _Hyla arborea_, and a fourth specimen had eaten a small fish. One specimen was parasitized by a cestode.

The largest female from our series (KU 38816) measured 740 (620 + 120), and the largest male (KU 38813), 595 (475 + 120). Respective ventral and subcaudal counts of 13 males averaged 170.5 (167-174) and 60.0 (56-63), ventrals of 12 females averaged 178.3 (169-182), and subcaudals of 11 averaged 51.0 (46-56).

=Elaphe schrencki anomala= (Boulenger)

_Coluber anomalus_ Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 17:243, March, 1916 (type locality, Chihfeng, China).

_Elaphe schrencki anomala_, Pope, The reptiles of China, p. 266, fig. 57, May 11, 1935.

_Specimens examined_ (7).--Central National Forest, near Pup'yong-ni, 2 (KU), 1 (UMMZ); 4 mi. W Chip'o-ri, 1 (KU); 5 mi.

N P'yong-taek, 1 (KU); 5 mi. E Seoul, 1 (KU); 5 mi. ESE Seoul, 1 (KU).

_Remarks._--Individuals were observed or taken on dry, scrubby hillsides and in gra.s.sy upland areas. One of the three snakes from the Central National Forest was captured on a steep, forested hillside among granite outcroppings; another was obtained there along a stream bank and had eaten three bats, _Murina aurata_ (see Jones, 1960:265), and one mouse, _Apodemus_ sp. (tail only found). P. M. Youngman reported (personal communication) finding a rat (_Rattus_ sp.) in the stomach of one individual. A female (KU 38830, length of body, 1180) that was obtained on June 2 contained 17 eggs, each approximately 32 mm. long. The ventrals of two females numbered 223 and 229, and the subcaudals of the latter 70. Ventrals and subcaudals of five males were, respectively, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, and 71, 75, 75, 69, 75.

The coloration and pattern of our seven specimens are of interest in view of the probable intergradation between _E. s. anomala_ and _E. s.

schrencki_ in northern Korea (see comments by Shannon, 1956:46). The smallest specimen (KU 38831), having a total length of 335 (280 + 55), was obtained 4 mi. N P'yong-taek on September 24. It is nearly uniform pale brown (lacks a dorsal pattern) and additionally is characterized as follows: incomplete pattern on the head; no black postocular band (pale brown with black posterior border); ventrolateral extensions of the head pattern that form longitudinal stripes of white on the third row of scales; a pale whitish stripe on the sixth and seventh scale rows that extends posteriorly to the level of the fortieth ventral and that has a narrow black border (sometimes interrupted); small and indistinct blackish markings and pale stripes on sides (no higher than sixth row of scales); underside of the head whitish; and venter grayish, having blackish margins on the ends of ventrals posteriorly. KU 38831 is unusual and perhaps anomalous in having a pattern that does not conform to the juvenile pattern of either subspecies.

A female (KU 38830), having a total length of 1390 (1180 + 210), from 5 mi. ESE Seoul conforms to descriptions of _anomala_ in being uniformly pale brown above and in having indistinct dark smudges on the sides; the ventral surface is whitish having indistinct dark smudges, brown spots at the ends of each ventral, and the posterior edge of each ventral brown. A male (KU 40125), measuring 1090 (890 + 200) in total length, from 5 mi. E Seoul, is pale brown above and lacks markings on the anterior part of the body. Indistinct dark markings occur at midbody, whereas the posterior quarter of the body and tail have well-defined black bands on a buff background. The black bands posteriorly are arranged in pairs; each pair of bands is separated by two and a half to three scales, whereas the bands of each pair are separated by only one and a half scales. The ventral surface has an obscure marbled pattern.

Our largest specimen, a male (UMMZ 113454) having a total length of 1488 (1230 + 258), from the Central National Forest, resembles KU 40125, except that pale brown blotches (29 on body, one blackish on neck) and dark lateral spots occur anteriorly on the body.

Another female (KU 38860, body length, 970) from 4 mi. W Chip'o-ri, our northernmost locality of record, has a fairly distinct pattern dorsally. The 30 dark brown, black-edged blotches that are separated by a buff background are not arranged in pairs (as in KU 40125); the dorsal blotches sometimes alternate with small lateral blotches. The ventral surface is marbled throughout.

Two males from the Central National Forest, having total lengths of 1105 (920 + 185) and 830 (690 + 140), generally resemble one another in having the head and neck dark brown or blackish and the anterior part of body dark brown, but discernibly blotched. The posterior part of the body and tail of each bears well-defined blotches (dark brown or black) with buffy inters.p.a.ces; the dorsal blotches are sometimes arranged in pairs. The ventral surface of each is marbled throughout. These two males are noteworthy in that the pattern anteriorly is obscure, but the ground color is dark, not pale as in the two specimens from the vicinity of Seoul.

=Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus= Stejneger

_Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus_ Stejneger, Bull. U. S. Nat.

Mus., 58:463, July 22, 1907 (type locality, Pusan, Korea).

_Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus_, Okada, A catalogue of vertebrates of j.a.pan, p. 103, 1938.

_Specimens examined_ (12).--Central National Forest, near Pup'yong-ni, 4 (KU); 3 mi. NW Chip'o-ri, 2 (KU); 16 mi. NE Mosulp'o, Cheju Do, 1 (UMMZ); 5 mi. E Seoul, 1 (UMMZ); 6 mi. E Seoul, 2 (KU); 7 mi. ESE Seoul, 1 (KU); 7 mi. NNE Sogwi-ri, Cheju Do, 1 (UMMZ).

_Remarks._--Individuals of _Agkistrodon_ were collected on brushy or wooded hillsides, along rock walls or in piles of rocks, and in damp, rocky, wooded ravines near streams. Many were docile when captured. One specimen was infested with nematodes, another with cestodes. One specimen had eaten a striped field mouse, _Apodemus agrarius_, and another had eaten a gray hamster, _Cricetulus triton_. One female, obtained on May 22, 6 mi. E Seoul, contained 14 embryos. Another female, obtained on August 25 in the Central National Forest, contained three well-developed embryos.

We have not included descriptive or taxonomic remarks concerning _A.

halys_ because Dr. Howard K. Gloyd, University of Arizona, who currently is studying the systematics of the genus _Agkistrodon_, has our specimens on loan.

Gazetteer

Listed below are all localities mentioned in the accounts of species; the lat.i.tude (north) and longitude (east) are given for each. All place-names can be found in "Gazetteer to maps of Korea," 3 vols., AMS 2, U. S. Army Map Service, September, 1950, and, except for the two marked by an asterisk, can be located on AMS map series L552 (Korea, 1:250,000). The McCune-Reischauer system of romanization of Korean names is used.

Changhowan-ni. 3707', 12738'

Central National Forest. A small mixed forest 15-18 mi. NE Seoul and immediately west of the village of Pup'yong-ni; most of our collecting there was done approximately at 3745', 12710'

Cheju Do (Quelpart Island). A large island in the East China Sea off the southwestern tip of the Korean mainland (see Mosulp'o and Sogwi-ri)

Chip'o-ri. 3808', 12719'

Choksong. 3758', 12657'

Ch'onan. 3648', 12709'

*Ch'ongyang-ni. 3815', 12723'

Ch'orwon. 3815', 12713'

Ch'ungju. 3658', 12757'

Halla San. A central, volcanic mountain on Cheju Do (see above)

Hoengsong. 3729', 12759'

Inje. 3804', 12811'

Kangnung. 3745', 12854'

k.u.mhwa. 3817', 12728'

Kunsan. 3559', 12643'