Color Key to North American Birds Part 58

=670. Kirtland Warbler= (_Dendroica kirtlandi_). L. 5.7. _Ad._ [Male].

Above bluish gray streaked with black; below pale yellow, sides streaked with black; wing-bars grayish; tail-patches white. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but browner. _Notes._ Song, said to resemble that of Maryland Yellow-throat and also that of Yellow-throated Warbler.

Range.--Eastern United States; has been found from April to October in United States as follows: in Florida, South Carolina, Virginia, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Michigan, and Ontario, in all some twenty odd specimens; found breeding in summer of 1903 in Oscoda County, Michigan; winters in Bahamas where some fifty specimens have been taken.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 671.]

=671. Pine Warbler= (_Dendroica vigorsii_). L. 5.5. _Ad._ [Male].

Throat and breast greenish yellow; above bright yellowish green; wing-bars and tail-patches white. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but breast duller, back browner. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar to Ad. [Male], but browner. _Yng._ [Female]. Below buffy white, breast slightly or not all yellowish; back olive-brown. _Notes._ Song, suggesting a Chipping Sparrow's but more musical.

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Gulf States north to New Brunswick, Minnesota, and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and southern Illinois to Gulf States.

=696. Siberian Yellow Wagtail= (_Budytes flavus leucostriatus_).

L. 6.5. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown bluish slate, a white line over eye; back olive-green; below yellow; wing-bars yellowish; outer tail-feathers largely white. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but duller, head and wing-bars browner. _Notes._ Call, a sharp, _ple-ple-ple_; song, a low, clear, medley of jingling notes uttered on the wing. (Nelson.) (See page 191.)

Range.--China, Eastern Siberia, and Bering Sea portion of eastern Alaska.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 529.]

=529. American Goldfinch= (_Astragalinus tristis_). L. 5.1; W. 2.8.

_Ad._ [Male]. Yellow, cap, wings and tail black; wing-coverts, secondaries and inner margins of tail-feathers tipped with white.

_Ad._ [Female], Above grayish olive-brown; below buffy whitish; throat yellowish; wings and tail duller than in male; white tips to tail not distinct. _Yng._ [Male] _and Ad._ [Male] _in winter_. Similar to [Female] but wings and tail black; white markings grayer than in summer. _Notes._ Calls, when perching, _hear me_, _hear me_, _dearie_, soft and sweet, when flying, _per-chic'-o-ree_; _per-chic'-o-ree_; song, sweet, rapid, varied and canary-like.

Range.--Eastern North America west to the Rockies; breeds from Virginia and Missouri north to Labrador and Manitoba; winters from northern United States to the Gulf States.

=529a. Western Goldfinch= (_A. t. pallidus_). Similar to No. 529, but larger, W. 3.05. _Ad._ [Male], _in summer_, similar in color to No.

529. [Female] and [Male], _in winter_. Much paler, the white areas greater in extent.

Range.--Rocky Mountain region from northern Mexico north to British Columbia.

=529b. California Goldfinch= (_A. t. salicamans_). Similar to No. 529, but wings and tail shorter and color darker. _Ad._ [Male] _in summer_.

With back always (?) tinged with pale olive-green; in winter darker than No. 529, but with white areas as large as in 529a. (Ridgw.)

Range.--California, west of the Sierra, south to Lower California, north to Was.h.i.+ngton.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 530.]

=530. Arkansas Goldfinch= (_Astragalinus psaltria_). L. 4.1. _Ad._ [Male]. Cap, wings, and tail black, most of primaries and tail white basally; back and cheeks olive-green, often marked with black; below yellow _Ad._ [Female]. No black cap; above olive-green; below dull yellowish; wings and tail brownish black, former with white much reduced, latter with little or no white. _Yng._ Resemble female.

_Notes._ Call, _se-e-e-ep_; song, sweet, varied and musical.

Range.--Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific; breeds from northern Lower California and western Texas, north to Colorado, southern Idaho, and Oregon; winters from the southern part of its breeding range southward.

=530b. Mexican Goldfinch= (_A. p. mexica.n.u.s_). Resembles No. 530, but _cheeks and entire upperparts black_; [Female] as in No. 530.

Range.--Mexico, north to southern Texas.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 685.]

=685. Wilson Warbler= (_Wilsonia pusilla_). L. 5. No white in plumage.

_Ad._ [Male]. Crown s.h.i.+ning black; forehead, cheeks and underparts yellow; back olive-green. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but crown-patch often smaller, sometimes absent. _Yng._ [Female]. Crown-patch absent.

_Notes._ Song, _'tsh-'tsk-'tsh-'tshea_. (Nuttall.) Suggests that of Redstart or Yellow Warbler. (Minot.)

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from Nova Scotia, northeastern Maine, and Ontario north to Labrador and Hudson Bay region; winters in Mexico and Central America; "occasional during migration in Colorado...

and other parts of the Rocky Mountain district" (Ridgw.) (See page 192.)

=685a. Pileolated Warbler= (_W. p. pileolata_). Similar to No. 685, but yellow deeper, olive brighter.

Range.--Western North America; breeding throughout the Rocky Mountain district from western Texas in higher mountains, northward to Alaska, coast and interior; westward to eastern Oregon and Queen Charlotte Islands; in migrations over all of western North America and east to Minnesota; in winter south to Central America. (Ridgw.) (See page 192.)

=685b. Golden Pileolated Warbler= (_W. p. chryseola_). Similar to No. 685a, but still brighter, richer yellow; forehead nearly orange; back brighter green.

Range.--Pacific coast; breeds from southern California north to British Columbia; in migration east to eastern Oregon; south to Chihuahua and Lower California. (Ridgw.) (See page 192.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 677.]

=677. Kentucky Warbler= (_Geothlypis formosa_). L. 5.6. No white in plumage. _Ad._ [Male]. Cheeks and crown black the latter tipped with ashy; back olive-green; a yellow line over eye; below bright yellow.

_Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but less black in crown and on cheeks; yellow duller. _Notes._ Song, a _loud musical_ whistle, _t.u.r.dle_, _t.u.r.dle_, _t.u.r.dle_, suggesting notes of Carolina Wren.

Range.--Eastern United States; breeds from Gulf States north to lower Hudson Valley, southern Michigan and eastern Nebraska; winters in Central and northern South America.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 681.]

=681. Maryland Yellow-throat= (_Geothlypis trichas_). L. 5.2; W. 2.1.

_Ad._ [Male]. Forehead and cheeks black, bordered behind by ashy; back olive-green; throat and breast yellow, belly whitish washed with yellow, sides brownish. _Ad._ [Female]. No black mask; above dull olive-green, forehead brownish; throat and breast more or less washed with yellow, belly whitish, sides brownish. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar to Ad. [Male], but browner; breast yellow; cheeks and forehead with more or less half-concealed black. _Notes._ Calls, _pit_, _chit_, or _chack_; song, variable, often _wichity_, _wichity_, _wichity_.

Range.--"Atlantic Coast district of United States; breeding in Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland and southern Pennsylvania (Carlisle), probably also in Delaware and southern New Jersey and in upland portions of Carolinas and Georgia; ... south in winter to Bahamas ..." (Ridgw.)

=681a. Western Yellow-throat= (_G. t. occidentalis_). Similar to No. 681d, but yellow below richer, border of mask whiter and broader.

Range.--Arid western United States; east to western portions of Great Plains, north to Montana and eastern Was.h.i.+ngton (?); west to southern California: breeding southward to northern Chihuahua and northern Lower California; southward in winter to western Mexico and Cape St.

Lucas. (Ridgw.)

=681b. Florida Yellow-throat= (_G. t. ignota_). Similar to No. 681d, but yellow below more extended and deeper, sides browner; black mask wider; upperparts, especially hindhead, browner.

Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf Coast districts of United States from southeastern Virginia to Florida and westward along Gulf lowlands to eastern Texas; winters from at least coast of South Carolina southward; also in Cuba. (Ridgw.)

=681c. Pacific Yellow-throat= (_G. t. arizela_). Similar to No. 681a, but bill smaller, wings and tail shorter, color duller, whitish margin of mask narrower, yellow usually less orange; W. 2.2; T. 2.1. (Ridgw.)

Range.--"Pacific Coast district, from British Columbia southward; breeding southward to Los Angeles County, California, and eastward to Fort Klamath, Oregon; during migration to Cape St. Lucas." (Ridgw.)