Color Key to North American Birds Part 59

=681d. Northern Yellow-throat= (_G. t. brachidactyla_). Similar to No. 681, but averaging larger; W. 2.2. _Ad._ [Male]. More yellow below, more olive-green above. _Ad._ [Female]. Usually with yellow below brighter and more extended. (Ridgw.)

Range.--Northeastern United States from northern New Jersey to Newfoundland; west to northern Ontario and eastern Dakota, and south through Mississippi Valley to upland districts of the Gulf States and east central Texas; in winter Bahamas, Mexico, and Central America.

(Ridgw.)

=681e. Salt Marsh Yellow-throat= (_G. t. sinuosa_). Similar to No. 681c, but much smaller and slightly darker, especially on sides and flanks; W. 2.1. (Ridgw.)

Range.--Salt Marshes of San Francis...o...b..y, California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 682.]

=682. Belding Yellow-throat= (_Geothlypis beldingi_). L. 5.7. _Ad._ [Male]. Black mask crossing head diagonally bordered behind by yellow; rest of plumage much as in No. 681a. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar to [Male]

of No. 681, but larger.

Range.--Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 682.1.]

=682.1. Rio Grande Yellow-throat= (_Geothlypis poliocephala_). L. 5.7.

_Ads._ Lores and forehead black, crown gray, back olive-green; underparts yellow.

Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and southward into Mexico.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 645.]

=645. Nashville Warbler= (_Helminthophila rubricapilla_). L. 4.8.

No wing-bars; no white in tail. _Ad._ [Male]. A chocolate crown-patch; rest of head and cheeks bluish gray; a white eye-ring; back olive-green; below bright yellow. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar, but little or no chocolate in crown; yellow duller. _Yng._ Head brownish; underparts washed with brownish, particularly on throat and flanks. _Notes._ Song, _ke-tsee-ke-tsee-ke-tsee-chip-ee_, _chip-ee-chip-ee-chip_, first half like Black and White Warbler's, second half like Chipping Sparrow's. (Langille.)

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from southern New York, Connecticut, and northern Illinois, north to Labrador and Hudson Bay region; winters south of United States.

=645a. Calaveras Warbler= (_H. r. gutturalis_). Similar to No. 645, but rump brighter; underparts richer yellow.

Range.--Western United States; breeds on high mountains, from the Sierra Nevada to British Columbia, east to eastern Oregon, northern Idaho; south in migration to Lower California and Mexico; southeast to Texas. (Ridgw.)

[Ill.u.s.tration: 648.]

=648. Parula Warbler= (_Compsothlypis americana_). L. 4.5; W. 2.3.

_Ad._ [Male]. Above grayish blue, a _yellowish patch in the back_; breast yellow washed with chestnut and with an indistinct blackish band; belly, wing-bars, spot near tip of outer tail-feathers white.

_Ad._ [Female]. Paler, breast without black, sometimes no chestnut.

_Notes._ A short, little, guttural, lisping trill.

Range.--Breeds in south Atlantic and Gulf states east of Texas north near the Atlantic coast to the District of Columbia and Mount Carmel, Illinois (Brewst.); winters from Gulf States southward.

=648a. Northern Parula Warbler= (_C. a. usneae_). Similar to No. 648, but bill averaging slightly smaller, the wing longer, 2.4; black breast-band averaging wider; the chestnut wash stronger.

Range.--Breeds in New England, New York and west along the northern tier of states, north into Maritime Provinces and Canada; winters from Gulf states southward.

=649. Sennett Warbler= (_Compsothlypis nigrilora_). L. 4.5. Similar to No. 648, but yellow below reaching to belly; breast without black and with only a slight brownish wash; lores and ear-coverts black.

_Notes._ Song probably resembles that of No. 648.

Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley south into eastern Mexico.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 746.]

=746. Verdin= (_Auriparus flaviceps_). L. 4.2; W. 2.2; T. 1.9. _Ad._ [Male]. Head and throat yellow; forehead usually with some concealed orange-brown; lesser wing-coverts reddish chestnut; back brownish gray; belly whitish. _Ad._ [Male]. Similar, but less yellow.

Range.--Southern border of the United States and northern Mexico from southern Texas to southern California; north to southwestern Utah and southern Nevada.

=746a. Baird Verdin= (_A. f. lamprocephalus_). Similar to No. 746, but tail shorter; wing somewhat shorter; yellow of head brighter; W. 2.0; T. 1.6. (Oberholser.)

Range.--Lower California.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 650.]

=650. Cape May Warbler= (_Dendroica tigrina_). L. 5.1. _Ad._ [Male].

Ear-coverts and wash on throat chestnut; crown blackish; back olive-green with black spots; below yellow streaked with black; wing-coverts broadly white; outer tail-feathers with white. _Ad._ [Female] _and Yng._ [Male]. Duller; crown like back; no chestnut.

_Yng._ [Female]. Above olive-gray; below whitish faintly tinged with yellow; wing-bars, narrow. _Notes._ Song, a wiry "_a-wit_, _a wit_, _a-wit_, _a-wit_", repeated. (Butler.)

Range.--Eastern North America; breeds from northern New England, rarely, and Manitoba north to Hudson Bay region; winters south of United States.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 652.]

=652. Yellow Warbler= (_Dendroica aestiva_). L. 5.1. Inner vanes of tail-feathers yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Crown _yellow_, back bright yellowish green; below yellow thickly streaked with reddish brown.

_Ad._ [Female]. _and Yng._ [Male]. Duller above, crown like back; below much paler, few or no streaks. _Yng._ [Female]. Similar to last but still duller. _Notes._ Song, a rather loud _wee-chee_, _chee_, _chee_, _cher-wee_, variable in form but recognizable in tone.

Range.--North America, except Alaska, Pacific coast from Vancouver north, and southwestern United States (western Texas to Arizona).

(Ridgw.); breeds throughout most of its range, and winters in Central and South America.

=652a. Sonora Yellow Warbler= (_D. ae. sonorana_). Similar to No. 652, but [Male] much yellower, less green above, the crown and rump bright yellow; below brighter yellow, reddish brown streaks narrower, fewer sometimes almost wanting. _Ad._ [Female]. Similar to Ad. [Male] of No.

652, but grayer above and whiter below.

Range--Northern Mexico; breeding north to western Texas and southern Arizona; winters south of United States.

=652b. Alaskan Yellow Warbler= (_D. ae. rubiginosa_). Similar to No. 652, but [Male] darker above, the crown of about the same color as back; [Female] duller.

Range.--Breeds on Pacific coast from Vancouver northward and in Alaska; winters south of United States.

[Ill.u.s.tration: 653.]

=653. Mangrove Warbler= (_Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps_). L. 5.

Inner vanes of tail-feathers yellow. _Ad._ [Male]. Whole head reddish chestnut; back olive-green; below yellow lightly streaked with reddish brown. _Ad._ [Female]. Olive-green above; yellow below.

Range.--Cape Region of Lower California and Pacific coast of Central America and Mexico.