The History of Dartmouth College Part 57

Aaron Lawrence, founder of the Lawrence Professors.h.i.+p.

Joel Parker, for the Library.

John Phillips, founder of the Phillips Professors.h.i.+p.

William Reed, founder of Reed Hall.

George C. Shattuck, founder of the Shattuck Observatory.

Isaac Spalding.

Edward S. Tobey.

John Wentworth.

Henry Winkley ($25,000).

Miss Mary C. Bryant, for the Library.

Mrs. Betsey Whitehouse, for Scholars.h.i.+ps.

The sums given by the above average perhaps about $15,000.

It is worthy of remark that a majority of these donations were made or received during the administration of President Smith.

There are at present ten princ.i.p.al edifices erected for the use of the various departments of the College:

Dartmouth Hall and the Medical College, erected during the administration of Pres. John Wheelock; Thornton, Wentworth, and Reed Halls, Shattuck Observatory, and the Chandler Building, erected or completed during the administration of President Lord; Bissell, Culver, and Conant Halls, erected during the administration of President Smith.

During the latter period the President's chair received an endowment of $30,000, and more than sixty scholars.h.i.+ps an endowment of $1,000 each.

Recent bequests to the various departments from Tappan Wentworth, John D. Willard, Richard Fletcher, John S. Woodman, and Joel Parker will amount, _when available_, to over $700,000.

CHARTER OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.

GEORGE THE THIRD BY THE GRACE OF G.o.d, OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND IRELAND, KING, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, ETC.

_To all to whom these presents shall come_, Greeting:

Whereas it hath been represented to our trusty and well-beloved John Wentworth, Esq., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, in and over our province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, in New England in America, that the Rev.

Eleazar Wheelock of Lebanon, in the colony of Connecticut, in New England aforesaid, now Doctor in Divinity, did, on or about the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-four, at his own expense, on his own estate and plantation, set on foot an _Indian Charity School_, and for several years, through the a.s.sistance of well disposed persons in America, cloathed, maintained and educated a number of the children of the _Indian natives_, with a view to their carrying the gospel in their own language, and spreading the knowledge of the great Redeemer among their savage tribes, and hath actually employed a number of them as Missionaries and School Masters in the wilderness for that purpose, and by the blessing of G.o.d upon the endeavors of said Wheelock, the design became reputable among the Indians, insomuch that a larger number desired the education of their children in said School, and were also disposed to receive missionaries and school masters in the wilderness, more than could be supported by the charitable contributions in these American colonies.

Whereupon the said Eleazar Wheelock thought it expedient that endeavors should be used to raise contributions from well disposed persons in England, for the carrying on and extending said undertaking, and for that purpose said Eleazar Wheelock requested the Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker, now Doctor in Divinity, to go over to England for that purpose, and sent over with him the Rev. Sampson Occom, an Indian minister, who had been educated by the said Wheelock. And to enable the said Whitaker, to the more successful performance of said work on which he was sent, said Wheelock gave him a full power of attorney, by which said Whitaker solicited those worthy and generous contributors to the charity, viz. the Right Hon. William Earl of Dartmouth, the Hon. Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe, Knight, one of the Barons of his Majesty's Court of Exchequer, John Thornton, of Clapham, in the county of Surrey, Esq., Samuel Roffey, of Lincoln's Innfields, in the county of Middles.e.x, Esq., Charles Hardey, of the parish of St.

Mary-le-bonne, in said county, Esq., Daniel West, of Christ's Church, Spitalfields, in the county aforesaid, Esq., Samuel Savage, of the same place, gentleman; Josiah Robarts, of the parish of St. Edmund the King, Lombard Street, London, gentleman, and Robert Keen, of the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London, gentleman; to receive the several sums of money which should be contributed, and to be trustees to the contributors to such charity: which they cheerfully agreed to.

Whereupon, the said Whitaker did, by virtue of said power of attorney, const.i.tute and appoint the said Earl of Dartmouth, Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe, John Thornton, Samuel Roffey, Charles Hardey, and Daniel West, Esquires, and Samuel Savage, Josiah Robarts, and Robert Keen, gentlemen, to be trustees of the money which had then been contributed, and which should by his means be contributed for said purpose; which trust they have accepted, as by their engrossed declaration of the same under their hands and seals, well executed fully appears, and the same hath also been ratified by a deed of trust, well executed by said Wheelock.

And the said Wheelock further represents, that he has, by a power of attorney, for many weighty reasons, given full power to the said trustees, to fix upon and determine the place for said school, most subservient to the great end in view. And to enable them understandingly to give the preference, the said Wheelock has laid before the said trustees the several offers which have been generously made in the several governments in America to encourage and invite the settlement of said school among them for their own private emolument, and for the increase of learning in their respective places, as well as for the furtherance of the general design in view.

And whereas a large number of the proprietors of lands in the western part of this our province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, animated and excited thereto by the generous example of his Excellency their Governor, and by the liberal contributions of many n.o.blemen and gentlemen in England, and especially by the consideration that such a situation would be as convenient as any for carrying on the great design among the Indians; and also considering that without the least impediment to the said design, the same school may be enlarged and improved to promote learning among the English, and be a means to supply a great number of churches and congregations which are likely soon to be formed in that new country, with a learned and orthodox ministry, they the said proprietors have promised large tracts of land for the uses aforesaid, provided the school shall be settled in the western part of our said province.

And they the said Right Hon. Hon. and worthy trustees before mentioned, having maturely considered the reasons and arguments in favor of the several places proposed, have given the preference to the western part of our said province, lying on Connecticut river, as a situation most convenient for said school.

And the said Wheelock has further represented a necessity of a legal incorporation, in order to the safety and well being of said seminary, and its being capable of the tenure and disposal of lands and bequests for the use of the same. And the said Wheelock has also represented, that for many weighty reasons, it will be expedient, at least in the infancy of said inst.i.tution, or till it can be accommodated in that new country, and he and his friends be able to remove and settle by and round about it, that the gentlemen whom he has already nominated in his last will (which he has transmitted to the aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England) to be trustees in America, should be of the corporation now proposed. And also as there are already large collections for said school in the hands of the aforesaid gentlemen of the trust in England, and all reason to believe from their signal wisdom, piety, and zeal, to promote the Redeemer's cause (which has already procured for them the utmost confidence of the kingdom) we may expect they will appoint successors in time to come, who will be men of the same spirit, whereby great good may and will accrue many ways to the inst.i.tution, and much be done by their example and influence to encourage and facilitate the whole design in view; for which reasons said Wheelock desires that the trustees aforesaid, may be vested with all that power therein which can consist with their distance from the same.

Know ye therefore that We, considering the premises and being willing to encourage the laudable design of spreading Christian knowledge among the savages of our American wilderness. And also that the best means of education be established in our province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, for the benefit of said province, do, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, by and with the advice of our council for said province, by these presents will, ordain, grant and const.i.tute that there be a college erected in our said province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, by the name of _Dartmouth College_, for the education and instruction of youths of the Indian tribes in this land, in reading, writing, and all parts of learning, which shall appear necessary and expedient, for civilizing and christianizing the children of pagans, as well as in all liberal arts and sciences, and also of English youths, and any others. And the trustees of said college may, and shall be, one body corporate and politic in deed, action and name, and shall be called, named, and distinguished by the name of _The Trustees of Dartmouth College_.

And further, We have willed, given, granted, const.i.tuted and ordained, and by this our present charter, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, with the advice aforesaid, do for us, our heirs and successors forever, will, give, grant, const.i.tute, and ordain, that there shall from henceforth and forever, be in the said Dartmouth College, a body politic, consisting of Trustees of Dartmouth College. And for the more full and perfect erection of said Corporation and body politic, consisting of Trustees of Dartmouth College, We, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, make, ordain, const.i.tute and appoint, our trusty and well beloved John Wentworth, Esquire, Governor of our said province, and the governor of our said province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, for the time being, and our trusty and well beloved Theodore Atkinson, Esquire, now president of our council of our said province, George Jaffrey and Daniel Pierce, Esqrs., both of our said council, and Peter Gilman, Esq., now Speaker of our House of Representatives in said province, and William Pitkin, Esq., one of the a.s.sistants of our colony of Connecticut, and our trusty and well beloved Eleazar Wheelock, of Lebanon, Doctor in Divinity, Benjamin Pomeroy, of Hebron, James Lockwood, of Weathersfield, Timothy Pitkin and John Smalley, of Farmington, and William Patten of Hartford, all of our said colony of Connecticut, ministers of the gospel (the whole number of said trustees consisting, and hereafter forever to consist, of twelve and no more) to be trustees of said Dartmouth College, in this our province of New Hamps.h.i.+re.

And We do further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, for us, our heirs and successors, will, give, grant and appoint that the said trustees and their successors shall, forever hereafter, be in deed, act and name, a body corporate and politic, and that they the said body corporate and politic, shall be known and distinguished in all deeds, grants, bargains, sales, writings, evidences or otherwise however, and in all courts forever hereafter plead and be impleaded by the name of _The Trustees of Dartmouth College_. And that the said corporation by the name aforesaid, shall be able and in law capable for the use of said Dartmouth College, to have, get, acquire, purchase, receive, hold, possess and enjoy, tenements, hereditaments, jurisdictions and franchises for themselves and their successors, in fee simple or otherwise however, and to purchase, receive, or build any house or houses, or any other buildings, as they shall think needful and convenient for the use of said Dartmouth College, and in such town in the western part of our said province of New Hamps.h.i.+re, as shall, by said trustees, or the major part of them be agreed upon, their said agreement to be evidenced by an instrument in writing under their hands ascertaining the same. And also to receive and dispose of any lands, goods, chattels and other things of what nature soever, for the use aforesaid. And also to have, accept and receive any rents, profits, annuities, gifts, legacies, donations or bequests of any kind whatsoever for the use aforesaid: so nevertheless, that the yearly value of the premises do not exceed the sum of six thousand pounds sterling. And therewith or otherwise to support and pay, as the said trustees, or the major part of such of them as are regularly convened for that purpose, shall agree; the president, tutors, and other officers and ministers of said Dartmouth College, and also to pay all such missionaries and school masters as shall be authorized, appointed and employed by them for civilizing, Christianizing, and instructing the Indian natives of this land, their several allowances, and also their respective annual salaries or allowances, and also such necessary and contingent charges, as from time to time shall arise and accrue, relating to said Dartmouth College. And also to bargain, sell, let or a.s.sign lands, tenements, hereditaments, goods or chattels, and all other things whatsoever, by the name aforesaid, in as full and ample a manner, to all intents and purposes as a natural person or other body corporate or politic, is able to do by the laws of our realm of Great Britain, or of said province of New Hamps.h.i.+re.

And further, of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, to the intent that our said corporation and body politic may answer the end of their erection and const.i.tution, and may have perpetual succession and continuance forever, We do for us, our heirs and successors, will, give and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their successors forever, that there shall be once a year, and every year, a meeting of said trustees, held at said Dartmouth College, at such time as by said trustees, or the major part of them, at any legal meeting of said trustees shall be agreed on. The first meeting to be called by the said Eleazar Wheelock, as soon as conveniently may be, within one year next after the enrolment of these our letters patent, at such time and place as he shall judge proper.

And the said trustees, or the major part of any seven or more of them, shall then determine on the time for holding the annual meeting, aforesaid, which may be altered as they shall hereafter find most convenient.

And We do further ordain and direct, that the said Eleazar Wheelock shall notify the time for holding the first meeting to be called as aforesaid, by sending a letter to each of said trustees, and causing an advertis.e.m.e.nt thereof to be printed in the "New Hamps.h.i.+re Gazette,"

and in some public newspaper printed in the colony of Connecticut. But in case of the death or incapacity of said Wheelock, then such meeting to be notified in manner as aforesaid, by the Governor or Commander in Chief of our said province for the time being.

And We also, for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and grant unto the said trustees of Dartmouth College aforesaid, and to their successors forever, that when any seven or more of the said trustees or their successors are convened and met together for the service of said Dartmouth College, at any time or times, such seven or more shall be capable to act as fully and amply to all intents and purposes, as if all the trustees of said College were personally present; and all affairs and actions whatsoever, under the care of said trustees, shall be determined by the majority or greater number of those seven or more trustees, so convened and met together.

And we do further will, ordain and direct, that the president, trustees, professors, and tutors, and all such officers as shall be appointed for the public instruction and government of said College, shall, before they undertake the execution of their respective offices or trusts, or within one year after, take the oaths and subscribe the declaration, provided by an act of Parliament, made in the first year of King George the First, ent.i.tled, "An Act for the further security of his Majesty's person and government, and the succession of the Crown in the heirs of the late Princess Sophia being Protestants, and for the extinguis.h.i.+ng the hopes of the pretended Prince of Wales, and his open and secret abettors," that is to say, the president before the governor of our said province for the time being, or by one empowered by him to that service, or by the president of our council, and the trustees, professors, tutors and other officers before the president of said college, for the time being, who is hereby empowered to administer the same: an entry of all which shall be made in the records of the said college.

And we do for us, our heirs and successors, hereby will, give and grant full power and authority to the president, hereafter by us named, and to his successors, or in case of his failure, to any three or more of said trustees, to appoint other occasional meetings, from time to time, of the said seven trustees, or any greater number of them, to transact any matter or thing necessary to be done, before the next annual meeting, and to order notice to the said seven or any greater number of them, of the times and places of meetings for the services aforesaid, by a letter under his or their hands of the same, one month before said meeting. Provided always, that no standing rule or order be made or altered, for the regulation of said college, or any president or professor be chosen or displaced, or any other matter or thing transacted or done, which shall continue in force after the then next annual meeting of said trustees as aforesaid.

And further, We do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, create, make, const.i.tute, nominate and appoint our trusty and well beloved Eleazar Wheelock, Doctor in Divinity, the founder of said college, to be president of said Dartmouth College, and to have the immediate care of the education and government of such students, as shall be admitted into said Dartmouth College, for instruction and education; and do will, give and grant to him in said office, full power, authority and right to nominate, appoint, const.i.tute and ordain by his last will, such suitable and meet person or persons as he shall choose, to succeed him in the presidency of said Dartmouth College; and the person so appointed by his last will, to continue in office, vested with all the powers, privileges, jurisdiction and authority of a president of said Dartmouth College, that is to say, so long as until such appointment, by said last will, shall be disapproved by the trustees of said Dartmouth College.

And We do also for us, our heirs and successors, will, give and grant to the said trustees of Dartmouth College, and to their successors forever, or any seven or more of them, convened as aforesaid, that in case of the ceasing or failure of a president, by any means whatsoever, that the said trustees do elect, nominate and appoint such qualified person, as they, or the major part of any seven or more of them, convened for that purpose, as above directed, shall think fit, to be president of said Dartmouth College, and to have the care of the education and government of the students as aforesaid. And in case of the ceasing of a president as aforesaid, the senior professor or tutor, being one of the trustees, shall exercise the office of a president, until the trustees shall make choice of, and appoint a president as aforesaid; and such professor or tutor, or any three or more of the trustees, shall immediately appoint a meeting of the body of the trustees for the purpose aforesaid. And also, We do will, give and grant to the said trustees, convened as aforesaid, that they elect, nominate and appoint, so many tutors and professors, to a.s.sist the president in the education and government of the students belonging thereto as they the said trustees shall, from time to time, and at any time think needful and serviceable to the interests of said Dartmouth College. And also that the said trustees, or their successors, or the major part of any seven or more of them, convened for that purpose as above directed, shall at any time displace and discharge from the service of said Dartmouth College, any or all such officers, and elect others in their room and stead as before directed.

And also that the said trustees or their successors, or the major part of any seven of them which shall convene for that purpose as above directed, do from time to time as occasion shall require, elect, const.i.tute and appoint a treasurer, a clerk, an usher and a steward, for the said Dartmouth College, and appoint to them, and each of them, their respective businesses and trust; and displace and discharge from the service of said college, such treasurer, clerk, usher or steward, and elect others in their room and stead; which officers so elected as before directed, We do for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents const.i.tute and establish in their respective offices, and do give to each and every of them, full power and authority, to exercise the same in said Dartmouth College, according to the directions and during the pleasure of the said trustees, as fully and freely as any like officers in any of our universities, colleges, or seminaries of learning, in our realm of Great Britain, lawfully may or ought to do.

And also, that the said trustees or their successors, or the major part of any seven or more of them, which shall convene for that purpose, as is above directed, as often as one or more of said trustees shall die, or by removal or otherwise shall, according to their judgment become unfit or incapable to serve the interests of said college, do, as soon as may be, after the death, removal, or such unfitness or incapacity of such trustee or trustees, elect and appoint such trustee or trustees as shall supply the place of him or them so dying, or becoming incapable to serve the interests of said college; and every trustee so elected and appointed, shall, by virtue of these presents, and such election and appointment, be vested with all the powers and privileges which any of the other trustees of said college are hereby vested with. And We do further will, ordain and direct, that from and after the expiration of two years from the enrolment of these presents, such vacancy or vacancies shall be filled up unto the complete number of _twelve Trustees_, eight of the aforesaid whole number of the body of the trustees shall be resident and respectable freeholders of our said Province of _New Hamps.h.i.+re_, and seven of said whole number shall be laymen.

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, will, give and grant unto the said trustees of _Dartmouth College_ that they and their successors, or the major part of any seven of them which shall convene for that purpose as above directed, may make, and they are hereby fully empowered from time to time fully and lawfully to make and establish such ordinances, orders and laws, as may tend to the good and wholesome government of the said _College_, and all the students and the several officers and ministers thereof, and to the public benefit of the same, not repugnant to the laws and statutes of our realm of _Great Britain_ or of this our province of _New Hamps.h.i.+re_ (and not excluding any person of any religious denomination whatsoever from free and equal liberty and advantage of education, or from any of the liberties and privileges or immunities of the said _College_ on account of his or their speculative sentiments in religion, and of his or their being of a religious profession different from the said _Trustees_ of the said _Dartmouth College_), and such ordinances, orders and laws which shall as aforesaid be made, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, ratify, allow of and confirm, as good and effectual to oblige and bind all the students and the several officers and ministers of said _College_. And We do hereby authorize and empower the said _Trustees of Dartmouth College_, and the _president_, tutors and professors by them elected and appointed as aforesaid, to put such ordinances, laws and orders into execution to all intents and purposes.

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, will, give and grant unto the said _Trustees_, of said _Dartmouth College_, for the encouragement of learning and animating the students of said _College_ to diligence and industry and a laudable progress in literature, that they and their successors, or the major part of any seven or more of them convened for that purpose as above directed, do by the _President_ of said _College_ for the time being, or any other deputed by them, give and grant any such degree or degrees to any of the students of the said _College_, or any others by them thought worthy thereof, as are usually granted in either of the _Universities_ or any other _College_ in our realm of _Great Britain_; and that they sign and seal diplomas or certificates of such graduations to be kept by the graduates as perpetual memorials and testimonies thereof.

And We do further of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, for us, our heirs and successors, by these presents give and grant unto the _Trustees_ of said _Dartmouth College_ and to their successors, that they and their successors shall have a common seal under which they may pa.s.s all diplomas or certificates of degrees, and all other affairs of business of and concerning the said _College_, which shall be engraven in such form and with such an inscription as shall be devised by the said Trustees for the time being, or by the major part of any seven or more of them convened for the service of said _College_ as is above directed.

And We do further for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the _Trustees_ of said _Dartmouth College_ and their successors, or to the major part of any seven or more of them convened for the service of said _College_, full power and authority from time to time to nominate and appoint all other officers and ministers which they shall think convenient and necessary for the service of the said _College_ not herein particularly named or mentioned; which officers and ministers we do hereby impower to execute their offices and trusts as fully and freely as any one of the officers and ministers in our _Universities_ or _Colleges_ in our realm of _Great Britain_ lawfully may or ought to do.

And further, that the generous contributors to the support of this design of spreading the knowledge of the only true G.o.d and Saviour among the _American_ savages, may from time to time be satisfied that their liberations are faithfully disposed of in the best manner for that purpose, and that others may in future time be encouraged in the exercise of the like liberality for promoting the same pious design; it shall be the duty of the _President_ of said _Dartmouth College_ and of his successors, annually or as often as he shall be thereunto desired or requested, to transmit to the Right Hon., Hon. and worthy Gentlemen of the trust in _England_ before mentioned, a faithful account of the improvements and disburs.e.m.e.nts of the several sums he shall receive from the donations and bequests made in _England_ through the hands of the said _Trustees_, and also advise them of the general plans laid and prospects exhibited, as well as a faithful account of all remarkable occurrences, in order if they shall think expedient that they may be published. And this to continue so long as they shall perpetuate their board of Trust, and there shall be any of the _Indian_ natives remaining to be proper objects of that charity.

And lastly, our express will and pleasure is, and We do by these presents for us our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the said _Trustees_ of _Dartmouth College_ and to their successors forever, that these our letters patent or the enrolment thereof in the Secretary's office of our province of _New Hamps.h.i.+re_ aforesaid, shall be good and effectual in law to all intents and purposes against us our heirs and successors, without any other license, grant or confirmation from us our heirs and successors hereafter by the said _Trustees_ to be had and obtained, notwithstanding the not writing or misrecital, not naming or misnaming the aforesaid offices, franchises, privileges, immunities, or other the premises or any of them, and notwithstanding a writ of _ad quod d.a.m.num_ hath not issued forth to enquire of the premises or any of them before the ensealing hereof, any statute, act, ordinance or proviso, or any other matter or thing to the contrary notwithstanding.

To have and to hold, all and singular the privileges, advantages, liberties, immunities, and all other the premises herein and hereby granted and given, or which are meant, mentioned, or intended to be herein and hereby given and granted unto them the said _Trustees_ of _Dartmouth College_ and to their successors forever.

In Testimony whereof We have caused these our letters to be made _patent_, and the public seal of our said province of _New Hamps.h.i.+re_ to be hereunto affixed.

Witness our trusty and well beloved John Wentworth, Esq., Governor and Commander in Chief in and over our said Province, etc., this thirteenth day of _December_, in the tenth year of our reign, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine.

J. WENTWORTH.

By his Excellency's command with the advice of Council.