The Esperanto Teacher: A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians Part 9

Mi estas tenata ............. I am (being) held.

Li estis tenata ............. He was (being) held.

Ni estos tenataj ............ We shall be (being) held.

Vi estus tenataj ............ You would be (being) held.

Ke ili estu tenataj ......... That they may be (being) held.

Estu tenata ................. Be (being) held.

Esti tenata ................. To be (being) held.

Mi estas vidita ............. I am (in the state of) having been seen, or, I have been seen.

Li estis vidita ............. He was (in the state of) having been seen, or, he had been seen.

Ni estos viditaj ............ We shall be (in the state of) having been seen, or, we shall have been seen.

Vi estus viditaj ............ You would be (in the state of) having been seen, or, you would have been seen.

(Ke) ili estu viditaj ....... (That) they may be (in the state of) having been seen, or, that they may have been seen.

Esti vidita ................. To be (in the state of) having been seen, or, to have been seen.

Mi estas lauxdota .......... I am about (going) to be praised.

Sxi estis lauxdota .......... She was about (going) to be praised.

Ni estos lauxdotaj .......... We shall be about (going) to be praised.

Vi estus lauxdotaj .......... You would be about (going) to be praised.

(Ke) ili estu lauxdotaj ..... (That) they should be about (going) to be praised.

Esti lauxdota ............... To be about (going) to be praised.

VOCABULARY.

komercajxo : commodity. sciig- : inform.

surtuto : overcoat. kasx- : hide.

sxuldo : debt. pens- : think.

ringo : ring. kapt- : capture.

projekto : project. trankvila : quiet.

ingxeniero : civil engineer. tuta : all, whole.

fervojo : railroad. grava : important.

pregxo : prayer. ora : golden.

pasero : sparrow. volonte : willingly.

aglo : eagle. sekve : consequently.

invit- : invite. laux : according to.

konstru- : construct.

Mi estas amata. Mi estis amata. Mi estos amata. Mi estus amata. Estu amata. Esti amata. Vi estas lavita. Vi estis lavita. Vi estos lavita.

Vi estus lavita. Estu lavita. Esti lavita. Li estas invitota. Li estis invitota. Li estos invitota. Li estus invitota. Estu invitota. Esti invitota. Tiu cxi komercajxo estas cxiam volonte acxetata de mi. La surtuto estas acxet.i.ta de mi; sekve gxi apartenas al mi. Kiam via domo estis konstruata, mia domo estis jam longe konstruita. Mi sciigas, ke de nun la sxuldoj de mia filo ne estos pagataj de mi. Estu trankvila, mia tuta sxuldo estos pagita al vi baldaux. Mia ora ringo ne estus tiel longe sercxata, se gxi ne estus tiel lerte kasxita de vi. Laux la projekto de la ingxenieroj tiu cxi fervojo estas konstruota en la dauxro de du jaroj; sed mi pensas, ke gxi estos konstruata pli ol tri jarojn.

Kiam la pregxo estis finita, li sin levis.

Auxgusto estas mia plej amata filo. Mono havata estas pli grava ol havita. Pasero kapt.i.ta estas pli bona, ol aglo kaptota.

LESSON 16.

Another set of participles is used to describe or show the condition or state of the "doer" of the action, namely "-anta", denoting "incompleteness" or present time, "-inta", denoting "completeness" or past time, and "-onta", denoting "action not yet begun", or future time, as "Sur la arbo staras kantanta birdo (aux birdo kantanta"), On the tree is a singing bird (or a bird singing); "En la venonta somero mi vizitos vin", In the coming summer I shall visit you; "La pasinta nokto estis tre pluva", The past night was very wet (rainy).

Mi estas mangxanta .......... I am (in the act of) eating.

Li estis mangxanta .......... He was eating.

Ni estos mangxantaj ......... We shall be eating.

Vi estus mangxantaj ......... You would be eating.

(Ke) ili estu mangxantaj .... (That) they may be eating.

Esti mangxanta .............. To be eating.

Estu mangxanta .............. Be (in the act of) eating.

Mi estas teninta ............ I am (in the state of) having held, or, I have held.

Li estis teninta ............ He was (in the state of) having held, or, he had held.

Ni estos tenintaj ........... We shall be (in the state of) having held, or, we shall have held.

Vi estus tenintaj ........... You would be (in the state of) having held, or, you would have held.

(Ke) ili estu tenintaj ...... (That) they may be (in the state of) having held, or, (that) they may have held.

Esti teninta ................ To be (in the state of) having held, or, to have held.

Mi estas dironta ............ I am about (going) to say.

Li estis dironta ............ He was about (going) to say.

Ni estos dirontaj ........... We shall be about (going) to say.

Vi estus dirontaj ........... You would be about (going) to say.

(Ke) ili estu dirontaj ...... (That) they may be about (going) to say.

Esti dironta ................ To be about (going) to say.

The participles are made into nouns by ending them with "o" instead of "a", as "Kiam Nikodemo batas Jozefon, tiam Nikodemo estas la batanto, kaj Jozefo estas la batato", When Nicodemus beats Joseph, then Nicodemus is the beater, and Joseph is the one being beaten.

La batanto ...... The one who is beating.

La batinto ...... The one who was beating.

La batonto ...... The one who is about (going) to beat.

La batato ....... The one who is being beaten.

La bat.i.to ....... The one who has been beaten.

La batoto ....... The one who is about to be beaten.

Note that the participles which have "n" in the termination refer to the "doer"; they are called "active" participles. Those without "n" refer to the one to whom the action is done; they are "pa.s.sive" participles.

VOCABULARY.

tempo : time. ripet- : repeat.

mondo : world. arest- : arrest.

lingvo : language. jugx- : judge.

nombro : number. konduk- : lead, conduct.

legendo : legend. vojagx- : travel, journey.

loko : place. sxtel- : steal.

salono : drawing-room. ripoz- : rest, repose.

eraro : mistake. diradis : used to say (tell).

soldato : soldier. estonta : future (about to be).

strato : street. vera : true.

pek- : sin. intence : intentionally.