New York at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis 1904 Part 28

_Natural group of forest insects_. This group occupied the central gla.s.s box and contained thirty-one species of insects or representations of their work upon wax models of their food plants, namely, white birch, red oak, elm and maple. Eleven species of beetles, fifteen of b.u.t.terflies and moths, two of the bee family and three of the bug family were to be seen upon the plants or on the ground at their base. This group gave an excellent idea of the appearance of insects when amid their natural surroundings.

COLORED PLATES

A series of quarto and octavo colored plates ill.u.s.trating the work and various stages of some of the more important depredators upon forest and shade trees, was exhibited in two double-faced frames attached to the top of this case. The more important insects included in this group were the following: Sugar maple borer, elm snout beetles, twig girdler or twig pruner, white marked tussock moth, gypsy moth, brown tail moth, bag worm, forest tent caterpillar, elm leaf beetle, oyster scale, scurfy bark louse, San Jose scale, elm bark louse, cottony maple scale. One plate was devoted to characteristic insects affecting oak, and another to those depredating upon hard pine.

SPECIMENS OF NATIVE WOODS

The forest product of the State was represented by a collection of specimens of all the native woods of New York, built into panel work, showing both sides. Each species was represented by two specimens and each of the four surfaces was finished in a different manner. One surface was highly polished, one oiled, one planed and one rough.

Ninety-one species of native and nine species of introduced woods were exhibited in this manner. Displaying the several species in four different ways enabled the discriminating observer to study and compare the various woods profitably. The manner of labeling was greatly appreciated. Some students copied all the labels, each spending many hours on this task.

The kinds of timber that grow in this State from which a five-inch board can be sawed and which were represented as described, are as follows:

Cuc.u.mber Tree Tulip Tree Ba.s.swood Linden Holly Striped Maple Hard Maple Silver Maple Red Maple Box Elder Staghorn Sumach Kentucky Coffee Tree Honey Locust Red or Canada Plum Wild Plum Green Ash Sa.s.safras American Elm Rock Elm Slippery Elm Wild Red Cherry Wild Black Cherry Wild Crab Apple Mountain Ash c.o.c.kspur Thorn Black Haw Scarlet Fruited Thorn Shad Bush Witch Hazel Sweet Gum Flowering Dogwood Pepperidge Persimmon Black Ash White Ash Red Ash Scarlet Oak Black Oak Pin Oak Jack Oak Hackberry Red Mulberry Sycamore b.u.t.ternut Black Walnut Bitternut s.h.a.gbark Hickory Mockernut Hickory Pignut Hickory King Nut Hickory Small Fruited Hickory White Oak Post Oak Burr Oak Chestnut Oak Chinquapin Oak Yellow Oak Swamp White Oak Red Oak White Pine Red Pine Pitch Pine Jersey Pine Yellow Pine Jack Pine Tamarack White Poplar Crack Willow Weeping Willow Lalanthus Chestnut Beech Ironwood Blue Beech Black Birch Yellow Birch White Birch Red Birch Canoe Birch Yellow Willow Black Willow Peach Willow Aspen Large Toothed Poplar Swamp Cottonwood Balm of Gilead Cottonwood Red Cedar White Cedar Arbor Vitae Black Spruce Red Spruce White Spruce Hemlock Balsam Lombardy Poplar Wild Apple Yellow Locust Horse Chestnut Blue Willow

These specimens of wood were built into panel work in seven frames of the following seven species of wood, respectively:

Maple Cherry Chestnut Rock Elm White Oak Black Ash Black Birch

LABELING OF SPECIMENS

Each specimen was labeled on both sides, with the common or popular name and also the botanical name. Most of the pieces were from a collection that the Commission exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1900, which was there awarded a gold medal. In preparing the exhibit the collection was enlarged so as to represent all our native woods, and built into new frame work of substantial and attractive design.

WOOD PULP

A complete collection of the several kinds of wood pulp manufactured in New York was also a part of the exhibit, as follows:

Ground Spruce pulp Sulphite Spruce pulp Sulphite Balsam pulp Sulphite Poplar pulp Sulphite Ba.s.swood pulp Pulverized Pine pulp Pulverized Poplar pulp

Ground and sulphite pulp is used in the manufacture of paper and many household articles of utility. Pulverized pulp is used in making linoleum and dynamite.

Although wood pulp was shown in some other exhibits, no one else made any attempt to show a complete collection of all the various kinds of pulp manufactured.

Articles of utility made of pulp, such as wash tubs, pails, measures, cups, pitchers, etc., fifty-three pieces in all, were shown in connection with the display of pulp.

BY-PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST

By-products of the forest were also displayed on a piece of circular shelving with a suitable caption. The articles in this collection were as follows:

Crude wood alcohol Refined wood alcohol Columbian spirits Acetic acid Refined acetic acid Glacial acetic acid Acetate of lime Gray acetate of lime Pine needle extract Light wood tar Heavy wood tar Creosote Tannic acid Pine pitch Spruce gum (raw) Refined spruce gum Ba.s.swood honey Black walnuts Wood ashes Charcoal Chestnuts Hickory nuts Beechnuts Hazel nuts Maple sugar (cakes) Maple lozenges Maple kisses Maple sugar (pulverized) Maple syrup Mocker nuts b.u.t.ter nuts Sa.s.safras Witch hazel

There was no other exhibit of this nature at the Fair.

SUMMER RESORTS

On one side of the s.p.a.ce occupied by the exhibit was a high wall which was covered with green burlap. On this wall were three groups of large photographs, one of the Thousand Islands, one of Adirondack and one of Catskill scenery.

In the Thousand Island group in addition to a collection of typical island scenery, was a large picture of the Thousand Island House at Alexandria Bay, N. Y., furnished by the owner, O. G. Staples; a picture of the Hotel Frontenac on Round Island loaned by the owner, and a very large colored picture of the excursion steamer "Ramona," on tour through the islands, loaned by the Thousand Island Steamboat Company, Cape Vincent, N. Y.

The Catskill pictures consisted of photographs of mountain scenery and waterfalls, prepared specially for this exhibit. A fine group of scenes was furnished by the Catskill Mountain Railroad of Catskill, N. Y., showing the Otis Elevated road, the Mountain House, etc.

The group of Adirondack views contained pictures of a number of the largest hotels in that region, and collections of mountain and water scenery. One group was of Lake George scenery. A large picture of Wawbeek Hotel, on Upper Saranac Lake, was furnished by J. Ben Hart, of Wawbeek, N. Y. The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company kindly loaned a large panoramic picture of Lake Placid and mountains of that locality.

Many of these pictures were in colors. They were appreciated by a great number of people that had visited the several summer resorts represented.

AN OPEN HUNTING CAMP

A model of a hunting camp of the open style, of which there are many in the Adirondacks, was displayed. It was constructed of spruce with the bark on, and the floor was covered with balsam boughs, which exhaled a delightful odor noticeable several yards from the camp.

A large rustic table made of a cross section of a cedar tree with the roots of a tree for the standard and legs of the table, was loaned by Mr. Ferris J. Meigs, of Tupper Lake, N. Y. The tree from which the cross section was taken showed by its growth of rings that it was more than four hundred years old.

DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE

For the purpose of making this State Forestry, Fish and Game exhibit, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission generously set aside the sum of $18,000. Being unable to secure as much s.p.a.ce as was needed, and for the additional reason that the salaries of some of the persons collaborating on the exhibit were provided for in another manner, it was not necessary to use all of the funds available.

Dividing the disburs.e.m.e.nts into ten representative accounts, the amount expended was as follows: Animals and birds ------------------------- $2,211 56 Fish ---------------------------------- 1,792 51 Insects ------------------------------- 644 52 Plants for nursery, etc. -------------- 392 69 Woods, instruments, by-products, etc. - 1,119 28 Sportsman's Camp and furnis.h.i.+ngs ------ 1,507 92 Wall pictures ------------------------- 278 93 Freight and express ------------------- 697 10 Installation -------------------------- 2,481 76 Maintenance and repacking ------------- 3,717 81 ------------ Total ------------------------------------- $14,844 08 ------------

Had the exhibit been prepared without recourse to materials on hand and by a separate force paid from the funds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission it would have undoubtedly cost the State not less than $20,000, but the fact that considerable material was available from former exhibits, and from the office of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, and the further fact, as above stated, that some of the collaborators received their compensation from the funds of that Commission, enabled the State to make the elaborate and exhaustive exhibit that it did in this department at the figures shown above.

THE ROSTER

The exhibit was prepared under the direction of Colonel William F. Fox, Superintendent State Forests.

Following is a roster of the persons employed at the exhibit:

Arthur B. Strough, Special Agent in charge Abraham Knechtel, Forester Charles C. Hembree, Attendant Victor Mahlstedt, Gardener

AWARDS

The awards were all conferred upon the Forest, Fish and Game Commission or upon State officials. The juries in the Departments of Forestry, Fish and Game were made up of eminent specialists, and their work was done in a thorough and painstaking manner. They expressed themselves in complimentary terms on the various features of the exhibit, and the result of their deliberations cannot but be gratifying to all who are interested in the advanced work of the Empire State in forestry, in forest preserves and in the protection of our native fish and game.

_List of the Awards Cla.s.sified Under the Several Groups of the Official Cla.s.sification_

GROUP ONE HUNDRED TWELVE

_Appliances and Processes Used in Forestry_

Collective exhibit of progressive forestry. Grand prize Seeds of the trees Instruments and tools used in forestry Forest nursery and demonstration plantation Photographs Native trees with botanical specimens Forest insects

William F. Fox, for services in the forestry exhibit. Gold medal Arthur B. Strough, for services in forestry exhibit. Silver medal Abraham Knechtel, for services in forestry exhibit. Silver medal E. P. Felt, D. Sc., for services in entomological exhibit, forest insects. Silver medal