The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Part 22

[Footnote 1211: Lieber, 'On the Vocal Sounds,' &c., ibid. p. 7.]

[Footnote 1212: Huschke, 'Mimices et Physiognomices,' 1821, p. 18.

Gratiolet (De la Phys. p. 255) gives a figure of a man in this att.i.tude, which, however, seems to me expressive of fear combined with astonishment. Le Brun also refers (Lavater, vol. ix. p. 299) to the hands of an astonished man being opened.]

[Footnote 1213: Huschke, ibid. p. 18.]

[Footnote 1214: 'North American Indians,' 3rd edit. 1842, vol. i. p.

105.]

[Footnote 1215: H. Wedgwood, Dict. of English Etymology, vol. ii. 1862, p. 35. See, also, Gratiolet ('De la Physionomie,' p. 135) on the sources of such words as 'terror, horror, rigidus, frigidus,' &c.]

[Footnote 1216: Mr. Bain ('The Emotions and the Will,' 1865, p. 54) explains in the following manner the origin of the custom "of subjecting criminals in India to the ordeal of the morsel of rice. The accused is made to take a mouthful of rice, and after a little time to throw it out. If the morsel is quite dry, the party is believed to be guilty,--his own evil conscience operating to paralyse the salivating organs."]

[Footnote 1217: Sir C. Bell, Transactions of Royal Phil. Soc. 1822, p.

308. 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 88 and pp. 164-469.]

[Footnote 1218: See Moreau on the rolling of the eyes, in the edit. of 1820 of Lavater, tome iv. p. 263. Also, Gratiolet, De la Phys. p. 17.]

[Footnote 1219: 'Observations on Italy,' 1825, p. 48, as quoted in 'The Anatomy of Expression,' p. 168.]

[Footnote 1220: Quoted by Dr. Maudsley, 'Body and Mind,' 1870, p. 41.]

[Footnote 1221: 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 168.]

[Footnote 1222: Mecanisme de la Phys. Humaine, Alb.u.m, Legende xi.]

[Footnote 1223: d.u.c.h.einne takes, in fact, this view (ibid. p. 45), as he attributes the contraction of the platysma to the s.h.i.+vering of fear (_frisson de la peur_); but he elsewhere compares the action with that which causes the hair of frightened quadrupeds to stand erect; and this can hardly be considered as quite correct.]

[Footnote 1224: 'De la Physionomie,' pp. 51, 256, 346.]

[Footnote 1225: As quoted in White's 'Gradation in Man,' p. 57.]

[Footnote 1226: 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 169.]

[Footnote 1227: 'Mecanisme de la Physionomie,' Alb.u.m, pl. 65, pp. 44, 45.]

[Footnote 1228: See remarks to this effect by Mr. Wedgwood, in the Introduction to his 'Dictionary of English Etymology,' 2nd edit. 1872, p. x.x.xvii. He shows by intermediate forms that the sounds here referred to have probably given rise to many words, such as _ugly, huge_, &c.]

[Footnote 1301: 'The Physiology or Mechanism of Blus.h.i.+ng,' 1839, p. 156.

I shall have occasion often to quote this work in the present chapter.]

[Footnote 1302: Dr. Burgess, ibid. p. 56. At p. 33 he also remarks on women blus.h.i.+ng more freely than men, as stated below.]

[Footnote 1303: Quoted by Vogt, 'Memoire sur les Microcephales,' 1867, p. 20. Dr. Burgess (ibid. p. 56) doubts whether idiots ever blush.]

[Footnote 1304: Lieber 'On the Vocal Sounds,' &c.; Smithsonian Contributions, 1851, vol. ii. p. 6.]

[Footnote 1305: Ibid. p. 182.]

[Footnote 1306: Moreau, in edit. of 1820 of Lavater, vol. iv. p. 303.]

[Footnote 1307: Burgess. ibid. p. 38, on paleness after blus.h.i.+ng, p.

177.]

[Footnote 1308: See Lavater, edit. of 1820, vol. iv. p. 303.]

[Footnote 1309: Burgess, ibid. pp. 114, 122. Moreau in Lavater, ibid.

vol. iv. p. 293.]

[Footnote 1310: 'Letters from Egypt,' 1865, p. 66. Lady Gordon is mistaken when she says Malays and Mulattoes never blush.]

[Footnote 1311: Capt. Osborn ('Quedah,' p. 199), in speaking of a Malay, whom he reproached for cruelty, says he was glad to see that the man blushed.]

[Footnote 1312: J. R. Forster, 'Observations during a Voyage round the World,' 4to, 1778, p. 229. Waitz gives ('Introduction to Anthropology,'

Eng. translat. 1863, vol. i. p. 135) references for other islands in the Pacific. See, also, Dampier 'On the Blus.h.i.+ng of the Tunquinese' (vol.

ii. p. 40); but I have not consulted this work. Waitz quotes Bergmann, that the Kalmucks do not blush, but this may be doubted after what we have seen with respect to the Chinese. He also quotes Roth, who denies that the Abyssinians are capable of blus.h.i.+ng. Unfortunately, Capt.

Speedy, who lived so long with the Abyssinians, has not answered my inquiry on this head. Lastly, I must add that the Rajah Brooke has never observed the least sign of a blush with the Dyaks of Borneo; on the contrary under circ.u.mstances which would excite a blush in us, they a.s.sert "that they feel the blood drawn from their faces."]

[Footnote 1313: Transact. of the Ethnological Soc. 1870, vol. ii. p.

16.]

[Footnote 1314: Humboldt, 'Personal Narrative,' Eng. translat. vol. iii.

p. 229.]

[Footnote 1315: Quoted by Prichard, Phys. Hist. of Mankind, 4th edit 1851, vol. i. p. 271.]

[Footnote 1316: See, on this head, Burgess, ibid. p. 32. Also Waitz, 'Introduction to Anthropology,' Eng. edit. vol. i. p. 139. Moreau gives a detailed account ('Lavater,' 1820, tom. iv. p. 302) of the blus.h.i.+ng of a Madagascar negress-slave when forced by her brutal master to exhibit her naked bosom.]

[Footnote 1317: Quoted by Prichard, Phys. Hist. of Mankind, 4th edit.

1851, vol. i. p. 225.]

[Footnote 1318: Burgess, ibid. p. 31. On mulattoes blus.h.i.+ng, see p. 33.

I have received similar accounts with respect to, mulattoes.]

[Footnote 1319: Barrington also says that the Australians of New South Wales blush, as quoted by Waitz, ibid. p. 135.]

[Footnote 1320: Mr. Wedgwood says (Dict. of English Etymology, vol. iii.

1865, p. 155) that the word shame "may well originate in the idea of shade or concealment, and may be ill.u.s.trated by the Low German _scheme_, shade or shadow." Gratiolet (De la Phys. pp. 357-362) has a good discussion on the gestures accompanying shame; but some of his remarks seem to me rather fanciful. See, also, Burgess (ibid. pp. 69, 134) on the same subject.]

[Footnote 1321: Burgess, ibid. pp. 181, 182. Boerhaave also noticed (as quoted by Gratiolet, ibid. p. 361) the tendency to the secretion of tears during intense blus.h.i.+ng. Mr. Bulmer, as we have seen, speaks of the "watery eyes" of the children of the Australian aborigines when ashamed.]

[Footnote 1322: See also Dr. J. Crichton Browne's Memoir on this subject in the 'West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Report,' 1871, pp. 95-98.]

[Footnote 1323: In a discussion on so-called animal magnetism in 'Table Talk,' vol. i.]

[Footnote 1324: Ibid. p. 40.]

[Footnote 1325: Mr. Bain ('The Emotions and the Will,' 1865, p.

65) remarks on "the shyness of manners which is induced between the s.e.xes.... from the influence of mutual regard, by the apprehension on either side of not standing well with the other."]