Anthropology Part 2

III.--_Ethnography._

A. The Origin and Subdivisions of Races.

Theories of monogenism and polygenism. Doctrine of "geographical provinces" or "areas of characterization." The continental areas at the date of man's appearance on the earth. Eurafrica, Austafrica, Asia, America, Oceanica. Causes and consequences of the migrations of races and nations.

_a._ The Eurafrican Race.--Types of the white race. Its first home.

Early migrations. The South Mediterranean branch (Hamitic and Semitic stocks). The North Mediterranean branch (Euskaric, Aryan, and Caucasic stocks).

_b._ The Austafrican Race.--Former geography of Africa. The Negrillos or Pigmies. The true Negroes. The Negroids. The race in other continents. Negro slavery.

_c._ The Asian Race.--The Sinitic branch (Chinese, Thibetans, Indo-Chinese). The Sibiric branch (the Tungusic, Mongolic, Tataric, Finnic, Arctic, and j.a.panese groups).

_d._ The American Race.--Peopling of America. Groups of North and South American tribes.

_e._ Insular and Litoral Peoples.--The Negritic stock (Negritos, Papuans, Melanesians). The Malayic stock (Western Malayans, Eastern, or Polynesians). The Australic stock (Australian tribes; Dravidians and Kols, of India).

IV.--_Archaeology._

A. General Archaeology.

_a._ Geology of the epoch of man. Late tertiary and quaternary periods. Glacial phenomena. River drift. Diluvial and alluvial deposits. Physical geography of the quaternary. Prehistoric botany and zoology.

_b._ Prehistoric Ages.--The Age of Stone (chipped stone, or palaeolithic period; polished stone, or neolithic period). The Age of Bronze. The Age of Iron. Epochs, stations, and examples.

Methods of study of stone and bone implements, pottery, and other ancient remains. Indications of prehistoric commerce.

Palethnology. Proto-historic epoch.

B. Special Archaeology.

Egyptian, a.s.syrian, Phenician, Cla.s.sical, and Medieval Archaeology.

Archaeology of the various areas in America. Art in stone, bone, sh.e.l.l, wood, clay, paper, etc., in these areas.

LABORATORY WORK.

A. Physical Laboratory.

Comparing and identifying bones. Measuring skulls. Dissections of anthropoids and human subjects. Examination of brains. Study of embryology and teratology. Practical study of the hair, skin, nails, etc., of different races. Use of color scales, etc.

Practice in anthropomometry, with the necessary instruments.

Testing for sense perceptions.

B. Technological Laboratory.

Study of stone implements; simple and compound; rough and polished; primary and secondary chipping; cleavage; firing; bulb of percussion; mineralogy of implements; patine, etc. Bone implements.

Study of metal implements. Hammering, smelting, casting. Results of exposure. a.n.a.lysis of alloys. Coins, etc. Study of pottery.

Pastes; burning; glazing; forms; decorative designs; painting and coloring.

Textile materials; ancient cloth and basket work; feather work.

Methods of making casts and models; taking squeezes, rubbings, copies, and photographs. Drawing, shading, and coloring ethnographic charts.

Practice in preserving, mounting, arranging, and cla.s.sifying specimens. Tests for the detection of frauds. Incrustations, dendrites, etc. Practice in reducing unknown tongues to writing, by the ear. Practice in the repet.i.tion of unfamiliar phonetic elements. Study of the actions of the lingual muscles in the production of sounds.

LIBRARY WORK.

Researches in the history of anthropology.

Making lists of works and articles on special subjects, with brief abstracts.

Notes of the proceedings of anthropological societies and the contents of journals.

Presentation of the theories of particular writers on the science.

Familiarize the student with the past and present literature of his branch.

FIELD WORK.

Methods of surveying, photographing, and plotting ancient remains.

Plans for taking field-notes.

Instruction in the proper methods of opening mounds, sh.e.l.l heaps, etc., and in excavating rock-shelters and caverns. The preserving and packing of specimens.

Study of quaternary geology; alluvial deposits; river terraces; glacial scratches; moraines; river drift; loess; elevation and subsidence.

The collection of languages and dialects; of folk-lore, and local peculiarities.

TEXT-BOOKS.

As the plan of study here proposed is largely that which I have pursued and developed in my own lectures and published works on the subject, I may be permitted to insert the following list of these:--

_Anthropology and Ethnology._ 4to, pp. 184. In Vol. I of the Iconographic Encyclopaedia (Philadelphia, 1886).

_Prehistoric Archaeology._ 4to, pp. 116. In Vol. II of the Iconographic Encyclopaedia (Philadelphia, 1886).

_Races and Peoples; Lectures on the Science of Ethnography._ 8vo, pp. 313 (N. D. C. Hodges, New York, 1890).

_The American Race; a Linguistic Cla.s.sification and Ethnographic Description of the Native Tribes of North and South America._ 8vo, pp. 392 (N. D. C. Hodges, New York, 1891).

In addition to these I would name the following as among the best works for the student of this branch:--

_Anthropologische Methoden._ By Dr. Emil Schmidt (Leipzig, 1888).