The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 110

6. P. rotundiflia, L. _Leaves...o...b..cular, thick, s.h.i.+ning_, usually shorter than the petiole; scape many-bracted (6--12' high), raceme elongated, many-flowered; _calyx-lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acutish, with somewhat spreading tips, _one half or one third the length of the_ roundish-obovate rather spreading (chiefly white) _petals; anther-cells nearly blunt_.--Damp or sandy woods, throughout the continent, south to N. Ga. Exhibits many varieties, such as, Var.

INCARNaTA, DC., with flesh-colored to rose-purple flowers, and triangular-lanceolate calyx-lobes. Cold woods and bogs, N. Eng. to Minn., and northward.--Var. ASARIFLIA, Hook., with oblate or round-reniform leaves, and shorter ovate calyx-lobes; petals flesh- or rose-colored (rarely white). With same range.--Var. ULIGINSA, Gray, with short broadly ovate calyx-lobes, subcordate to obovate dull leaves, and rose-colored or purple flowers. Same range. (Eu.)

24. PTERoSPORA, Nutt. PINE-DROPS.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla ovate, urn-shaped, 5-toothed, persistent.

Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled, awned on the back, opening lengthwise.

Style short; stigma 5-lobed. Capsule globose, depressed, 5-lobed, 5-celled, loculicidal, but the valves cohering with the columella. Seeds very numerous, ovoid, tapering to each end, the apex expanded into a broad reticulated wing many times larger than the body of the seed.--A stout and simple purplish-brown clammy-p.u.b.escent root-parasitic herb (1--2 high); the wand-like stem furnished towards the base with scattered lanceolate scales in place of leaves, above bearing many nodding (white) flowers, in a long bracted raceme. (Name from pte???, _a wing_, and sp???, _seed_, alluding to the singular wing borne by the seeds.)

1. P. Andromedea, Nutt.--Hard clay soil, parasitic apparently on the roots of pines, from W. New Eng. to N. Penn., N. Mich., and westward; rare.

25. SCHWEINiTZIA, Ell. SWEET PINE-SAP.

Calyx of 5 oblong-lanceolate acute scale-like sepals, erect, persistent.

Corolla persistent, bell-shaped, rather fleshy, 5-lobed, slightly 5-gibbous at the base. Stamens 10; anthers much shorter than the filaments, fixed near the summit, awnless; the two sac-shaped cells opening at the top. Capsule ovoid, 5-celled, with a short and thick style, and a large 5-angular stigma. Seeds innumerable.--A low and smooth brownish plant, 3--4' high, with the aspect of Monotropa, scaly-bracted, the flowers several in a terminal spike, at first nodding, flesh-color, with the fragrance of violets. (Named for the late _L. D. von Schweinitz_.)

1. S. odorata, Ell.--Woods, parasitic on the roots of herbs, Md. (near Baltimore) to N. C. April.

26. MONoTROPA, L. INDIAN PIPE. PINE-SAP.

Calyx of 2--5 lanceolate bract-like scales, deciduous. Corolla of 4 or 5 separate erect spatulate or wedge-shaped scale-like petals, which are gibbous or saccate at the base, and tardily deciduous. Stamens 8 or 10; filaments awl-shaped; anthers kidney-shaped, becoming 1-celled, opening across the top. Style columnar; stigma disk-like, 4--5-rayed. Capsule ovoid, 8--10-grooved, 4--5-celled, loculicidal; the very thick placentae covered with innumerable minute seeds, which have a very loose coat.--Low and fleshy herbs, tawny, reddish, or white, parasitic on roots, or growing on decomposing vegetable matter like a Fungus; the cl.u.s.tered stems springing from a ball of matted fibrous rootlets, furnished with scales or bracts in place of leaves, 1--several-flowered; the summit at first nodding, in fruit erect. (Name composed of ????, _one_, and t??p??, _turn_, from the summit of the stem turned to one side.)

-- 1. MONOTROPA proper. _Plant inodorous, 1-flowered; calyx of 2--4 irregular scales or bracts; anthers transverse, opening equally by 2 c.h.i.n.ks; style short and thick._

1. M. uniflra, L. (INDIAN PIPE. CORPSE-PLANT.) Smooth, waxy-white (turning blackish in drying, 3--8' high); stigma naked.--Dark and rich woods, nearly throughout the continent. June--Aug. (Asia.)

-- 2. HYPoPITYS. _Plant commonly fragrant; flowers several in a scaly raceme; the terminal one usually 5-merous, the rest 3--4-merous; bract-like sepals mostly as many as the petals; anthers opening by a continuous line into 2 very unequal valves; style longer than the ovary, hollow._

2. M. Hypopitys, L. (PINE-SAP. FALSE BEECH-DROPS.) Somewhat p.u.b.escent or downy, tawny, whitish, or reddish (4--12' high); pod globular or oval; stigma ciliate.--Oak and pine woods, from Canada to Fla., west to Oregon. June--Aug. (Eu.)

ORDER 59. DIAPENSIaCEae.

_Low perennial herbs or suffruticulose tufted plants, glabrous or nearly so, with simple leaves, no stipules, regular 5-merous flowers (except the 3-celled ovary), stamens adnate to the corolla and sometimes monadelphous (those opposite its lobes when present reduced to staminodia); pollen simple; loculicidal capsule and seeds of_ Ericaceae.--Flowers solitary or racemose. Style 1, with 3-lobed stigma.

Distinguished from the Ericaceae chiefly by the insertion of the stamens upon the corolla.

Tribe I. DIAPENSIEae. Dwarf woody evergreens, with small entire crowded coriaceous leaves. Staminodia none; filaments adnate to the campanulate corolla up to the sinuses; anthers 2-celled. Calyx conspicuously bracteolate. Flowers solitary.

1. Pyxidanthera. Flowers sessile on short leafy branchlets. Anther-cells awn-pointed at base, opening transversely.

2. Diapensia. Flower (or at least fruit) on a scape-like peduncle.

Anther-cells blunt, obliquely dehiscent.

Tribe II. GALACINEae. Acaulescent, with creeping rootstocks sending up long-petioled evergreen leaves, and a 1--several-flowered scape.

Staminodia present.

3. Galax. Calyx minutely 2-bracteolate. Stamens monadelphous; anthers 1 celled.

1. PYXIDANTHeRA, Michx.

Sepals thin. Anther-cells awn-pointed at base, opening by a strictly transverse line. Otherwise much as in Diapensia.--Prostrate and creeping, with narrowly oblanceolate and awl-pointed leaves, mostly alternate on the sterile branches and somewhat hairy near the base.

Flowers solitary and sessile, very numerous, white or rose-color. (Name from p????, _a small box_, and ?????a, _anther_, the anther opening as if by a lid.)

1. P. barbulata, Michx. (FLOWERING MOSS. PYXIE.) Leaves 3" long.--Sandy pine barrens of N. J. to N. C. April, May.

2. DIAPeNSIA, L.

Calyx of 5 concave imbricated coriaceous sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes rounded. Filaments broad and flat, adherent to the corolla up to the sinuses, short; anthers adnate, of 2 ovoid pointless cells, diverging below, each opening therefore by a transverse-descending line. Capsule, enclosed in the calyx, cartilaginous; cells few-seeded.--Alpine, growing in very dense convex tufts, with the stems imbricated below with cartilaginous narrowly spatulate mostly opposite leaves, terminated by a scape-like 1-flowered peduncle, 3-bracted under the calyx. Corolla white (' wide). (Said to be an ancient Greek name of the Sanicle, of obscure meaning, strangely applied by Linnaeus to this plant.)

1. D. Lapponica, L. Leaves 3--5" long; peduncle at length 1--2'

long.--Alpine summits of N Eng. and N. Y., and northward to Lab. and the Arctic coast. July. (Eu., Asia.)

3. GaLAX, L.

Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, hypogynous, obovate-spatulate, rather erect, deciduous. Filaments united in a 10-toothed tube, slightly cohering with the base of the petals, the 5 teeth opposite the petals naked, the alternate ones shorter and bearing roundish 1-celled anthers, which open across the top. Style short, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule ovoid, 3-celled; columella none. Seeds numerous, the cellular loose coat tapering to each end.--Evergreen herb, with a thick matted tuft of scaly creeping rootstocks, beset with fibrous red roots, sending up round heart-shaped crenate-toothed and veiny s.h.i.+ning leaves (about 2' wide) on slender petioles, and a slender naked scape, 1--2 high, bearing a wand-like spike or raceme of small and minutely-bracted white flowers. (Name from ???a, _milk_,--of no conceivable application to this plant.)

1. G. aphlla, L.--Open woods, Va. to Ga. June.

ORDER 60. PLUMBAGINaCEae. (LEADWORT FAMILY.)

_Maritime herbs, with regular 5-merous flowers, a plaited calyx, the 5 stamens opposite the separate petals or the lobes of the corolla, and the free ovary one-celled, with a solitary ovule hanging from a long cord which rises from the base of the cell._--Only the STATiCEae or MARSH-ROSEMARY TRIBE is represented in our region, in gardens by the Thrift (_Armeria vulgaris_), on the coast by a single species of

1. STaTICE, Tourn. SEA-LAVENDER. MARSH-ROSEMARY.

Flowers scattered or loosely spiked and 1-sided on the branches, 2--3-bracted. Calyx funnel-form, dry and membranaceous, persistent.

Corolla of 5 nearly or quite distinct petals, with long claws, the 5 stamens severally attached to their bases. Styles 5, rarely 3, separate.

Fruit membranous and indehiscent, in the bottom of the calyx. Embryo straight, in mealy alb.u.men.--Sea-side perennials, with thick and stalked radical leaves; the naked flowering stems or scapes branched into panicles. (Stat???, an ancient name given to this or some other herb, on account of its astringency.)

1. S. Limnium, L. Root thick and woody, very astringent; leaves oblong, spatulate or obovate-lanceolate, 1-ribbed, tipped with a deciduous bristly point, petioled; scape much-branched, corymbose-panicled (1--2 high); spikelets 1--3-flowered; flowers lavender-color; calyx-tube hairy on the angles, the lobes ovate-triangular, with as many teeth in the sinuses. (Eu.)

Var. Caroliniana, Gray, the plant of the Northern States, has more erect branches, rather panicled inflorescence with at length scattered flowers, and very acute or ac.u.minate calyx-lobes.--Salt marshes along the coast, from Lab. to Tex. Aug., Sept.

ORDER 61. PRIMULaCEae. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with simple leaves, and regular perfect flowers, the stamens as many as the lobes of the monopetalous (rarely polypetalous) corolla and inserted opposite them_ (on the tube or base), _and a 1-celled ovary with a central free placenta rising from the base, bearing several or many seeds._--Calyx free from the ovary, or in Samolus partly coherent.

(Corolla none in Glaux.) Stamens 4 or 5, rarely 6 or 8. Style and stigma one. Seeds with a small embryo in fleshy alb.u.men. Ovules amphitropous, except in Tribe I.

Tribe I. HOTTONIEae. Ovary wholly free; ovules anatropous. Aquatic; immersed leaves pectinate.

1. Hottonia. Corolla short salver-form. Flowers verticillate and racemose.