The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 109

2. R. viscsum, Torr. (CLAMMY A. WHITE SWAMP-HONEYSUCKLE.) _Branchlets bristly_, as well as the margins and midrib of the oblong-obovate otherwise smooth leaves; _calyx-lobes minute; corolla clammy, the tube much longer than the lobes_. (Azalea viscosa, _L._)--Swamps, mostly near the coast, Canada and Maine, to Fla. and Ark. June, July.--Var. GLAuc.u.m, Gray. Leaves paler, often white-glaucous underneath or on both sides, sometimes rough-hairy. N. Eng. to Va.--Var. NiTIDUM, Gray. Dwarf, with oblanceolate leaves green both sides. Mountains, N. Y. to Va.

[+][+] _Flowers appearing before or with the leaves._

3. R. nudiflrum, Torr. (PURPLE A. PINXTER-FLOWER.) Leaves downy underneath; _tube of the corolla scarcely longer than the ample lobes, slightly glandular_. (Azalea nudiflora, _L._)--Swamps, Canada to Fla., Ill., Mo., and Tex. April, May. The showy flowers vary from flesh-color to pink and purple. There are numberless varieties, some of them with 10 stamens.

4. R. calendulaceum, Torr. (FLAME-COLORED AZALEA.) Leaves hairy; _tube of the corolla shorter than the lobes, hairy_. (Azalea calendulacea, _Michx._)--Woods, mountains of Penn. to Ga. May. Covered just when the leaves appear with a profusion of large orange blossoms, usually turning to flame-color, not fragrant.

[*][*] _Flower-buds of fewer and early caducous scales; corolla irregular, with short or hardly any tube, anteriorly divided to the base; the limb equalling the 10 stamens and style._

5. R. Rhodra, Don. Young parts sparingly strigose-hairy (1--2 high); leaves oblong, pale, more or less p.u.b.escent; corolla hardly 1' long, purplish-rose-color, bil.a.b.i.ate, with the posterior lip 3-lobed, the anterior of 2 oblong-linear and recurving nearly or quite distinct petals. (Rhodora Canadensis, _L._)--Cool bogs, Newf. and N. Eng. to mountains of Penn.

-- 2. RHODODeNDRON proper. _Leaves coriaceous and persistent; stamens (commonly 10) and style rarely exserted, somewhat declined, or sometimes equally spreading._

6. R. maximum, L. (GREAT LAUREL.) _Leaves_ 4--10' long, very thick, _elliptical-oblong_ or lance-oblong, _acute, narrowed toward the base, very smooth_, with somewhat revolute margins; pedicels viscid; corolla bell-shaped, 1' broad, pale rose-color or nearly white, greenish in the throat on the upper side, and spotted with yellow or reddish.--Damp deep woods, rare from Maine to Ohio, but very common through the Alleghanies from N. Y. to Ga. July.--Shrub or tree 6--35 high.

7. R. Catawbiense, Michx. _Leaves oval or oblong, rounded at both ends, smooth_, pale beneath (3--5' long); corolla broadly bell-shaped, lilac-purple; pedicels rusty-downy.--High Alleghanies, Va. to Ga. June.

Shrub 3--6 (rarely 20) high.

8. R. Lapponic.u.m, Wahl. _Dwarf_, prostrate in broad tufts (6' high); _leaves_ (' long) _elliptical, obtuse, dotted_ (like the branches) with rusty scales; umbels few-flowered; corolla open bell-shaped, dotted, violet-purple; _stamens_ 5--10.--Alpine summits of northern N. Y. and N. Eng., to the Arctic Coast. July. (Arct. Eu. and Asia.)

17. LeDUM, L. LABRADOR TEA.

Calyx 5-toothed, very small. Corolla of 5 obovate and spreading distinct petals. Stamens 5--10; anthers opening by terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, splitting from the base upward, many-seeded; placentae borne on the summit of the columella.--Low shrubs, with the alternate entire leaves clothed with rusty wool underneath, persistent, the margins revolute; herbage slightly fragrant when bruised. Flowers white, small, in terminal umbel-like cl.u.s.ters from large scaly buds; bracts or scales thin and caducous. (??d??, the ancient Greek name of the Cistus.)

1. L. latiflium, Ait. Erect, 1--3 high; leaves oblong or linear-oblong (1--2' long), mostly ' wide, very obtuse; stamens 5--7; capsule oblong, acutish.--N. Eng. to Penn., Mich., Minn., and northward, in cold bogs and mountain woods.

L. PAl.u.s.tRE, L., with linear leaves, 10 stamens, and short-oval capsule, is found in Newfoundland and northwestward. (Eu.)

18. LEIOPHLLUM, Pers. SAND MYRTLE.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla of 5 distinct obovate-oblong petals, spreading.

Stamens 10, exserted; anthers opening lengthwise. Style filiform.

Capsule 2--3-celled, splitting from the apex downward, many-seeded.--A low much-branched evergreen, with the aspect, foliage, etc., of the last genus, but the crowded leaves sometimes opposite, scarcely petioled.

Flowers small, white, in terminal umbel-like cl.u.s.ters. (Name formed of ?e???, _smooth_, and f?????, _leaf_.)

1. L. buxiflium, Ell. Shrub 6--10' high; leaves oval or oblong, smooth and s.h.i.+ning, 3--6" long.--Sandy pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. May.

19. LOISELEuRIA, Desv. ALPINE AZALEA.

Calyx 5-parted, nearly as long as the bell-shaped and deeply 5-cleft regular corolla. Stamens 5, not declined, included; anthers opening lengthwise. Style short. Capsule ovoid, 2--3-celled, many-seeded, 2--3-valved; valves 2-cleft from the apex; placentae borne on the middle of the columella.--A small depressed shrubby evergreen, much branched and tufted, smooth, with coriaceous opposite elliptical leaves, on short petioles, with revolute margins. Flowers small, white or rose-color, 2--5 in a cl.u.s.ter, from a terminal scaly bud; scales or bracts thick and persistent. (Named for _Loiseleur-Delongchamps_, a French botanist.)

1. L. proc.u.mbens, Desv.--Alpine summits of the White Mountains, N. H., and northward. June. (Eu., Asia.)

20. CLeTHRA, Gronov. WHITE ALDER.

Calyx of 5 sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla of 5 distinct obovate-oblong petals. Stamens 10, often exserted; anthers arrow-shaped, erect in the bud, becoming inverted and opening by basal pores or short slits. Style slender, 3-cleft at the apex. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded, enclosed in the calyx.--Shrubs or trees, with alternate serrate deciduous leaves, and white flowers in terminal h.o.a.ry racemes.

Bracts deciduous. (?????a, the ancient Greek name of the Alder, which this genus somewhat resembles in foliage.)

1. C. alniflia, L. (SWEET PEPPERBUSH.) Shrub 3--10 high; _leaves wedge-obovate, sharply serrate_, entire toward the base, prominently straight-veined, smooth, green both sides, _racemes upright_, panicled; _bracts shorter than the flowers_; filaments smooth.--Wet copses, Maine to Va., near the coast, and southward. Covered in July and August with handsome fragrant blossoms.

2. C. ac.u.minata, Michx. A tall shrub or small tree; _leaves oval or oblong, pointed_, thin, finely serrate (3--7' long), pale beneath; _racemes solitary, drooping; bracts longer than the flowers_; filaments and pods hairy.--Woods in the Alleghanies, Va. to Ga. July.

21. CHIMaPHILA, Pursh. PIPSISSEWA.

Petals 5, concave, orbicular, widely spreading. Stamens 10; filaments enlarged and hairy in the middle; anthers as in Pyrola, but more or less conspicuously 2-horned. Style very short, inversely conical, nearly immersed in the depressed summit of the globular ovary; stigma broad and orbicular, disk-shaped, the border 5-crenate. Capsule, etc., as in Pyrola, but splitting from the apex downward, the edges of the valves not woolly.--Low, nearly herbaceous plants, with long running underground shoots, and evergreen thick and s.h.i.+ning leaves, somewhat whorled or scattered along the short ascending stems; the fragrant (white or purplish) flowers corymbed or umbelled on a terminal peduncle.

(Name from ?e?a, _winter_, and f????, _to love_, in allusion to one of the popular names, viz., _Wintergreen_.)

1. C. umbellata, Nutt. (PRINCE'S PINE. PIPSISSEWA.) Leafy, 4--10' high; _leaves wedge-lanceolate_, sharply serrate, _not spotted_; peduncles 4--7-flowered; petals flesh-color; anthers violet.--Dry woods, Nova Scotia to Ga., west to the Pacific. June. (Eu.)

2. C. maculata, Pursh. (SPOTTED WINTERGREEN.) _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base_, remotely toothed, _the upper surface variegated with white_; peduncles 1--5-flowered.--Dry woods, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Minn. and Miss. June, July.--Plant 3--6' high.

22. MONeSES, Salisb. ONE-FLOWERED PYROLA.

Petals 5, widely spreading, orbicular. Filaments awl-shaped, naked; anthers as in Pyrola, but conspicuously 2-horned. Style straight, exserted; stigma large, peltate, with 5 narrow and conspicuous radiating lobes. Valves of the capsule naked. (Flowers occasionally tetramerous.) Scape 1-flowered. Otherwise as Pyrola; intermediate between it and Chimaphila. (Name formed of ????, _single_, and ?s??, _delight_, from the pretty solitary flower.)

1. M. grandiflra, Salisb. A small perennial, with the rounded and veiny serrate thin leaves (6--9" long) cl.u.s.tered at the ascending apex of creeping subterranean shoots; the 1--2-bracted scape (2--4' high) bearing a white or rose-colored terminal flower 6" wide. (M. uniflora, _Gray_.)--Deep cold woods, Labrador to Penn., Ind., Minn., and westward.

June. (Eu.)

23. PROLA, Tourn. WINTERGREEN. s.h.i.+N-LEAF.

Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave and more or less converging, deciduous. Stamens 10; filaments awl-shaped, naked; anthers extrorse in the bud, but in the flower inverted by the inflexion of the apex of the filament, more or less 4-celled, opening by a pair of pores at the blunt or somewhat 2-horned base (by inversion the apparent apex).

Style generally long; stigma 5-lobed or 5-rayed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved from the base upward (loculicidal); the valves cobwebby on the edges. Seeds minute, innumerable, resembling sawdust, with a very loose cellular-reticulated coat.--Low and smooth perennial herbs, with running subterranean shoots, bearing a cl.u.s.ter of rounded petioled evergreen root-leaves, and a simple raceme of nodding flowers, on an upright more or less scaly-bracted scape. (Name a diminutive of _Pyrus_, the Pear-tree, from some fancied resemblance in the foliage.)

[*] _Style straight, much narrower than the peltate 5-rayed stigma, petals and stamens erect and connivent; anthers not narrowed below the openings._

1. P. mnor, L. Scape 5--10' high; _leaves roundish_, slightly crenulate, thickish, mostly longer than the margined petiole; flowers small, crowded, white or rose-color; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, very much shorter than the nearly _globose corolla; style short and included_.--Cold woods, Lab., White Mts., L. Superior, and northward.

2. P. secunda, L. Subcaulescent, 3--6' high; _leaves ovate, thin_, longer than the petiole, scattered, _finely serrate_; racemes dense and spike-like, the numerous small (greenish-white) _flowers all turned to one side_, scarcely nodding; calyx-lobes ovate, very much shorter than the oblong-oval petals; _style long, exserted_.--Rich woods, Lab. to Minn., south to Md., and far northward. July. (Eu.)

Var. pumila, Gray, is a smaller form, with rounded leaves 6" or little more in diameter, and 3--8-flowered scape.--High peat-bogs, N. Y. to L. Superior, and northward. July, Aug.

[*][*] _Style strongly declined, the apex curved upward, longer than the connivent or spreading petals; stigma much narrower than the truncate excavated ring-like apex of the style; anthers contracted below the openings, forming a short neck; leaves denticulate or entire._

[+] _Petals and leaves acute, the latter ovate, coriaceous._

3. P. oxypetala, C. F. Austin. Leaves ovate, small (8--12" long), shorter than the slender petiole; scape (7--8' high) several-flowered; flowers on ascending pedicels, not nodding; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, short; petals lanceolate-oblong, ac.u.minate, greenish; anthers conspicuously mucronate at the apex, obtusely 2-horned at base, not inverted; style straightish, scarcely exserted.--Wooded hill near Deposit, Delaware Co., N. Y. (_C. F. Austin_, in 1860). Not since found; probably monstrous.

[+][+] _Petals and leaves...o...b..cular to oblong, very obtuse._

4. P. chlorantha, Swartz. _Leaves small_ (1' long), _roundish, thick, dull, shorter than the petiole; scape few-flowered_, naked (5--8' high); _calyx-lobes roundish-ovate, very short_; the elliptical petals converging (greenish-white); _anther-cells contracted into a distinct neck_; style little exserted.--Open woods, Lab. to Penn., Minn., north and westward. June, July.

5. P. elliptica, Nutt. (s.h.i.+N-LEAF.) _Leaves thin and dull, elliptical or obovate-oval, longer than the margined petiole_; raceme many-flowered; _calyx-lobes ovate, acute, not one fourth the length of the_ obovate rather spreading (greenish-white) _petals; anther-cells blunt_.--Rich woods, N. Eng. to Md., Iowa, Minn., and northward. June.