The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 108

Calyx without bractlets, of 5 almost distinct sepals, valvate in the bud. Corolla ovate, 5-toothed, p.u.b.erulent. Stamens 10; anthers fixed near the base, linear, awnless, the cells tapering upward and opening by a long c.h.i.n.k. Capsule oblong-pyramidal, 5-celled, 5-valved; the many-seeded placentae at the base of the cells. Seeds _all ascending_, slender, the thin and loose reticulated coat extended at both ends into awl-shaped appendages.--A tree with deciduous, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, soon smooth, serrulate leaves, on slender petioles, and white flowers in long one-sided racemes cl.u.s.tered in an open panicle, terminating the branches of the season. Bracts and bractlets minute, deciduous. Foliage acid (whence the name, from ????, _sour_, and d??d???, _tree_.)

1. O. arbreum, DC. Tree 15--40 high; leaves in size and shape like those of the peach.--Rich woods, from Penn. to Ind., and southward, mostly along the Alleghanies, to Fla. June, July.

9. LEUCoTHOe, Don.

Calyx of 5 nearly distinct sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla ovate or cylindraceous, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anthers naked, or the cells with 1 or 2 erect awns at the apex, opening by a pore. Capsule depressed, more or less 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved, the sutures not thickened; valves entire; the many-seeded placentae borne on the summit of the short columella. Seeds mostly pendulous.--Shrubs with petioled and serrulate leaves, and white scaly-bracted flowers in dense axillary or terminal spiked racemes. (A mythological name.)

[*] _Anthers awnless; stigma 5-rayed; racemes sessile, dense, with persistent bracts, in the axils of thick and s.h.i.+ning evergreen leaves; calyx not bracteolate._

1. L. axillaris, Don. _Leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, abruptly pointed_ or acute, somewhat spinulose-serrulate, _on very short petioles; sepals broadly ovate_.--Low grounds, Va. to Fla. and Ala.

Feb.--April.--Shrub 2--4 high.

2. L. Catesbae'i, Gray. _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed_, serrulate with ciliate-spinulose appressed teeth, _conspicuously petioled_ (3--6' long); _sepals ovate-oblong_, often acute.--Moist banks of streams, Va. to Ga. along the mountains. May.--Shrub 2--4 high, with long spreading or recurved branches. Flowers exhaling the unpleasant scent of Chestnut-blossoms.

[*][*] _Anthers awned; stigma simple; flowers very short-pedicelled, in long one-sided racemes mostly terminating the branches; bracts deciduous; leaves membranaceous and deciduous, serrulate; calyx bibracteolate._

3. L. recurva, Buckley. _Branches and racemes recurved-spreading_; leaves lanceolate or ovate, taper-pointed; _sepals ovate; anther-cells 1-awned; pod 5-lobed, seeds flat and cellular-winged_.--Dry hills, Alleghanies of Va. to Ala. April.--Lower and more straggling than the next.

4. L. racemsa, Gray. _Branches and racemes mostly erect_; leaves oblong or oval-lanceolate, acute; _sepals ovate-lanceolate; anther-cells each 2-awned; pod not lobed; seeds angled and wingless_.--Moist thickets, Ma.s.s. to Fla. and La., near the coast. May, June.--Shrub 4--10 high.

Corolla cylindrical.

10. Ca.s.saNDRA, Don. LEATHER-LEAF.

Calyx of 5 distinct rigid ovate and acute sepals, imbricated in the bud, and with a pair of similar bractlets. Corolla cylindrical-oblong, 5-toothed. Stamens 10; anther-cells tapering into a tubular beak, and opening by a pore at the apex, awnless. Capsule depressed, 5-celled, many-seeded, the pericarp of 2 layers, the outer 5-valved, the cartilaginous inner layer at length 10-valved. Seeds flattened, wingless.--Low and much branched shrubs, with nearly evergreen and coriaceous leaves, which are scurfy, especially underneath. Flowers white, in the axils of the upper small leaves, forming small 1-sided leafy racemes. (_Ca.s.sandra_, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba.)

1. C. calyculata, Don. Leaves oblong, obtuse, flat.--Bogs, Newf. to Minn., and south to Ga.

11. Ca.s.sOPE, Don.

Calyx without bractlets, of 4 or 5 nearly distinct ovate sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, deeply 4--5-cleft.

Stamens 8 or 10; anthers fixed by the apex; the ovoid cells each opening by a large terminal pore, and bearing a long recurved awn behind.

Capsule ovoid or globular, 4--5-celled, 4--5-valved, the valves 2-cleft; placentae many-seeded, pendulous from the summit of the columella. Seeds smooth and wingless.--Small, arctic or alpine evergreen plants, resembling Club-Mosses or Heaths. Flowers solitary, nodding on slender erect peduncles, white or rose-color. (_Ca.s.siope_ was the mother of Andromeda.)

1. C. hypnodes, Don. Tufted and proc.u.mbent, moss-like (1--4' high); leaves needle-shaped, imbricated; corolla 5-cleft; style short and conical.--Alpine summits of N. New Eng. and N. Y., and high northward.

12. CALLuNA, Salisb. HEATHER. LING.

Calyx of 4 colored sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 4-parted, much shorter and less conspicuous than the calyx, both becoming scarious and persistent. Stamens 8, distinct; anthers with a pair of deflexed appendages on the back, the cells opening each by a long c.h.i.n.k. Capsule 4-celled, septicidally 4-valved.--Evergreen undershrub, with no scaly buds, opposite and minute leaves (mostly extended at base into 2 sharp auricles), crowded and imbricated on the branches. Flowers axillary, or terminating very short shoots and crowded on the branches, forming close mostly one-sided spikes or spike-like racemes, rose-colored or sometimes white, small, bracted by 2 or 3 pairs of leaves, the innermost of which are more or less scarious. (Named from ?a?????, _to brush_ or _sweep_, brooms being made of its twigs.)

1. C. vulgaris, Salisb. Low grounds, Ma.s.s., at Tewksbury and W.

Andover; Maine, at Cape Elizabeth; also N. Scotia, C. Breton, Newf., etc. Probably only introduced.

Two European heaths, ERCA CINeREA and E. TeTRALIX, have been found in small patches on Nantucket Island.

13. BRYaNTHUS, Steller.

Corolla urn-shaped or bell-shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft, deciduous.

Stamens 10, anthers pointless, shorter than the filaments, opening by terminal pores. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, septicidal (as are all the succeeding), many-seeded.--Low alpine Heath-like evergreen undershrubs, clothed with scattered linear and obtuse smooth or rough-margined leaves. Flowers usually nodding on solitary or umbelled peduncles at the summit of the branches. Our species belongs to -- Phyllodoce. (?????, _moss_, and ????? _flower_, because growing among mosses.)

1. B. taxiflius, Gray. Calyx p.u.b.escent; corolla oblong-urn-shaped, 5-toothed, purplish, smooth; style included. (Phyllodoce taxifolia, _Salisb._)--Alpine summits of the mountains of N. H. and Maine, and northward. July.

14. KaLMIA, L. AMERICAN LAUREL.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla between wheel-shaped and bell-shaped, 5-lobed, furnished with 10 depressions in which the 10 anthers are severally lodged; filaments long and thread-form. Capsule globose, 5-celled, many-seeded.--Evergreen mostly smooth shrubs, with alternate or opposite entire coriaceous leaves, naked buds, and showy flowers. (Dedicated to _Peter Kalm_, a pupil of Linnaeus, who travelled in this country about the middle of the last century, afterwards Professor at Abo.)

-- 1. _Flowers in simple or cl.u.s.tered naked umbel-like corymbs; pedicels from the axils of small and firm foliaceous persistent bracts; calyx smaller than the pod, persistent; leaves and branches glabrous, or nearly so._

1. K. latiflia, L. (CALICO-BUSH. MOUNTAIN LAUREL. SPOON-WOOD.) _Leaves mostly alternate, bright green both sides, ovate-lanceolate_ or oblong, acute at each end, petioled; flowers profuse, large and very showy, varying from deep rose-color to nearly white; _corymbs terminal_, many-flowered, clammy-p.u.b.escent; pod depressed, glandular.--Rocky hills and damp soil, Canada and Maine, chiefly along the mountains to W. Fla., west to Ohio, Ky., and Tenn. Usually a shrub 4--8 high, but in the mountains from Penn. southward forming dense thickets and often tree-like (10--30 high). May, June.

2. K. angustiflia, L. (SHEEP LAUREL. LAMBKILL. WICKY.) Shrub 1--3 high; _leaves commonly opposite or in threes, pale or whitish underneath, light green above, narrowly oblong_, obtuse, petioled; _corymbs lateral_ (appearing later than the shoots of the season), slightly glandular, many-flowered; pod depressed, nearly smooth; _pedicels recurved in fruit_.--Hillsides, Newf. to Mich., south to N. Ga.; common. May, June. The flowers more crimson and two thirds smaller than in the last.

3. K. glauca, Ait. (PALE LAUREL.) _Branchlets 2-edged; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, oblong, white-glaucous beneath, with revolute margins_; corymbs terminal, few-flowered, smooth; bracts large; flowers ' broad, lilac-purple; pod ovoid, smooth.--Cold peat-bogs and mountains, Newf. to Penn., Minn., and northward. May, June.--Straggling, about 1 high.

-- 2. _Flowers scattered, solitary in the axils; calyx leafy, larger than the pod, nearly equalling the corolla, deciduous; leaves and branches bristly-hairy._

4. K. hirsuta, Walt. Branches terete; leaves oblong or lanceolate (4"

long), becoming glabrous.--Sandy pine-barren swamps, S. E. Va. to Fla.

May--Sept.--Shrub 1 high; corolla rose-color.

15. MENZIeSIA, Smith.

Calyx very small and flattish, 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Corolla cylindraceous-urn-shaped and soon bell-shaped, obtusely 4-lobed. Stamens 8, included; anther-cells opening at the top by an oblique pore. Capsule ovoid, woody, 4-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Seeds narrow, with a loose coat.--A low shrub; the straggling branches and the alternate deciduous leaves usually hairy and ciliate with rusty rather chaff-like bristles. Flowers small, developed with the leaves, in terminal cl.u.s.ters from scaly buds, greenish-white and purplish, nodding. (Named for _Archibald Menzies_, who in Vancouver's voyage brought the original species from the Northwest Coast.)

1. M. glabella, Gray. Strigose-chaffy scales mostly wanting; leaves obovate, barely mucronate-tipped, _glabrous_ or nearly so (1--2' long); _filaments ciliate below; capsule glabrous_ or nearly so; _seeds long-caudate at each end_.--Minnesota Point, L. Superior, and northwestward.

2. M. globularis, Salisb. More or less chaffy, 2--5 high; leaves obovate-oblong, prominently glandular-mucronate, _strigose-hirsute_ especially above; _filaments glabrous; capsule beset with short gland-tipped bristles; seeds merely apiculate_. (M. ferruginea, var.

globularis, of Manual.)--In the Alleghanies from Penn. to Ga.

16. RHODODeNDRON, L. ROSE BAY, AZALEA, etc.

Flowers almost always 5-merous. Calyx mostly small or minute. Corolla various (but not contracted at the orifice), lobed or cleft, or even parted, often somewhat irregular. Stamens sometimes as few as the corolla-lobes, more commonly twice as many, usually declined; anther-cells opening by a round terminal pore. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds scale-like.--Shrubs or small trees, of diverse habit and character, with chiefly alternate entire leaves, and large and showy flowers in umbelled cl.u.s.ters from large scaly-bracted terminal buds. (??d?de?d???, _rose-tree_; the ancient name.)

-- 1. AZaLEA. _Leaves deciduous, glandular-mucronate; stamens (5 to 10) and style more or less exserted and declined._

[*] _Flower-buds of numerous much imbricated scales; corolla with conspicuous funnel-form tube; stamens (chiefly 5) and style long-exserted; 3--10 high, with leaves obovate to oblong-oblanceolate._

[+] _Flowers appearing after the leaves._

1. R. arborescens, Torr. (SMOOTH AZALEA.) _Branchlets smooth; leaves_ obovate, obtuse, _very smooth both sides, s.h.i.+ning above_, glaucous beneath, the margins bristly-ciliate; _calyx-lobes long and conspicuous_, corolla slightly clammy. (Azalea arborescens, _Pursh._)--Mountains of Penn. to N. C. June. Rose-colored flowers very fragrant.