The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 122

[*] _Corolla-tube one half to twice longer than the calyx, not much longer than the ample limb, the lobes entire; appendages little if at all projecting._

2. L. hirtum, Lehm. _Hispid_ with bristly hairs (1--2 high); stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, those of the flowering branches ovate-oblong, bristly-ciliate; _corolla woolly-bearded at the base inside_ (limb 8--12" broad); _flowers distinctly peduncled_, crowded, showy; _fruiting calyx_ (' long) 3--4 times longer than the nutlets.--Pine barrens, etc., N. Y. to Minn., south and westward.

April--June.

3. L. canescens, Lehm. (PUCc.o.o.n of the Indians.) _Softly hairy_ and more or less _h.o.a.ry_ (6--15' high); _leaves obtuse_, linear-oblong, or the upper ovate-oblong, more or less _downy beneath_ and roughish with close appressed hairs above; _flowers sessile; corolla naked at the base within; fruiting calyx_ (3" long) _barely twice the length of the nutlets_.--Plains and open woods, in sandy soil, Ont. to Va., Ala., and westward. May.

[*][*] _Corolla-tube in well-developed flowers 2--4 times the length of the calyx and of its erose-toothed lobes, and the appendages conspicuous and arching; later flowers small, cleistogenous._

4. L. angustiflium, Michx. Erect or diffusely branched from the base, 6--18' high, minutely rough-strigose and h.o.a.ry; leaves linear; flowers pedicelled, leafy-bracted, of two sorts; the earlier large and showy (corolla-tube 8--18" long), the later and those of more diffusely branching plants, with inconspicuous or small and pale corollas, without crests, and the pedicels commonly recurved in fruit; nutlets usually punctate. (L. longiflorum, _Spreng._; the long-flowered form.)--Dry and sterile or sandy soil, Ind. and Mich. to Dak. and Tex., and westward.

8. ONOSMDIUM, Michx. FALSE GROMWELL.

Calyx 5-parted; the divisions linear and erect. Corolla tubular, or tubular-funnel-form, not crested (the sinuses minutely hooded-inflexed), the 5 acute lobes converging or barely spreading. Anthers oblong-linear or arrow-shaped, mucronate, inserted in the throat. Style thread-form, much exserted. Nutlets bony, ovoid, smooth, erect, fixed by the base; the scar minute, not hollowed out.--Chiefly perennial herbs, coa.r.s.e and hispid, with oblong and sessile ribbed-veined leaves, and white, greenish, or yellowish flowers, in at length elongated and erect leafy raceme-like cl.u.s.ters; in summer.--Our species belong to true ONOSMODIUM, with smooth included anthers on very short filaments; the corolla rarely twice the length of the calyx. (Named from the likeness to the genus _Onosma_, which name means _a.s.s-smell_.)

1. O. Virginianum, DC. _Clothed all over with harsh and rigid appressed short bristles_; stems rather slender (1--2 high); _leaves narrowly oblong_, or oblong-lanceolate (1--2' long), the lower narrowed at base; _lobes of the narrow corolla lance-awl-shaped_, sparingly bearded outside with long bristles.--Banks and hillsides, N. Eng. to Fla., Mo., and La.

2. O. Carolinianum, DC. _s.h.a.ggy all over with long and spreading bristly hairs_; stem stout, upright (2--4 high); _leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acute; lobes of the rather broad corolla _ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, thickly hirsute outside_.--Alluvial grounds, W. New York to Minn., south to Ga. and Tex.

Var. molle, Gray. _p.u.b.escence shorter and less spreading or appressed_, 1--2 high; leaves mostly smaller (2' long), when young softly strigose-canescent beneath. (O. molle, _Michx._)--Ill. to Minn., Tex., and westward.

9. SMPHYTUM, Tourn. COMFREY.

Corolla oblong-tubular, inflated above, 5-toothed, the short teeth spreading; the throat closed with 5 converging linear-awl-shaped scales.

Stamens included; anthers elongated. Style thread-form. Nutlets smooth, ovate, erect, fixed by the large hollowed base, which is finely toothed on its margin.--Coa.r.s.e perennial herbs, with thickened bitterish mucilaginous roots; the nodding raceme-like cl.u.s.ters either single or in pairs. (Ancient Greek name from s?fe??, _to grow together_, probably for its reputed healing virtues.)

S. OFFICINaLE, L. (COMMON COMFREY.) Hairy, branched, winged above by the decurrent leaves; the lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a petiole, the upper narrower; corolla yellowish-white, rarely purplish.--Moist places; escaped from gardens. June. (Adv. from Eu.)

10. LYCoPSIS, L. BUGLOSS.

Corolla funnel-shaped, with curved tube and slightly unequal limb; the throat closed with 5 convex obtuse bristly scales opposite the lobes.

Stamens and style included. Nutlets rough-wrinkled, erect, fixed by a hollowed-out base.--Annuals. (Name from ?????, _a wolf_, and ????, _face_.)

L. ARVeNSIS, L. (SMALL BUGLOSS.) Very rough-bristly (1 high); leaves lanceolate; flowers in leafy raceme-like cl.u.s.ters; calyx as long as the tube of the small blue corolla.--Dry or sandy fields, New Eng. to Va.; scarce. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. eCHIUM, Tourn. VIPER'S BUGLOSS.

Corolla with a cylindraceous or funnel-form tube, and a more or less unequal spreading 5-lobed border; lobes rounded, the expanded throat naked. Stamens mostly exserted, unequal. Style thread-form. Nutlets roughened or wrinkled, fixed by a flat base. (A name of Dioscorides, from ????, _a viper_.)

E. VULGaRE, L. (BLUE-WEED.) Rough-bristly biennial; stem erect (2 high), mostly simple; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile; flowers showy, in short lateral cl.u.s.ters, disposed in a long and narrow thyrsus; corolla reddish-purple changing to brilliant blue (rarely pale).--Roadsides and meadows of the Middle Atlantic States. June. (Nat.

from Eu.)

ORDER 73. CONVOLVULaCEae. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.)

_Chiefly twining or trailing herbs, often with some milky juice, with alternate leaves (or scales) and regular 5-androus flowers; a calyx of 5 imbricated sepals, a 5-plaited or 5-lobed corolla convolute or twisted in the bud (imbricate in n. 6); a 2-celled (rarely 3-celled) ovary (or in one tribe 2 separate pistils), with a pair of erect ovules in each cell, the cells sometimes doubled by a false part.i.tion between the seeds, so becoming 4-celled; the embryo large, curved or coiled in mucilaginous alb.u.men._--Fruit a globular 2--6-seeded capsule. Flowers mostly showy, on axillary peduncles; pedicels articulated, often 2-bracted. (Many are cultivated for ornament, and one, the Sweet Potato, for its edible farinaceous roots, those of several species are cathartic; e.g. Jalap.)

Tribe I. DICHONDREae. Carpels 2 or 4, distinct or nearly so; styles 2 basilar. Creeping herbs.

1. Dichondra. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Pistils 2, one-seeded.

Tribe II. CONVOLVULEae. Ovary entire. Leafy plants, mostly twiners.

2. Ipoma. Style undivided, with stigma capitate or 2--3-globose.

3. Convolvulus. Style undivided or 2-cleft only at apex; stigmas 2, linear-filiform to subulate or ovate.

4. Breweria. Style 2-cleft or 2-parted; the divisions simple; stigmas capitate.

5. Evolvulus. Styles 2, each 2-cleft; stigmas linear-filiform. Not twining.

Tribe III. CUSCUTEae. Ovary entire. Leafless parasitic twining herbs, never green. Embryo filiform, coiled, without cotyledons.

6. Cuscuta. The only genus of the group.

1. DICHoNDRA, Forst.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens included.

Styles, ovaries, and utricular 1--2-seeded capsules 2, distinct. Stigmas thick.--Small and creeping perennial herbs, soft p.u.b.escent, with kidney-shaped entire leaves, and axillary 1-flowered bractless peduncles. Corolla small, yellowish or white. (Name from d??, _double_, and ???d???, _a grain_, from the fruit.)

1. D. repens, Forst. Leaves round kidney-shaped, p.u.b.escent, green both sides; corolla not exceeding the calyx (1--1" long).--Wet ground, Va.

to Tex., near the coast.

2. IPOM'A, L. MORNING GLORY.

Calyx not bracteate at base, but the outer sepals commonly larger.

Corolla salver-form or funnel-form to nearly campanulate; the limb entire or slightly lobed. Style undivided, terminated by a single capitate or 2--3-globose stigma. Capsule globular, 4--6 (by abortion fewer) -seeded, 2--4-valved. (Name, according to Linnaeus, from ??, _a Bindweed_, and ?????, _like_; but ?? is _a worm_.)

-- 1 QUaMOc.l.i.t. _Corolla salver-form, or with somewhat funnel-form but narrow tube; stamens and style exserted; flowers red. Annual twiners._

I. QUaMOc.l.i.t, L. (CYPRESS-VINE.) Leaves pinnately parted into linear-thread-shaped delicate parallel lobes; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla narrow, scarlet-red, or sometimes white. (Quamoc.l.i.t vulgaris, _Choisy_.)--Sparingly spontaneous southward. (Trop. Amer., etc.)

I. COCCiNEA, L. Leaves heart-shaped, ac.u.minate, entire or angled, sepals awn-pointed; corolla light scarlet (1' long). (Quamoc.l.i.t coccinea, _Moench_.)--River banks, etc., Ohio to Ill., Va., and southward.

(Probably indigenous in N. Mex. and Arizona.)

-- 2. IPOM'A proper. _Corolla funnel-form or nearly campanulate, contorted in the bud; stamens and style not exserted._

[*] (MORNING GLORY.) _Lobes of stigma and cells 3; sepals long and narrow, attenuate upward, mostly hirsute below, corolla purple, blue, and white._

I. HEDERaCEA, Jacq. Stems retrorsely hairy, _leaves heart-shaped, 3-lobed_, the lobes acute or ac.u.minate; peduncles short, or rather long, 1--3-flowered; calyx densely hairy below; corolla white and purple or pale blue (1--1' long). (I. Nil. of Manual, not _Roth_.)--Waste and cultivated ground, Penn. to Fla., and La. (Trop. Amer.)

I. PURPuREA, Lam. (COMMON MORNING-GLORY.) Annual, stems retrorsely hairy; _leaves heart shaped, ac.u.minate, entire_; peduncles long, umbellately 3--5-flowered; calyx bristly hairy below; corolla funnel-form (2' long), purple, varying to white.--Escaped in cultivated grounds. (Trop. Amer.)

[*][*] _Stigma 2-lobed or entire; cells 2, each 2-seeded; sepals broader, imbricated._