The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 125

4. P. p.u.b.escens, L. _Annual_, diffusely much branched or at length dec.u.mbent; leaves angulate- or repand-toothed or nearly entire; _corolla_ spotted with brown purple in the centre, 5--6" _broad_ when expanded, obscurely 5--10-toothed; _anthers violet_.--Low grounds, N. Y.

to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex., and westward.--A very doubtful form, found at Independence, Kan. (_B. F. Bush_), has the small corolla (2"

broad) yellow, without a brown centre, the anthers yellow, the fruiting calyx smaller, and the berry viscid.

5. P. Virginiana, Mill. _Perennial_, diffusely much branched and widely spreading, or at first erect; leaves sometimes oblong, repand or obtusely toothed, rarely entire; _corolla 9--12" broad_, 5-angled or 5--10-toothed; _anthers yellow_. (P. viscosa, _Gray_, Man., not _L._)--Light or sandy soils, Ont. and Minn. to Fla. and Tex.--Var.

AMBiGUA, Gray, is a coa.r.s.e and very villous form with violet anthers.

Wisc., and westward.

[+][+][+] _Perennials, mostly low, not viscid; p.u.b.escence stellate or simple or nearly none; anthers almost always yellow._

6. P. viscsa, L. _Cinereous or when young almost canescent with short stellate or 2--3-forked p.u.b.escence_; stems ascending or spreading from _slender creeping subterranean shoots; leaves ovate or oval_, varying to oblong and obovate, entire or undulate; corolla greenish-yellow, with a more or less dark eye; _fruiting calyx globose-ovate; berry yellow or orange_.--In sands on and near the coast, Va. to N. C. and Fla.

7. P. lanceolata, Michx. _More or less hirsute-p.u.b.escent with short stiff mostly simple hairs_, varying to nearly glabrous; stems from rather _stout subterranean shoots_, angled, somewhat rigid; _leaves oblong-ovate to narrowly lanceolate_, sparingly angulate-toothed to undulate or entire; corolla ochroleucous, with a more or less dark eye; _calyx commonly hirsute, in fruit pyramidal-ovate_ (1--1' long); _berry reddish_. (P. Pennsylvanica, _Gray_, Man., in part; not _L._)--Dry open ground, Penn. to Ill., Minn., and south and westward.

Var. laevigata, Gray. Glabrous or almost so throughout, or with some very short hairs on young parts.--Neb. to Tex., and westward.

Var. hirta, Gray. A remarkable ambiguous form, with much of the hirsute-p.u.b.escence of the leaves 2--3-forked, as also are some of the abundant villous-hispid hairs of the stem.--Wet woods, Tex. to Mo., and E. Kan.

4. NICaNDRA, Adans. APPLE OF PERU.

Calyx 5-parted, 5-angled, the divisions rather arrow-shaped, enlarged and bladder-like in fruit, enclosing the 3--5-celled globular dry berry.

Corolla with border nearly entire. Otherwise much like Physalis.--An annual smooth herb (2--3 high), with ovate sinuate-toothed or angled leaves, and solitary pale blue flowers on axillary and terminal peduncles. (Named after the poet _Nicander_ of Colophon.)

N. PHYSALODES, Gaertn.--Waste grounds, near dwellings and old gardens.

(Adv. from Peru.)

5. LCIUM, L. MATRIMONY-VINE.

Calyx 3--5-toothed or -cleft, not enlarging, persistent at the base of the berry. Corolla funnel-form or salver-shaped, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated and not plaited in the bud. Stamens 5; anthers opening lengthwise. Style slender; stigma capitate. Berry small, 2-celled.

Shrubby, often spiny plants, with alternate and entire small leaves, and mostly axillary small flowers. (Named from the country, _Lycia_.)

L. VULGaRE, Dunal. (COMMON M.) Shrub with long sarmentose recurved-drooping branches, smooth, sparingly if at all spiny; leaves oblong- or spatulate-lanceolate, often fascicled, narrowed into a short petiole; flowers on slender peduncles fascicled in the axils; corolla short funnel-form, greenish-purple; style and slender filaments equalling its lobes; berry oval, orange-red.--About dwellings, and escaped into waste grounds in Penn., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)

6. HYOSC?AMUS, Tourn. HENBANE.

Calyx bell-shaped or urn-shaped, 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-form, oblique, with a 5-lobed more or less unequal plaited border. Stamens declined.

Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, 2-celled, opening transversely all round near the apex, which falls off like a lid.--Clammy-p.u.b.escent, fetid, narcotic herbs, with lurid flowers in the axils of angled or toothed leaves. (Name composed of ??, ???, _a hog_, and ??a??, _a bean_; said to be poisonous to swine.)

H. NGER, L. (BLACK HENBANE.) Biennial or annual; leaves clasping, sinuate-toothed and angled; flowers sessile, in one-sided leafy spikes; corolla dull yellowish, strongly reticulated with purple veins.--Escaped from gardens to roadsides. (Adv. from Eu.)

7. DATuRA, L. JAMESTOWN-WEED. THORN-APPLE.

Calyx prismatic, 5-toothed, separating transversely above the base in fruit, the upper part falling away. Corolla funnel-form, with a large and spreading 5--10-toothed plaited border. Stigma 2-lipped. Capsule globular, p.r.i.c.kly, 4-valved, 2-celled, with 2 thick placentae; projected from the axis into the middle of the cells, and connected with the walls by an imperfect false part.i.tion, so that the capsule is 4-celled except near the top, the placentae as if on the middle of these false part.i.tions. Seeds rather large, flat.--Rank weeds, narcotic-poisonous, with ovate leaves, and large showy flowers on short peduncles in the forks of the branching stem; produced all summer and autumn. (Altered from the Arabic name, _Tatorah_.)

D. STRAMNIUM, L. (COMMON STRAMONIUM or THORN APPLE.) Annual, glabrous; leaves ovate, sinuate-toothed or angled; _stem green; corolla white_ (3'

long), the border with 5 teeth; lower p.r.i.c.kles of the capsule mostly shorter.--Waste grounds; a well-known ill-scented weed. (Adv. from Asia?)

D. TaTULA, L. (PURPLE T.) Mostly taller; _stem purple; corolla pale violet-purple_; p.r.i.c.kles of the capsule nearly equal.--Waste grounds, in the Atlantic States. (Adv. from trop. Amer.)

8. NICOTIaNA, Tourn. TOBACCO.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form, usually with a long tube; the plaited border 5-lobed. Stigma capitate.

Capsule 2-celled, 2--4-valved from the apex. Seeds minute.--Rank acrid-narcotic herbs, mostly clammy-p.u.b.escent, with ample entire leaves, and racemed or panicled flowers. (Named after _John Nicot_, who was thought to have introduced Tobacco (N. TABac.u.m, L.) into Europe.)

N. RuSTICA, L. (WILD TOBACCO.) Annual; leaves ovate, petioled; tube of the dull greenish-yellow corolla cylindrical, two thirds longer than the calyx, the lobes rounded.--Old fields, from N. Y. westward and southward; a relic of cultivation by the Indians. (Of unknown nativity.)

ORDER 75. SCROPHULARIaCEae. (FIGWORT FAMILY.)

_Chiefly herbs (rarely trees), with didynamous stamens (or perfect stamens often only 2, rarely 5) inserted on the tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregular corolla, the lobes of which are imbricated in the bud; fruit a 2-celled and usually many-seeded capsule, with the placentae; in the axis; seeds anatropous, or amphitropous, with a small embryo in copious alb.u.men._--Style single; stigma entire or 2-lobed.

Leaves and inflorescence various; but the flowers not terminal in any genuine representatives of the order.--A large order of bitterish plants, some of them narcotic-poisonous.

I. ANTIRRHINIDEae. Upper lip or lobes of the corolla covering the lower in the bud (with occasional exceptions in Mimulas, etc.) Capsule usually septicidal.

Tribe I. VERBASCEae. Corolla rotate. Flowers racemose. Leaves alternate.

1. Verbasc.u.m. Stamens 5, all with anthers, and 3 or all with bearded filaments.

Tribe II. ANTIRRHINEae. Corolla tubular, with a spur or sac at the base below, the throat usually with a palate. Capsule opening by c.h.i.n.ks or holes. Flowers in simple racemes or axillary. Lower leaves usually opposite or whorled. Stamens 4.

2. Linaria. Corolla spurred at base; the palate seldom closing the throat.

3. Antirrhinum. Corolla merely saccate at base; the palate closing the throat.

Tribe III. CHELONEae. Corolla tubular, or 2-lipped, not spurred nor saccate below. Capsule 2--4-valved. Leaves opposite. Inflorescence usually compound, of small axillary spiked or racemed or umbel-like cl.u.s.ters or cymes, or when reduced to a single flower the peduncle mostly 2-bracteate. Stamens 4, and usually a rudiment of the fifth.

4. Scrophularia. Corolla inflated, globular or oblong, with four erect lobes and one spreading one. Rudiment of the sterile stamen a scale on the upper lip.

5. Collinsia. Corolla 2-cleft, the short tube saccate on the upper side; the middle lobe of the lower lip sac-like and enclosing the declined stamens.

6. Chelone. Corolla tubular inflated above. Sterile stamen shorter than the others. Anthers very woolly. Seeds winged.

7. Pentstemon. Corolla tubular. Sterile stamen about as long as the rest. Seeds wingless.

Tribe IV. GRATIOLEae. Corolla tubular, not saccate nor spurred. Capsule 2-valved. Flowers solitary in the axils of bracts or leaves, peduncles naked (or 2-bracteolate in n. 12). Leaves all or the lower ones opposite. No trace of a fifth stamen.

[*] Stamens 4, all anther-bearing and similar.

8. Mimulus. Calyx prismatic, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla elongated.

9. Con.o.bea. Calyx 5-parted, the divisions equal. Corolla short.

10. Herpestis. Calyx 5-parted, unequal, the upper division largest.

Corolla short.