The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Part 138

Calyx ovoid-tubular, 13-nerved, 2-lipped, naked in the throat; upper lip with 3 awned teeth, the lower with 2 nearly awnless teeth. Corolla inflated in the throat, strongly and nearly equally 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its lateral lobes ovate and rounded, larger than the oblong and notched middle one. Stamens 2, ascending, exserted (the upper pair minute or none); anthers, etc., as in Monarda.--Perennial herbs, with nearly the foliage, etc., of Monarda; the small pale bluish purple flowers crowded in axillary and terminal globose whorls; in summer. (Name from ?efa???, _the eyelash_, in reference to the hairy-fringed bracts and calyx-teeth.)

1. B. ciliata, Raf. Somewhat downy (1--2 high); _leaves almost sessile, oblong-ovate, narrowed at base_, whitish-downy underneath; outer _bracts ovate_, acute, colored, ciliate, as long as the calyx; corolla hairy.--Dry open places, Ma.s.s. to Minn., south to Ga. and Kan.

2. B. hirsuta, Benth. Taller, hairy throughout; _leaves long-petioled, ovate, pointed, rounded or heart-shaped at base_; the lower floral ones similar, the uppermost and the _bracts linear-awl-shaped_, shorter than the long-haired calyx; corolla smoothish, pale, with darker purple spots.--Moist shady places, Vt. to Minn., south to Ga. and E. Tex.

21. LOPHaNTHUS, Benth. GIANT HYSSOP.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 15-nerved, oblique, 5-toothed, the upper teeth rather longer than the others. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip nearly erect, 2-lobed, the lower somewhat spreading, 3-cleft, with the middle lobe crenate. Stamens 4, exserted; the upper pair declined, the lower and shorter pair ascending, so that the pairs cross; anther-cells nearly parallel.--Perennial tall herbs, with petioled serrate leaves, and small flowers crowded in interrupted terminal spikes; in summer. (Name from ??f??, _a crest_, and ?????, _a flower_.)

1. L. nepetodes, Benth. Stem stout, 2--6 high, sharply 4-angled, _smooth_, or nearly so; leaves ovate, somewhat pointed, coa.r.s.ely crenate-toothed (2--4' long); spikes 2--6' long, crowded with the ovate pointed bracts; _calyx-teeth ovate, rather obtuse, little shorter than the pale greenish-yellow corolla_.--Borders of woods, Vt. to Minn., south to N. C. and Tex.

2. L. scrophulariaeflius, Benth. Stem (obtusely 4-angled) and lower surface of the ovate or somewhat heart-shaped acute leaves more or less _p.u.b.escent; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute, shorter than the purplish corolla_ (spikes 4--15' long); otherwise like the last.--Same range.

3. L. anisatus, Benth. Smooth, but the ovate acute _leaves glaucous-white underneath_ with minute down; _calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute_.--Plains, Wisc. to Minn., Neb., and westward.--Foliage with the scent of anise.

22. CEDRONeLLA, Moench.

Calyx rather obliquely 5-toothed, many-nerved. Corolla ample, expanded at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip flattish or concave, 2-lobed, the lower 3-cleft, spreading, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4, ascending, the lower pair shorter; anther-cells parallel.--Sweet-scented perennials, with pale purplish flowers. (Name a diminutive of _cedrus_, the cedar-tree, from the aromatic leaves of C. triphylla, the _Balm-of-Gilead_ of English gardens.)

1. C. cordata, Benth. Low, with slender runners, hairy; leaves broadly heart-shaped, crenate, petioled, the floral shorter than the calyx; whorls few-flowered, at the summit of short ascending stems; corolla hairy inside (1' long); stamens shorter than the upper lip.--Moist shady banks, W. Penn. to Ky., south to the mountains of N. C. and Tenn.

23. NePETA, L. CAT-MINT.

Calyx tubular, often incurved, obliquely 5-toothed. Corolla dilated in the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, rather concave, notched or 2-cleft; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe largest, either 2-lobed or entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate in pairs, the cells divergent.--Perennial herbs. (The Latin name, thought to be derived from _Nepete_, an Etrurian city.)

-- 1. _Cymose cl.u.s.ters rather dense and many-flowered, forming interrupted spikes or racemes; upper floral leaves small and bract-like._

N. CATaRIA, L. (CATNIP.) Downy, erect, branched; leaves heart-shaped, oblong, deeply crenate, whitish-downy underneath; corolla whitish, dotted with purple.--Near dwellings; a very common weed. July--Sept.

(Nat. from Eu.)

-- 2. GLECHMA. _Leaves all alike; the axillary cl.u.s.ters loosely few-flowered._

N. GLECHMA, Benth. (GROUND IVY. GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND.) Creeping and trailing; leaves petioled, round kidney-shaped, crenate, green both sides; corolla thrice the length of the calyx, light blue.--Damp or shady places, common. (Nat. from Eu.)

24. DRACOCePHALUM, Tourn. DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx tubular, 13--15-nerved, straight, 5-toothed; the upper tooth usually much the largest. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip slightly arched and notched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, with its middle lobe largest and 2-cleft or notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate by pairs, the cells divergent.--Whorls many-flowered, mostly spiked or capitate, and with awn-toothed or fringed leafy bracts. (Name from d?????, _a dragon_, and ?efa??, _head_, alluding to the form of the corolla in the original species.)

1. D. parviflrum, Nutt. Annual or biennial; stem erect, leafy (8--20'

high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply cut-toothed, petioled; whorls crowded in a terminal head or spike; upper tooth of the calyx ovate, nearly equalling the bluish small slender corolla.--Rocky or gravelly soil, northern N. Y. to Iowa and Minn., and westward.

25. SCUTELLaRIA, L. SKULLCAP.

Calyx bell-shaped in flower, 2-lipped; the lips entire, closed in fruit, the upper with a helmet-like at length concave and enlarged appendage on the back (the upper sepal); calyx splitting to the base at maturity, the upper lip usually falling away. Corolla with an elongated curved ascending tube, dilated at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip arched, entire or barely notched, the lateral lobes mostly connected with the upper rather than the lower lip; the lower lobe or lip spreading and convex, notched at the apex. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, ciliate or bearded, those of the lower stamens 1-celled (halved), of the upper 2-celled and heart-shaped.--Bitter perennial herbs, not aromatic, the short peduncles or pedicels chiefly opposite, 1-flowered, often 1-sided, axillary or spiked or racemed; in summer. (Name from _scutella_, a dish, in allusion to the appendage to the fruiting calyx.)

-- 1. _Nutlets wingless, mostly marginless, on a low gyn.o.base._

[*] _Flowers small (3" long), in axillary and sometimes terminal 1-sided racemes._

1. S. lateriflra, L. (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP.) Smooth; stem upright, much branched (1--2 high); leaves lanceolate-ovate or ovate-oblong, pointed, coa.r.s.ely serrate, rounded at base, petioled (2--3" long), the lower floral ones similar; flowers blue, rarely white.--Wet shaded places, common.

[*][*] _Flowers larger (6--12" long) in terminal single or panicled racemes, the floral leaves gradually reduced to bracts._

[+] _Stem-leaves all cordate, crenate-toothed, slender-petioled; lateral lobes of the corolla almost equalling the short upper lip._

2. S. versicolor, Nutt. _Soft hairy_, the hairs of the inflorescence, etc., partly viscid-glandular; stem mostly erect (1--3 high); _leaves ovate or round-ovate_, very veiny, _rugose_, the floral reduced to broadly ovate entire bracts about equalling the glandular-hairy calyx; racemes mostly simple; corolla bright blue with lower side and lip whitish.--Banks of streams, Penn. to Wisc., Minn., and southward.--Var.

MNOR, Chapm. Low, slender, and thin-leaved; floral leaves small.--Mountains of Va., etc.

3. S. saxatilis, Riddell. _Glabrous or slightly hairy_; stem weak, ascending (6--18' long), often producing runners, branched; _leaves ovate or ovate-oblong_ (1--2' long), _thin, obtuse_; upper bracts oblong or ovate, small, entire; raceme simple, loose.--Moist shaded banks, Del.

to Ohio, south in the mountains to Va. and Tenn.

[+][+] _Stem-leaves crenate-dentate or serrate (or nearly entire in n. 7), only the lowest if any cordate at base, more or less petioled; lateral lobes of the blue corolla shorter than the galeate upper lip._

4. S. serrata, Andrews. _Green and nearly glabrous_; stem rather simple (1--3 high), with single loosely flowered racemes; _leaves serrate, ac.u.minate at both ends_, ovate or ovate-oblong; calyx, etc., somewhat hairy; _corolla 1' long, narrow, its lips equal_ in length.--Woods, Penn. to Ill. and N. C.

5. S. canescens, Nutt. Stem branched above (2--4 high), with the _panicled many-flowered racemes, flowers, and the lower surface of the ovate or lance-ovate acute_ (at the base acute, obtuse, or cordate) _crenate leaves whitish with fine soft down_, often becoming rather glabrous; bracts oblong or lanceolate; _corolla 8--9"

long_.--River-banks, Ont. and Penn. to the mountains of N. C. and N.

Ala., west to Kan. and Ark.

6. S. pilsa, Michx. _p.u.b.escent with spreading hairs_; stem nearly simple (1--3 high); _leaves rather distant, crenate, oblong-ovate, obtuse_, varying to roundish-ovate, the lower abrupt or heart-shaped at base and long-petioled, the upper on short margined petioles, veiny; bracts oblong-spatulate; racemes short, often branched; _corolla 6"

long, rather narrow_, the lower lip a little shorter.--Dry or sterile ground, southern N. Y. to Mich., south to Fla. and Tex.

Var. hirsuta, Gray, is a large form (sometimes 3 high), more hirsute, with larger very coa.r.s.ely crenate leaves (2--3' long).--Richer soil, Ky.

Var. ovaliflia, Benth., is a form with shorter and finer p.u.b.escence, and narrower less veiny leaves.--N. J. to Va.

7. S. integriflia, L. _Downy all over with a minute h.o.a.riness_; stem commonly simple (1--2 high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, mostly entire_, obtuse, very short-petioled; _corolla_ 1' long, _much enlarged above, the ample lips equal_ in length.--Dry ground, N. Eng. to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*][*] _Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper mostly sessile leaves, which resemble the lower ones but are occasionally reduced._

8. S. Wrghtii, Gray. _Firm and woody at base, not stoloniferous nor tuberiferous_, low, many-stemmed in a tuft, minutely cinereous-p.u.b.erulent, very leafy; leaves ovate or spatulate-oblong, entire, subsessile (' long), the upper floral shorter than the flowers; corolla p.u.b.escent (' long), usually violet.--Kan. to Tex.

9. S. parvula, Michx. Herbaceous; _subterranean stolons moniliform-tuberiferous_; minutely downy, dwarf (3--6' high), branched and spreading; all but the lower leaves sessile and entire, the lowest round-ovate, the others ovate or lance-ovate, slightly heart-shaped (6--8" long); corolla 2--4" long.--Sandy banks, W. New Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.--Var. MoLLIS, Gray, is more spreading, softly p.u.b.escent throughout, with larger less firm leaves.--Sandy banks, S.

Ill. to Kan.

10. S. galericulata, L. _Herbaceous; subterranean stolons not tuberiferous_; smooth or a little downy, erect (1--2 high), simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, roundish and slightly heart-shaped at base (1--2' long); corolla violet-blue, 8--9" long, with slender tube, the large lower lip nearly erect.--Wet shady places; common especially northward. (Eu.)

-- 2. _Nutlets conspicuously winged, each raised on a slender base._

11. S. nervsa, Pursh. Smooth, simple or branched, slender, 10--20'

high; lower leaves roundish, the middle ovate, toothed, somewhat heart-shaped (1' long), the floral ovate-lanceolate, entire; nerve-like veins prominent beneath; corolla bluish, 4" long, the lower lip exceeding the concave upper one.--Moist thickets, N. Y. to Ind., south to Va. and Mo.

26. BRUNeLLA, Tourn. SELF-HEAL.